Download or read book Acoustic Tagging Effects on Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Swimming Performance Growth Post surgical Wound Healing Survival and Metabolic Rate in Freshwater and Saltwater written by Alison Laureen Collins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Performance of Acoustic tagged and PIT tagged Juvenile Salmonids written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous research tools and technologies are currently being used to evaluate fish passage and survival to determine the impacts of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) on endangered and threatened juvenile salmonids, including PIT tags, balloon tags, hydroacoustic evaluations, radio telemetry, and acoustic telemetry. Each has advantages and disadvantages, but options are restricted in some situations because of limited capabilities of a specific technology, lack of detection capability downstream, or availability of adequate numbers of fish. However, there remains concern about the comparative effects of the tag or the tagging procedure on fish performance. The recently developed Juvenile Salmonid Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) acoustic transmitter is the smallest active acoustic tag currently available. The goal of this study was to determine whether fish tagged with the JSATS acoustic-telemetry tag can provide unbiased estimates of passage behavior and survival within the performance life of the tag. We conducted both field and laboratory studies to assess tag effects. For the field evaluation we released a total of 996 acoustic-tagged fish in conjunction with 21,026 PIT-tagged fish into the tailrace of Lower Granite Dam on 6 and 13 May. Travel times between release and downstream dams were not significantly different for the majority of the reaches between acoustic-tagged and PIT-tagged fish. In addition to the field evaluation, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if growth and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters is different than untagged or PIT tagged juvenile Chinook salmon. Only yearling fish with integrated and non-integrated transmitters experienced mortalities, and these were low (
Download or read book Surgically Implanted JSATS Micro acoustic Transmitters Effects on Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Tag Expulsion and Survival 2010 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate survival model assumptions associated with a concurrent study - Acoustic Telemetry Evaluation of Dam Passage Survival and Associated Metrics at John Day, The Dalles, and Bonneville Dams, 2010 by Thomas Carlson and others in 2010 - in which the Juvenile Salmonid Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) was used to estimate the survival of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) migrating through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). The micro-acoustic transmitter used in these studies is the smallest acoustic transmitter model to date (12 mm long x 5 mm wide x 4 mm high, and weighing 0.43 g in air). This study and the 2010 study by Carlson and others were conducted by researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of Washington for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, to meet requirements set forth by the 2008 FCRPS Biological Opinion. In 2010, we compared survival, tag burden, and tag expulsion in five spring groups of yearling Chinook salmon (YCH) and steelhead (STH) and five summer groups of subyearling Chinook salmon (SYC) to evaluate survival model assumptions described in the concurrent study. Each tagging group consisted of approximately 120 fish/species, which were collected and implanted on a weekly basis, yielding approximately 600 fish total/species. YCH and STH were collected and implanted from late April to late May (5 weeks) and SYC were collected and implanted from mid-June to mid-July (5 weeks) at the John Day Dam Smolt Monitoring Facility. The fish were collected once a week, separated by species, and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) Control (no surgical treatment), (2) Sham (surgical implantation of only a passive integrated transponder [PIT] tag), and (3) Tagged (surgical implantation of JSATS micro-acoustic transmitter [AT] and PIT tags). The test fish were held for 30 days in indoor circular tanks at the Bonneville Dam Juvenile Monitoring Facility. Overall mortality ranged weekly from 45 to 72% for YCH, 55 to 83% for STH, and 56 to 84% for SYC. The high background mortality in all groups and species made it difficult to discern tag effects. However, for YCH, STH, and SYC, the Tagged treatment groups had the highest overall mean mortality - 62%, 79%, and 76%, respectively. Fungal infections were found on 35% of all fish. Mean tag burden for the Tagged treatment group was relatively low for YCH (1.7%) and moderate for SYC (4.2%), while STH had a very low mean tag burden (0.7%). Tag burden was significantly higher in the Tagged treatment group for all species when compared to the Sham treatment group because of the presence of two tags. Surgeon performance did not contribute to the difference in mortality between the Sham and Tagged treatment groups. Tag expulsion from fish that survived to the end of the 30-day experiment was low but occurred in all species, with only two PIT tags and one AT lost, one tag per species. The high background mortality in this experiment was not limited to a treatment, temperature, or month. The decreased number of surviving fish influenced our experimental results and thus analyses. For future research, we recommend that a more natural exposure to monitor tag effects and other factors, such as swimming ability and predator avoidance, be considered to determine the effects of AT- and PIT- implantation on fishes.
Download or read book The Atlantic Salmon written by Eric Verspoor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World’s highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World’s largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation. This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.
Download or read book Influence of Incision Location on Transmitter Loss Healing Incision Lengths Suture Retention and Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, we measured differences in survival and growth, incision openness, transmitter loss, wound healing, and erythema among abdominal incisions on the linea alba, lateral and parallel to the linea alba (muscle-cutting), and following the underlying muscle fibers (muscle-sparing). A total of 936 juvenile Chinook salmon were implanted with both Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Tracking System transmitters (0.43 g dry) and passive integrated transponder tags. Fish were held at 12°C (n = 468) or 20°C (n = 468) and examined once weekly over 98 days. We found survival and growth did not differ among incision groups or between temperature treatment groups. Incisions on the linea alba had less openness than muscle-cutting and muscle-sparing incisions during the first 14 days when fish were held at 12°C or 20°C. Transmitter loss was not different among incision locations by day 28 when fish were held at 12°C or 20°C. However, incisions on the linea alba had greater transmitter loss than muscle-cutting and muscle-sparing incisions by day 98 at 12°C. Results for wound closure and erythema differed among temperature groups. Results from our study will be used to improve fish-tagging procedures for future studies using acoustic or radio transmitters.
Download or read book Influence of Incision Location on Transmitter Loss Healing Incision Length Suture Retention and Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon written by Jennifer Lynne Panther and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Swimming Performance and Muscle Function in Juvenile California Salmon written by Shana Michelle Katzman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fish Energetics written by Peter Tytler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is almost thirty years since Professor G. G. Winberg established the basis for experimental studies in fish energetics with the publication of his monograph, Rate of Metabolism and Food Requirements of Fishes. His ultimate aim was to develop a scientific approach to fish culture and management, and the immense volume of literature generated in the ensuing years has been mainly in response to the demand for information from a rapidly expanding, world-wide aquaculture industry and to the shortcomings of contemporary practices in fisheries management. The purpose of this book is not to review this literature compre hensively, but, assuming an informed readership, to focus attention on topics in which new knowledge and theory are beginning to be applied in practice. Most emphasis has been placed on food; feeding; production (growth and reproduction) and energy budgeting, as these have most influence on the development of fish culture. Some chapters offer practical advice for the selection of methods, and warn of pitfalls in previous approaches. In others the influence of new theory on the interpretation of studies in fish energetics is discussed in the context of resource allocation and adaptation. We hope that the scope of material presented here will have sufficient interest and value to help significantly to fulfil Winberg's original objectives.
Download or read book Biology of Stress in Fish written by Carl B. Schreck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Stress in Fish: Fish Physiology provides a general understanding on the topic of stress biology, including most of the recent advances in the field. The book starts with a general discussion of stress, providing answers to issues such as its definition, the nature of the physiological stress response, and the factors that affect the stress response. It also considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response, how the stress response is generated and controlled, its effect on physiological and organismic function and performance, and applied assessment of stress, animal welfare, and stress as related to model species. Provides the definitive reference on stress in fish as written by world-renowned experts in the field Includes the most recent advances and up-to-date thinking about the causes of stress in fish, their implications, and how to minimize the negative effects Considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response
Download or read book Viability Growth Development and Performance of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka Exposed to Neonicotinoid Pesticides written by Sean Engelking and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) exposed from 1 h post-fertilization to the swim-up fry developmental stage were evaluated using a gravel-bed flume incubator designed to simulate a natural streambed environment. This chronic exposure tested nominal imidacloprid concentrations of 0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 μg/L to investigate the effects on hatching success and timing, deformity rates and growth. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin, and mixtures of all three on burst swimming performance and routine metabolism in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were also examined after acute 96-h exposures. There was no evidence that chronic exposures impacted growth, development, hatch timing and success or survival in sockeye salmon during the embryonic pre-hatch and post-hatch alevin developmental stages. There was also no evidence that acute exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of neonicotinoids impacted swim performance or routine metabolism in swim-up fry.
Download or read book Determine the Influence of Time Held In Knockdown Anesthesia on Survival and Stress of Surgically Implanted Juvenile Salmonids written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) was developed for the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Portland District (USACE) to address questions related to survival and performance measures of juvenile salmonids as they pass through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). Researchers using JSATS acoustic transmitters (ATs) were tasked with standardizing the surgical implantation procedure to ensure that the stressors of handling and surgery on salmonids were consistent and less likely to cause effects of tagging in survival studies. Researchers questioned whether the exposure time in 'knockdown' anesthesia (or induction) to prepare fish for surgery could influence the survival of study fish (CBSPSC 2011). Currently, fish are held in knockdown anesthesia after they reach Stage 4 anesthesia until the completion of the surgical implantation of a transmitter, varies from 5 to 15 minutes for studies conducted in the Columbia Basin. The Columbia Basin Surgical Protocol Steering Committee (CBSPSC) expressed concern that its currently recommended 10-minute maximum time limit during which fish are held in anesthetic - tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222, 80 mg L-1 water) - could increase behavioral and physiological costs, and/or decrease survival of outmigrating juvenile salmonids. In addition, the variability in the time fish are held at Stage 4 could affect the data intended for direct comparison of fish within or among survival studies. Under the current recommended protocol, if fish exceed the 10-minute time limit, they are to be released without surgical implantation, thereby increasing the number of fish handled and endangered species 'take' at the bypass systems for FCRPS survival studies.
Download or read book Differences in the Swimming Performance and Morphology of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka a Comparison of Inlet and Outlet Fry Populations written by Lucas Benjamin Pon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aquatic Telemetry written by COISPA tecnologia & ricerca and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth Conference on Fish Telemetry held in Europe, organized by COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca in June 2003, brought together researchers and fisheries biologists involved in telemetry (the remote measurement of biological variables) and biotelemetry studies on marine and freshwater ecosystems. The central theme of the conference was the interdisciplinary approach to provide the scientific basis for the conservation and rational management of natural resources. This Conference has particular relevance for all those involved in the field if fish ecology, aquaculture and fisheries management.
Download or read book Swimming Performance Metabolic Rate and Recovery of Adult Pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus Spp with Consideration of Temperature Effects microform written by Chris G. Lee and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2002 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Migration in Fishes written by James D. McCleave and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last major synthesis of our knowledge of fish migration and the underlying transport and guidance phenomena, both physical and biological, was "Fish Migration" published 16 years ago by F.R. Harden Jones (1968). That synthesis was based largely upon what could be gleaned by classical fishery-biology techni.ques, such as tagging and recapture studies, commercial fishing statistics, and netting and trapping studies. Despite the fact that Harden Jones also provided, with a good deal of thought and speculation, a theoretical basis for studying the various aspects of fish migration and migratory orientation, progress in this field has been, with a few excepti.ons, piecemeal and more disjointed than might have been expected. Thus we welcomed the approach from the NATO Marine Sciences Programme Panel and the encouragement from F.R. Harden Jones to develop a proprosal for, and ultimately to organize, a NATO Advanced Research Institute (ARI) on mechanisms of fish migration. Substantial progress had been made with descriptive, analytical and predictive approaches to fish migration since the appearance of "Fish ~ligration." Both because of the progress and the often conflicting results of research, we felt that the time was again right and the effort justified to synthesize and to critically assess our knowledge. Our ultimate aim was to identify the gains and shortcomings and to develop testable hypotheses for the next decade or two.
Download or read book Within and among individual variation in metabolic rate in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar written by Karen J. Millidine and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals may adopt a range of energy strategies to persist and perhaps prosper under various prevailing environmental conditions. For example, they may achieve similar growth by investing heavily in maintaining a high capacity food capture and processing system or by using a lower capacity system that is cheap to run but which is less effective at accruing further resources. The way that individuals within species allocate energy resources is an intriguing issue that has implications for understanding competition, population structuring and the response of populations to environmental change. Energy budgets account quantitatively for the pathways by which food energy results in variation in somatic resources and constitute an important basis for evaluating links between behaviour and aspects of performance. Atlantic salmon have been an important model for exploring relationships between growth performance, metabolic strategies and individual behaviour. Juvenile salmonid fish have been a particularly useful subject for exploring individual variation in metabolism because it has been possible to relate standard metabolic rate (SMR) to behavioural traits and lifestyle within a species. SMR correlates with dominance status, which is reflected in the ability of fish to access high value food patches and may promote faster growth under some conditions. This thesis focuses on the within- and among-individual variation in SMR and looks at how a fishÂ's external environment and social interactions can influence its SMR, and whether this variation in SMR can affect other aspects of metabolism such as feeding. Experiments were carried out to determine: (A) whether the presence of a shelter reduces SMR; this may provide an additional reason for the extent to which these fish will compete aggressively for shelters when these are limiting (Chapter 2); (B) the extent of intraspecific variation in SDA (i.e. differences in the measured parameters that are used to define SDA), and to test whether the SDA for a given meal varies as a function of individual traits such as SMR. If SMR is directly related to scope for growth, then the speed and size of the SDA response should also correlate with SMR (Chapter 3); (C) whether ventilation rate is sufficiently accurately related to metabolic rate (MR) at a range of temperatures and activities so as to allow energy expenditure to be predicted outside a respirometer (Chapter 4); and (D) how visual isolation and the presence of a conspecific can affect SMR, using the method developed in the previous chapter (Chapter 5). Access to shelter was shown to have a significant impact on SMR, producing on average a 30% increase in metabolic costs in the absence of shelter. Therefore, the presence of appropriate shelter not only reduces the risk of predation but also provides a metabolic benefit to fish that is likely to have implications for growth performance and activity budgets. Variation in SMR was shown to affect the profile of energy consumption during digestion of a meal. The peak in post-prandial oxygen consumption, the duration of elevated metabolism and the overall magnitude of SDA all increased with the size of meal consumed. However, for a given meal size, fish with a higher SMR also had a higher peak and greater magnitude of SDA, yet experienced a shorter duration over which metabolism was elevated following the meal. Intraspecific variation in SMR is thus linked to variation in digestive strategies, although the costs and benefits of a given SMR are likely to vary with resource availability and predictability. Ventilation frequency was shown to be a good correlate of MR, since MR was found to correlate strongly with VR in all fish tested, at all temperatures and the relationship was independent of causal factor. The relationship was linear, and both the slope and corresponding intercept of the regression equation were strongly dependent on the fishÂ's body weight and the test temperature. Visual measurements of VR may therefore provide a highly accurate, cheap and non-invasive method of measuring the energy consumption of fish engaged in natural behaviours. Comparing SMR of individual fish when alone with response to presence and absence of physical shelters showed that all fish exhibited a reduction in SMR when provided with an appropriate shelter. However, when grouped, there were both positive and negative group effects on SMR depending on the relative size of fish. The consequences are that, although the group effect on SMR may be small on average, at the population level it is large, of variable sign and profoundly important in terms of the overall energy budget at the individual level. This thesis therefore shows that metabolic rates can vary extensively within as well as between individuals, depending on the context, and this variation will have profound effects on overall energy budgets.
Download or read book Physiological Adaptations to Swimming in Fish written by Josep V. Planas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swimming is an integral part of the life history of many fish species as is intimately linked with their ability to express feeding and predator avoidance behaviors, habitat selection and environmental preferences, social and reproductive behaviors as well as migratory behaviors. Therefore, swimming is an important determinant factor of fitness in a true Darwinian sense and, not surprisingly, swimming performance has been often used as a measure of physiological fitness in fish. The main aim of this Research Topic is to showcase some of the current studies designed to improve our understanding of the physiological energetic and metabolic requirements of swimming and of the adaptive responses to swimming in fish.
