Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Waveguides for Superior Photonics Applications written by Dayan Kanishka Handapangoda and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guiding optical energy in metal-dielectric nanostructures by the use ofplasmon excitations known as surface plasmons has received much attentionover the past few decades. The diverse applications of this technologyspan many areas in modern science, including scanning near-field optical microscopy(SNOM), bio-medical imaging and sensing, surface-enhanced Ramanspectroscopy (SERS), and the realization of nanophotonic circuit elements. Plasmonicwaveguides play a prominent role in the efficient operation of these devices,which are responsible for carrying optical signals in subwavelength dimensions.The guided optical modes suffer from propagation losses that arise due tovarious factors, such as scattering from surface imperfections in waveguides, absorptionlosses in dielectrics, and ohmic heating in metals. Even though scatteringlosses may be minimized by employing cutting-edge fabrication techniquesthat stem from the rapid advancements in material engineering, and dielectriclosses are often negligibly small, the metal losses are high in magnitude and thuscannot be overlooked. Since metals are essential to sustain and guide the plasmonicmodes, metal losses cannot be entirely eliminated. However, these lossesmay be compensated by doping the dielectric with rare-earth ions and providingoptical gain via pumping. Since the amount of optical gain that can be suppliedis practically limited, it is vital that waveguides are designed in such a way thatthe detrimental effects of metal losses are minimal.Waveguides of different geometrical shapes and arrangements have been identified as candidates for plasmonic waveguides, such as planar waveguides, circularcylinders, waveguides with square and triangular cross-sections, metalwedges and grooves, and linear chains of metal and metal-dielectric compositeparticles. These geometries have their own merits and demerits, in terms ofthe propagation losses and mode confinement. In this dissertation, the focus ison planar and circularly cylindrical geometries, and a number of both active andpassive multi-layer structures are examined numerically, as well as analytically,for the efficient propagation of plasmonic modes. The effect of the geometricalparameters of the waveguide on propagation characteristics is investigated belowthe plasmon resonance frequency.Considering a planar waveguide consisting of a finite dielectric layer on athick metal, it is shown that the guided mode experiences maximal modal gain ata particular thickness of the optically pumped dielectric layer. The threshold gainrequired to fully compensate for the losses (critical gain) in a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide of infinite extent is estimated analytically, and an exactanalytical expression for the confinement factor is derived. The more realisticcase of an MDM structure with finite metal layers is also investigated, and it isrevealed that thicknesses of metal/dielectric layers can be adjusted to ensure thefurthest propagation of the guided mode. When the dielectric region is pumpedto provide optical gain, the losses may be suppressed by minimal pump power ata particular choice of geometrical parameters. Additionally, it is shown that thegain experienced by the mode also becomes minimal, depending on the waveguidegeometry. An exact analytical expression for the confinement factor is alsopresented. For a dielectric-metal-dielectric waveguide capped with metal, anapproximate analytical solution for the dispersion equation is derived. The optimalgeometrical parameters that yield the furthest propagation of the mode andcompensation of losses with minimal optical gain are estimated analytically. Furthermore,approximate analytical expressions for the critical gain and the confinement factor are derived.Several composite cylindrical nanowire structures are also investigated forplasmonic guiding. For a nanowire consisting of a dielectric core and a metalcladding, it is shown that the critical gain becomes minimal at a particularcladding thickness. Similarly, the geometrical parameters of metal-core dielectriccladnanowires can also be chosen to lower the material gain requirement. CylindricalMDM nanowires are also investigated, and it is shown that the guidedmode can be strongly confined within the dielectric layer. The existence of optimalnanowire geometry that enables maximum propagation length of the modeand compensation of metal losses with minimal material gain is found.
Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices for Optical Communications written by Melikyan, Argishti and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short introduction to the theory of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is given. The application of the SPPs in on-chip signal processing is discussed. In particular, two concepts of plasmonic modulators are reported, wherein the SPPs are modulated by 40 Gbit/s electrical signals. Phase and Mach-Zehnder modulators employing the Pockels effect in electro-optic organic materials are discussed. A few micro-meter long SPP absorption modulator based on a thin layer of indium-tin-oxide is reported.
Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices for Optical Communications written by Argishti Melikyan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plasmonics Fundamentals and Applications written by Stefan Alexander Maier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-16 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered a major field of photonics, plasmonics offers the potential to confine and guide light below the diffraction limit and promises a new generation of highly miniaturized photonic devices. This book combines a comprehensive introduction with an extensive overview of the current state of the art. Coverage includes plasmon waveguides, cavities for field-enhancement, nonlinear processes and the emerging field of active plasmonics studying interactions of surface plasmons with active media.
Download or read book Applications of Plasmonics in Silicon Based Photonic Devices written by Roney Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface plasmon polaritons are highly confined electromagnetic waves which can be employed in developing miniaturised optical devices for bridging the size-mismatch between the nanoscale electronics and large diffraction-limited photonic devices. For this purpose, it is desired to develop silicon compatible plasmonic devices in order to achieve seamless integration with electronics on the silicon-on-insulator platform. Plasmonic devices such as modulators, detectors, couplers, (de)multiplexers, etc, would possess the advantages of having a small device footprint, low cost, low power consumption and faster response time. In this thesis, different silicon-based plasmonic devices were investigated using finite element simulations, including optical modulators, couplers and splitters. A metallised stub filled with SiGe/Ge multiple quantum wells or quantum dots in a silicon matrix, coupled to a dielectric waveguide was investigated. The modulation principles include 'spoiling' of the Q factor and conversion of the electromagnetic mode parity, due to variation of the absorption coefficient of the stub filling. A CMOS compatible interference-based Mach-Zehnder modulator with each arm comprising a metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal structure, and a simpler single arm variant, were considered for electro-optic and electroabsorption modulation respectively. The electron density profiles in bias-induced accumulation layers were calculated with the inclusion of size-quantisation effects at the oxide-silicon interfaces. These were then used to find the complex refractive index profiles across the structure, in its biased and unbiased states, and eventually the modulator insertion loss and extinction ratio, and their dependence on various structural parameters. Finally, a silicon-based plasmonic nanofocusing coupler was investigated, which comprised symmetric rectangular grooves converging towards a central metal-silicon-metal nano-slit at the apex of the structure. The structure was optimised to achieve maximum coupling of light incident from a wide input opening, and coherent excitation and focusing of surface plasmons as they propagate towards the nano-slit waveguide. Application of the nanofocusing structure to achieve simultaneous coupling and splitting was also investigated, whereby incident light was focused into two nano-slits separated by a metal gap region at the apex. Such a plasmonic coupler or splitter can be used for coupling light directly from a wide fibre grating opening into nanoplasmonic waveguides in future on-chip plasmonic-electronic integrated circuits, or into the two arms of a plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator.
Download or read book Molding Light with Coaxial Plasmonic Geometries written by Amr Ahmed Essawi Saleh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to manipulate light has enabled the development of unprecedented technologies that reshaped our lives. Optical fibers, digital cameras and liquid crystal displays are just few examples. At the nanoscale, however, light manipulation with conventional optics becomes a challenge due to the diffraction limit. One of the viable routes to overcome the diffraction limit is through the utilization of surface plasmon polaritons. They are hybrid electromagnetic/electronic surface waves that can be guided along a metal/dielectric interface and are subwavelength by nature. Thus, they facilitate the development of subwavelength optics which allow for conquering new scientific and technological frontiers. In this thesis, we focus on studying coaxial plasmonic apertures for two particular applications; active subwavelength optical interconnects and plasmonic optical tweezers. The integration of photonics and electronics has been hampered by the large size of the photonic components (set by the diffraction limit). Thus, the realization of subwavelength optical interconnects is of fundamental importance as it is the first step toward on-chip optical data communications and eventually full optical data processing. Here, we focus on using active coaxial plasmonic waveguides as subwavelength optical interconnects. Using empirically-determined optical constants, we systematically study the dispersion, propagation length, threshold gain, modal gain, and confinement factor of these structures. We show that coaxial plasmonic waveguides can achieve lossless propagation with that threshold gain as low as 500 cm^{-1} with overall waveguide diameter less than 200 nm. Coaxial waveguides also showed significant enhancement in the confinement factor where modal gain can exceed threshold gain by 10 to 100x across visible and near-infrared frequencies. Our results indicate the promise of the coaxial plasmonic waveguides for low-loss optical networking, and provide a roadmap for the design of optimized nanoscale plasmonic laser cavities. The other application we focus on in this thesis is plasmonic optical tweezing of nanoscale dielectric particles. Conventional optical tweezers use sculpted laser beams accelerate, manipulate, or trap small objects with light alone. Since their introduction, optical tweezers have emerged as a powerful means of probing and controlling micrometer-scale objects. In the biosciences, for example, optical tweezers have been utilized for bacterial trapping as well as noninvasive manipulation of organelles and filaments within individual living cells. They have also advanced our understanding of biomolecular systems and the physics of molecular motors, ranging from kinesin and myosin to the polymerases involved in DNA transcription and replication. Despite these advances, direct optical trapping and manipulation of individual subwavelength particles remains a considerable challenge, due to the diffraction limit of light. In this thesis, we introduce a new optical tweezer design - coaxial plasmonic apertures - that can trap sub-10nm dielectric particles. These coaxial apertures are capable of strongly confining light in all transverse directions, creating a highly-localizing dual trapping potential in the nearfield. First, using full-field electromagnetic simulations, we show that an optimized coaxial design can trap dielectric particles as small as 2nm in diameter. The required optical power for nanoscale trapping and manipulation is less than 100 mW, and the dual potential well can be rotated with the incident polarization, allowing for specimen rotation. Then, we discuss our experiments to characterize the optical forces of individual coaxial fibers using atomic force microscopy. This technique enables direct detection of the mechanical action of light at the nanoscale with high spatial resolution and sub-pico Newton force resolution. Finally, we describe how coaxial aperture integration onto an optical fiber can enable full, three-dimensional manipulation of particles. Looking forward, coaxial apertures provide a promising a route toward non-invasive nano-specimen optical trapping at extended-working-distances.
Download or read book Quantum Plasmonics written by Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-26 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest results of quantum properties of light in the nanostructured environment supporting surface plasmons, including waveguide quantum electrodynamics, quantum emitters, strong-coupling phenomena and lasing in plasmonic structures. Different approaches are described for controlling the emission and propagation of light with extreme light confinement and field enhancement provided by surface plasmons. Recent progress is reviewed in both experimental and theoretical investigations within quantum plasmonics, elucidating the fundamental physical phenomena involved and discussing the realization of quantum-controlled devices, including single-photon sources, transistors and ultra-compact circuitry at the nanoscale.
Download or read book Integrated Nanophotonic Devices written by Zeev Zalevsky and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2010-10-08 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanophotonics is a field of science and technology based on the manipulation of light with equally miniscule structures, in the same way that computer chips are used to route and switch electrical signals. By enabling new high bandwidth, high speed optoelectronic components, nanophotonics has the potential to revolutionize the fields of telecommunications, computation and sensing. In this book, Zalevsky and Abdulhalim explore one of the key technologies emerging within nanophotonics, that of nano-integrated photonic modulation devices and sensors. The attempt to integrate photonic dynamic devices with microelectronic circuits is becoming a major scientific as well as industrial trend due to the fact that currently processing is mainly achieved using microelectronic chips but transmission, especially for long distances, takes place via optical links. Unlocks the technologies that will turn the rapidly growing research area of nanophotonics into a major area of commercial development, with applications in telecommunications, computing, security and sensing Nano-integrated photonic modulation devices and sensors are the components that will see nanophotonics moving out of the lab into a new generation of products and services By covering the scientific fundamentals alongside technological applications, the authors open up this important multidisciplinary subject to readers from a range of scientific backgrounds
Download or read book Integrated Lasers on Silicon written by Charles Cornet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Lasers on Silicon provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art use of lasers on silicon for photonic integration. The authors demonstrate the need for efficient laser sources on silicon, motivated by the development of on-board/on-chip optical interconnects and the different integration schemes available. The authors include detailed descriptions of Group IV-based lasers, followed by a presentation of the results obtained through the bonding approach (hybrid III-V lasers). The monolithic integration of III-V semiconductor lasers are explored, concluding with a discussion of the different kinds of cavity geometries benchmarked with respect to their potential integration on silicon in an industrial environment. Features a clear description of the advantages, drawbacks, and challenges of laser integration on silicon Serves as a staple reference in the general field of silicon photonics Focuses on the promising developments of hybrid and monolithic III-V lasers on silicon, previously unreviewed Discusses the different kinds of cavity geometries benchmarked with respect to their potential integration on silicon in an industrial environment
Download or read book Organic Nanophotonics written by Fabrice Charra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonics concerns the generation, transport, processing and detection of light. It underlies a large amount of industrial activity, mainly devoted to information technology, telecommunications, environmental monitoring, biomedical science and instrumentation. The field has received a powerful impetus recently with the introduction of nanoscale concepts. Moreover, organic materials now appear as key components in photonic devices such as light-emitting diodes, integrated lasers, or photovoltaic cells. Organic molecular systems offer unique opportunities in nanophotonics since both top-down and bottom-up strategies can be pursued towards the nanoscale. This book gathers the proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop on "Organic Nanophotonics", held in Aix-en-Provence, France, August 25-29, 2002. It constitutes a snapshot of the state of the art in the novel, emerging research area of nanophotonics based on organic molecules and materials.
Download or read book Optical Metamaterials written by Wenshan Cai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamaterials—artificially structured materials with engineered electromagnetic properties—have enabled unprecedented flexibility in manipulating electromagnetic waves and producing new functionalities. This book details recent advances in the study of optical metamaterials, ranging from fundamental aspects to up-to-date implementations, in one unified treatment. Important recent developments and applications such as superlens and cloaking devices are also treated in detail and made understandable. The planned monograph can serve as a very timely book for both newcomers and advanced researchers in this extremely rapid evolving field.
Download or read book Metasurface Holography written by Zi-Lan Deng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The merging of metasurface and holography brings about unprecedented opportunities for versatile manipulation of light in terms of both far-field wavefront and near-field profile. In this book, a brief evolving history from surface plasmon polariton holography to metamaterial holography and finally to metasurface holography is introduced at first. Basic physical mechanisms that govern the phase modulation rules behind metasurface holography design are discussed later. Next, extended functionalities such as arbitrary polarization holography, vectorial holography, full-color holography, and hybrid holography achieved in the metasurface platform are presented. Surface wave and metagrating holography that bridges the on-chip surface wave and free-space wave is also introduced. In the end, we envisage practical applications of high-fidelity 3D holographic display, high-secure encryption, and high capacity digital encoding and also indicate remaining challenges based on metasurface holography.
Download or read book Magnetophotonics written by Mitsuteru Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book merges theoretical and experimental works initiated in 1997 from consideration of periodical artificial dielectric structures comprising magneto-optical materials. Modern advances in magnetophotonics are discussed giving theoretical analyses and demonstrations of the consequences of light interaction with non-reciprocal media of various designs. This first collection of foundational works is devoted to light-to-artificial magnetic matter phenomena and related applications. The subject covers the physical background and the continuing research in the field of magnetophotonics.
Download or read book Handbook of Surface Plasmon Resonance written by Richard B. M. Schasfoort and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) plays a dominant role in real-time interaction sensing of biomolecular binding events, this book provides a total system description including optics, fluidics and sensor surfaces for a wide researcher audience.
Download or read book Neuromorphic Photonics written by Paul R. Prucnal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out to build bridges between the domains of photonic device physics and neural networks, providing a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of "neuromorphic photonics." It includes a thorough discussion of evolution of neuromorphic photonics from the advent of fiber-optic neurons to today’s state-of-the-art integrated laser neurons, which are a current focus of international research. Neuromorphic Photonics explores candidate interconnection architectures and devices for integrated neuromorphic networks, along with key functionality such as learning. It is written at a level accessible to graduate students, while also intending to serve as a comprehensive reference for experts in the field.
Download or read book Semiconductor Nanolasers written by Qing Gu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique resource explains the fundamental physics of semiconductor nanolasers, and provides detailed insights into their design, fabrication, characterization, and applications. Topics covered range from the theoretical treatment of the underlying physics of nanoscale phenomena, such as temperature dependent quantum effects and active medium selection, to practical design aspects, including the multi-physics cavity design that extends beyond pure electromagnetic consideration, thermal management and performance optimization, and nanoscale device fabrication and characterization techniques. The authors also discuss technological applications of semiconductor nanolasers in areas such as photonic integrated circuits and sensing. Providing a comprehensive overview of the field, detailed design and analysis procedures, a thorough investigation of important applications, and insights into future trends, this is essential reading for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in optoelectronics, applied photonics, physics, nanotechnology, and materials science.
Download or read book Optical Switching in Next Generation Data Centers written by Francesco Testa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the optical switching technology for its application to data centers. In addition, it takes a picture of the status of the technology and system architecture evolution and of the research in the area of optical switching in data center. The book is organized in four parts: the first part is focused on the system aspects of optical switching in intra-data center networking, the second part is dedicated to describing the recently demonstrated optical switching networks, the third part deals with the latest technologies developed to enable optical switching and, finally, the fourth part of the book outlines the future prospects and trends.
