Download or read book Actinide and Lanthanide Species in Ionic Liquid and in Supercritical CO2 written by Yu-Jung Liao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When UO2 and Nd2 O3 are dissolved in [Bmim][Tf2 N] containing TBP(HNO3 )1.8 (H 2 O)0.6 , the major uranyl and neodymium species are identified to be UO2 (NO3 )2 (TBP)2 and Nd(NO 3 )3 (TBP)3 in the IL phase, respectively. The solubilities and distribution ratios of UO2 (NO3 )2 (TBP) 2 and Nd(NO3 )3 (TBP)3 in sc-CO 2 phase are also measured by a high-pressure fiber-optic cell connected to a CCD array detector. The separation of uranyl and neodymium species from IL phase to sc-CO2 phase can be achieved by ligand exchange with a N,N,N'N'-tetrabutyldiglycolamide (TBDGA) in the IL solution. Complexes of (UO2 )2+ and Nd3+ with TBDGA are not soluble in sc-CO2 and Nd3+ forms a stronger complex with TBDGA than (UO2 )2+ in [Bmim][Tf2 N]. Competition between (UO2 )2+ and Nd3+ in this ligand exchange process provides a means for separation of UO 2 (NO3 )2 (TBP)2 and Nd(NO3 ) 3 (TBP)3 in the IL/sc-CO2 coupled extraction process. With a proper ratio of TBDGA to uranium and neodymium, the separation factor of [UO22+ ]/[Nd3+ ] can be as large as about 50. The IL/sc-CO2 hyphenated extraction techniques described in this dissertation may have potential applications in dissolution/extraction/separation of lanthanides and actinides existed in spent nuclear fuel and other nuclear wastes.

Download or read book Utilizing Supercritical CO2 and Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Actinides and Lanthanides written by Donna Ly Quach Baek and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were used as non-conventional solvents for the investigation of actinide and lanthanide extraction and separation in this dissertation. Nuclear waste management is traditionally facilitated by the Plutonium Uranium Reduction EXtraction process, better known as the PUREX process. The drawback to this important process is the production of hazardous organic and aqueous waste. RTILs and sc-CO2 have inherent benefits over using hydrocarbon solvents, such as low volatility and minimizing secondary liquid waste generation. A brief review of actinide and lanthanide extraction and separation using traditional solvents, sc-CO2, and RTILs is presented. To be able to optimize extraction efficiencies, the understanding of solvation, speciation, and complexation behavior of lanthanides and actinides in RTILs, sc-CO2 and RTIL/sc-CO2 mixtures is important. Thus, the coordination of U(VI) with nitrate and TBP dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4MIM][Tf2N]) containing tetrabutylammonium nitrate (TBAN), nitric acid, or TBAN and TBP via ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy was studied. Tristructual isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles are used in very high temperature reactors to achieve higher burnup levels; however, recycling techniques have not been fully developed. Included in this dissertation is an investigation using sc-CO2 with TBP to extract U(VI) from TRISO fuel particles, which have been exposed to gamma irradiation. Also, mechanical crushing of TRISO fuel particles is currently the only method to expose the uranium for extraction; thus radioactive contamination is an issue. Ultrasound was applied to TRISO fuel particles in an enclosed pressure vessel in the attempt to fracture the fuel in liquid CO2 and extract U(VI). Furthermore, various actinides and lanthanides are present in used nuclear fuel that need to be extracted and separated from each other to recover uranium as the product and reduce the radiotoxicity of the waste requiring storage. The extraction and separation of uranium from the actinides neptunium, plutonium and americium and the lanthanide series were studied. These species were extracted from a range of nitric acid concentrations, in the absence of, or in the presence of, a number of traditional reducing and/or complexing agents by sc-CO2 modified with TBP to demonstrate the separation of these metals from uranium under sc-CO2 conditions.

Download or read book Ionic Liquid and Supercritical Fluid Hyphenated Techniques for Dissolution and Separation of Lanthanides Actinides and Fission Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is investigating techniques involving ionic liquids (IL) and supercritical (SC) fluids for dissolution and separation of lanthanides, actinides, and fission products. The research project consists of the following tasks: Study direct dissolution of lanthanide oxides, uranium dioxide and other actinide oxides in [bmin][Tf2N] with TBP(HNO3){sub 1.8}(H2O){sub 0.6} and similar types of Lewis acid-Lewis base complexing agents; Measure distributions of dissolved metal species between the IL and the sc-CO2 phases under various temperature and pressure conditions; Investigate the chemistry of the dissolved metal species in both IL and sc-CO2 phases using spectroscopic and chemical methods; Evaluate potential applications of the new extraction techniques for nuclear waste management and for other projects. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and ionic liquids are considered green solvents for chemical reactions and separations. Above the critical point, CO2 has both gas- and liquid-like properties, making it capable of penetrating small pores of solids and dissolving organic compounds in the solid matrix. One application of sc-CO2 extraction technology is nuclear waste management. Ionic liquids are low-melting salts composed of an organic cation and an anion of various forms, with unique properties making them attractive replacements for the volatile organic solvents traditionally used in liquid-liquid extraction processes. One type of room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation [bmin] with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion [Tf2N] is of particular interest for extraction of metal ions due to its water stability, relative low viscosity, high conductivity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. Recent studies indicate that a coupled IL sc-CO2 extraction system can effectively transfer trivalent lanthanide and uranyl ions from nitric acid solutions. Advantages of this technique include operation at ambient temperature and pressure, selective extraction due to tunable sc-CO2 solvation strength, no IL loss during back-extraction, and no organic solvent introduced into the IL phase.

Download or read book Lanthanides And Actinides The Synthesis Reactivity Properties And Applications written by Stephen T Liddle and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lanthanides and Actinides: Synthesis, Reactivity, Properties and Applications constitutes an introduction to and comprehensive coverage of f-block chemistry encompassing the following areas: periodicity, natural occurrence and extraction, separations, electronic structure, coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, small molecule activation, catalysis, organic synthesis applications, magnetism, spectroscopy, computation, materials, photonics, solar cell technology, biological imaging, and technological applications. Under these subject areas the book provides a broad but deep coverage, providing basic overviews as well as detailed chapters on specific areas.This book, targeted at academics, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, will serve as an ideal introductory text and key reference work to the Lanthanides and Actinides.

Download or read book Metal Sustainability written by Reed M. Izatt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sustainable use of natural resources is an important global challenge, and improved metal sustainability is a crucial goal for the 21st century in order to conserve the supply of critical metals and mitigate the environmental and health issues resulting from unrecovered metals. Metal Sustainability: Global Challenges, Consequences and Prospects discusses important topics and challenges associated with sustainability in metal life cycles, from mining ore to beneficiation processes, to product manufacture, to recovery from end-of-life materials, to environmental and health concerns resulting from generated waste. The broad perspective presented highlights the global interdependence of the many stages of metal life cycles. Economic issues are emphasized and relevant environmental, health, political, industrial and societal issues are discussed. The importance of applying green chemistry principles to metal sustainability is emphasized. Topics covered include: • Recycling and sustainable utilization of precious and specialty metals • Formal and informal recycling from electronic and other high-tech wastes • Global management of electronic wastes • Metal reuse and recycling in developing countries • Effects of toxic and other metal releases on the environment and human health • Effect on bacteria of toxic metal release • Selective recovery of platinum group metals and rare earth metals • Metal sustainability from a manufacturing perspective • Economic perspectives on sustainability, mineral development, and metal life cycles • Closing the Loop – Minerals Industry Issues The aim of this book is to improve awareness of the increasingly important role metals play in our high-tech society, the need to conserve our metal supply throughout the metal life cycle, the importance of improved metal recycling, and the effects that unhindered metal loss can have on the environment and on human health.

Download or read book Lanthanides and Actinides written by K. W. Bagnall and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standardization and Quality Assurance in Fluorescence Measurements I written by Ute Resch-Genger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical chemists and materials scientists will find this a useful addition to their armory. The contributors have sought to highlight the present state of affairs in the validation and quality assurance of fluorescence measurements, as well as the need for future standards. Methods included range from steady-state fluorometry and microfluorometry, microscopy, and micro-array technology, to time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence depolarization imaging techniques.

Download or read book The Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides in Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide presents an attractive alternative to conventional solvents for recovery of the actinides and lanthanides. Carbon dioxide is a good solvent for fluorine and phosphate-containing ligands, including the traditional tributylphosphate ligand used in process-scale uranium separations. Actinide and lanthanide oxides may even be directly dissolved in carbon dioxide containing the complexes formed between these ligands and mineral acids, obviating the need for large volumes of acids for leaching and dissolution, and the corresponding organic liquid-liquid solvent extraction solutions. As a result, examples of the application of this novel technology for actinide and lanthanide separations are presented.

Download or read book Nuclear Waste Management written by Paul W. Wang and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This symposium series book presents leading-edge research in the area of nuclear waste management conducted through the EMSP.

Download or read book Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis written by Mihkel Koel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-09 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Overview of a Rapidly Expanding Area in Chemistry Exploring the future in chemical analysis research, Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis focuses on materials that promise entirely new ways to perform solution chemistry. It provides a broad overview of the applications of ionic liquids in various areas of analytical chemistry, in

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Separations Chemistry written by Fedor Macá¿ek and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GLAM

Download or read book Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry written by Simon Cotton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only introduction into the exciting chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides. The book is based on a number of courses on "f elements" The author has a long experience in teaching this field of chemistry Lanthanides have become very common elements in research and technology applications; this book offers the basic knowledge The book offers insights into a vast range of applications, from lasers to synthesis The Inorganic Chemistry: A Textbook series reflects the pivotal role of modern inorganic and physical chemistry in a whole range of emerging areas, such as materials chemistry, green chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry, as well as providing a solid grounding in established areas such as solid state chemistry, coordination chemistry, main group chemistry and physical inorganic chemistry. Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry is a one-volume account of the Lanthanides (including scandium and yttrium), the Actinides and the Transactinide elements, intended as an introductory treatment for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The principal features of these elements are set out in detail, enabling clear comparison and contrast with the Transition Elements and Main Group metals. The book covers the extraction of the elements from their ores and their purification, as well as the synthesis of the man-made elements; the properties of the elements and principal binary compounds; detailed accounts of their coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry, from both preparative and structural viewpoints, with a clear explanation of the factors responsible for the adoption of particular coordination numbers; spectroscopy and magnetism, especially for the lanthanides, with case studies and accounts of applications in areas like magnetic resonance imaging, lasers and luminescence; nuclear separations and problems in waste disposal for the radioactive elements, particularly in the context of plutonium. Latest developments are covered in areas like the synthesis of the latest man-made elements, whilst there is a whole chapter on the application of lanthanide compounds in synthetic organic chemistry. End-of-chapter questions suitable for tutorial discussions are provided, whilst there is a very comprehensive bibliography providing ready access to further reading on all topics.

Download or read book Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II written by J. A. McCleverty and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 11845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II (CCC II) is the sequel to what has become a classic in the field, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, published in 1987. CCC II builds on the first and surveys new developments authoritatively in over 200 newly comissioned chapters, with an emphasis on current trends in biology, materials science and other areas of contemporary scientific interest.

Download or read book Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates written by F Dwyer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates focuses on the structure and properties of metal chelates, as well as bond types, stereochemistry, and optical phenomena. The selection first offers information on historical background and fundamental concepts and the nature of metal-ligand bond. Discussions focus on the structure and stability of metal chelates, bond types and characteristic properties, classes of acceptor metal atoms, and metal-metal bonds in complex compounds. The text also touches on bidentate chelates, design and stereochemistry of multidentate chelating agents, and optical phenomena in metal chelates. The publication ponders on oxidation-reduction potentials as functions of donor atom and ligand and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and related substances. Topics include liquid junction potentials, reversibility, measurement of redox potentials, ethylenediaminetetraacetato chelate couples, and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The text also takes a look at metal chelates in biological systems and physical and coordination chemistry of tetrapyrrole pigments. The manuscript is a vital reference for senior students, research workers, biologists, and medical scientists interested in the chemistry of metal chelates.

Download or read book Rare Metal Technology 2020 written by Gisele Azimi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Rare metals include strategic metals that are in increasing demand and subject to supply risks. Metals represented include neodymium, dysprosium, scandium and others; platinum group metals including platinum, palladium, iridium, and others; battery related metals including lithium, cobalt, nickel, and aluminum; electronics-related materials including copper and gold; and refectory metals including titanium, niobium, zirconium, and hafnium. Other critical materials such as gallium, germanium, indium and silicon are also included. Papers cover various processing techniques, including but not limited to hydrometallurgy (solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, and crystallization), electrometallurgy (electrorefining and electrowinning), pyrometallurgy, and aeriometallurgy (supercritical fluid extraction). Contributions are focused on primary production as well as secondary production through urban mining and recycling to enable a circular economy. ​A useful resource for all involved in commodity metal production, irrespective of the major metal Provides knowledge of cross-application among industries Extraction and processing of rare metals that are the main building block of many emerging critical technologies have been receiving significant attention in recent years. The technologies that rely on critical metals are prominent worldwide, and finding a way to extract and supply them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial.