Download or read book ACTIVATION SCAVENGING OF AEROSOL written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The interaction of aerosol particles with solar radiation significantly contributes to the global radiation balance. The magnitude of this aerosol-radiation interaction, among other parameters, depends on different aerosol properties, including how readily these particles would act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). These properties are governed by the formation and scavenging processes of aerosol. This dissertation explores some of these scavenging processes. Favorable humidity and preexisting aerosol particles acting as CCN are the sine qua non conditions to form cloud droplets in Earth's atmosphere. Forming cloud droplets (known as activation), meanwhile, acts as a wet scavenging mechanism for those CCN. Given the required humidity, size, and chemical composition of an aerosol particle, determine its probability to activate. Through targeted experiments in a cloudy, turbulent environment in Michigan Tech's Î chamber, we show that turbulent fluctuation blurs correspondence between activation and a particle's size and chemical composition. We also show that turbulence enhances the activation efficiency and can mimic the effect of heterogeneity in the size and chemical composition of the aerosol particles. In the absence of clouds, we discuss how turbulence affects the dry scavenging of aerosol particles. Finally, we propose an operational protocol to improve the temporal resolution of an instrument that counts the number of CCN present in an environment as a function of supersaturation (i.e., relative humidity > 100%) 100%)
Download or read book Scavenging of Radioactive Particulate Matter and Aerosols in Connection with Nuclear Reactor Operation written by Jan Rosiński and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a summary of research carried out over a 16 month period on scavenging and removal of radioactive aerosols and iodine from the atmosphere of the containment vessel, prevention of aerosol formation from fuel elements, and miscellaneous problems connected with safety of operation of nuclear reactors.
Download or read book Scavenging of Aerosol Particles by Precipitation written by Anne-Marie Leduc and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fractional Activation of Accumulation mode Aerosols in Continental Stratiform Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concentration, size and composition of cloud droplets are important variables influencing radiative and chemical properties of clouds, as well as the potential for precipitation formation and scavenging. Since cloud droplets form on pre-existing aerosol particles, these variables depend strongly on the microphysical process of activation of such particles into droplets. Of particular interest is the role of anthropogenic aerosols in modifying regional and global climate and atmospheric chemistry. This study investigates the partitioning of in-cloud particles between activated cloud droplets, CD, and unactivated, interstitial accumulation-mode particles, AMP. It is based on aircraft measurements of particle concentrations (N) in stratiform clouds near Syracuse, NY. The magnitude, variation and dependence of the activated fraction F [triple bond] N[sub cd]/N[sub tot], where N[sub tot] = N[sub cd] + N[sub amp], are studied.
Download or read book Scavenging of Aerosol Particles by a Falling Water Drop written by Kuo-Yann Lai and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Download or read book A Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Scavenging of Aerosol Particles by Water Drops written by Pao-Kuan Wang and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Clouds written by Dennis Lamb and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds affect our daily weather and play key roles in the global climate. Through their ability to precipitate, clouds provide virtually all of the fresh water on Earth and are a crucial link in the hydrologic cycle. With ever-increasing importance being placed on quantifiable predictions - from forecasting the local weather to anticipating climate change - we must understand how clouds operate in the real atmosphere, where interactions with natural and anthropogenic pollutants are common. This textbook provides students - whether seasoned or new to the atmospheric sciences - with a quantitative yet approachable path to learning the inner workings of clouds. Developed over many years of the authors' teaching at Pennsylvania State University, Physics and Chemistry of Clouds is an invaluable textbook for advanced students in atmospheric science, meteorology, environmental sciences/engineering and atmospheric chemistry. It is also a very useful reference text for researchers and professionals.
Download or read book A Numerical Study of Aerosol Scavenging by Ice Crystals written by Renyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerosol Scavenging by Natural Ice Crystals written by David P. Sauter and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols written by Colin D. O'Dowd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10 with total page 1275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere: they form the seeds for cloud droplets and they form haze layers, blocking out incoming radiation and contributing to a partial cooling of our climate. They also contribute to poor air quality and health impacts. A large fraction of aerosols are formed from nucleation processes – that is a phase transition from vapour to liquid or solid particles. Examples are the formation of stable clusters about 1 nm in size from molecular collisions and these in turn can grow into larger (100 nm or more) haze particles via condensation to the formation of ice crystals in mixed phase or cold clouds. This book brings together the leading experts from the nucleation and atmospheric aerosols research communities to present the current state-of-the-art knowledge in these related fields. Topics covered are: Nucleation Experiment & Theory, Binary, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation, Ion & Cluster Properties During Nucleation, Aerosol Characterisation & Properties, Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth, Marine Aerosol Production, Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Chemical Composition & Cloud Drop Activation, Remote Sensing of aerosol & clouds and Air Quality-Climate Interactions
Download or read book A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
Download or read book Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics written by John H. Seinfeld and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded and updated with new findings and new features New chapter on Global Climate providing a self-contained treatment of climate forcing, feedbacks, and climate sensitivity New chapter on Atmospheric Organic Aerosols and new treatment of the statistical method of Positive Matrix Factorization Updated treatments of physical meteorology, atmospheric nucleation, aerosol-cloud relationships, chemistry of biogenic hydrocarbons Each topic developed from the fundamental science to the point of application to real-world problems New problems at an introductory level to aid in classroom teaching
Download or read book Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation written by H.R. Pruppacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.
Download or read book Integrated Systems of Meso Meteorological and Chemical Transport Models written by Alexander Baklanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as the outcome of the COST-728/NetFAM workshop, focuses on the following main topics: 1) on-line coupled meteorology-chemistry modelling with two-way feedbacks, 2) off-line coupled modelling and interfaces, 3) validation and case studies including air quality related episodes, and 4) integration of atmospheric chemical transport (ACT) models with numerical weather prediction (NWP). This book is one of the first attempts to give an overall look on such integrated meso-meteorology and chemistry modelling approach. It reviews the current situation with the on-line and off-line coupling of mesoscale meteorological and ACT models worldwide as well as discusses advantages and shortcomings, best practices, and gives recommendations for on-line and off-line coupling of NWP and ACT models, implementation strategy for different feedback mechanisms, direct and indirect effects of aerosols and advanced interfaces between both types of models. The book is oriented towards numerical weather prediction and air quality modelling communities.
Download or read book Vapor Scavenging by Atmospheric Aerosol Particles written by Elisabeth Andrews and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle growth due to vapor scavenging was studied using both experimental and computational techniques. Vapor scavenging by particles is an important physical process in the atmosphere because it can result in changes to particle properties (e.g., size, shape, composition, and activity) and, thus, influence atmospheric phenomena in which particles play a role, such as cloud formation and long range transport. In the modelling portion of this thesis, the influence of organic vapor on the evolution of a particle mass size distribution was investigated using a modified version of MAEROS (a multicomponent aerosol dynamics code) (Gelbard and Seinfeld, 1984). The modelling study attempted to identify the sources of organic aerosol observed by Novakov and Penner (1993) in a field study in Puerto Rico. Potential sources were hypothesized to be organic vapor emissions from either forest vegetation near the sampling site or from the ocean's surfactant layer followed by gas-to-particle conversion. Comparison of model parameters with literature values suggested that the observed organic aerosol was formed by nucleation and condensation of terpene vapor emissions onto a preexisting typical marine aerosol size distribution. Organic vapor emissions from the ocean were found to be an unlikely source of the observed organic aerosol. Experimentally, vapor scavenging and particle growth were investigated using two techniques. The influence of the presence of organic in a particle on the particle's hydroscopicity was investigated using an electrodynamic balance. It was found that, for a Tween80/NaCl system, having organic associated with an inorganic salt particle slowed the deliquescence rate of the particle. Additionally, for the Tween80/NaCl system the deliquescence humidity was lowered due to the presence of organic--suggesting an increase in particle hydroscopicity. It was also shown that the presence of an organic carbon (e.g., azelaic acid, Tween80 or dodecyl sulfate sodium salt) on a carbon block particle made the carbon block particle hygrophilic, while a pure carbon black particle was observed to be hydrophobic. The charge on a particle (which is required for study of a particle in the electrodynamic balance) was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Particle charge was found to have a negligible effect on particle growth in electrodynamic balance studies. A prototype apparatus--the refractive index thermal diffusion chamber (RITDC)--was developed to study multiple particles in the same environment at the same time. Proof of concept experiments showed that it is possible to determine particle composition with time from changes in particle refractive index measured using the RITDC. Further refinements to the apparatus were suggested.
Download or read book Tropospheric Modelling and Emission Estimation written by Adolf Ebel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end result of policy-related experimental and theoretical scientific work on the abatement of atmospheric emissions is a hierarchy of computer models that can be used to analyse and predict the behaviour of pollutants on urban, local regional and global scales. Such models are required to simulate an extremely complex natural situation in which a non-linear chemistry must be included together with the vagaries of the meteorology and the terrain. This book describes recent advances in the development and application of models on all scales, and in the techniques for the estimation and verification of emissions. It includes reviews of recent work together with detailed results and provides a useful picture of the field in a European context.
