Download or read book Acoustic Clutter and Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing OAWRS in Continental Shelf Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic clutter is the primary problem encountered by active sonar systems operating in Continental Shelf environments. Clutter is defined as any return from the environment that stands prominently above the diffuse and temporally decaying reverberation background and so can be confused with or camouflage returns from an intended target such as an underwater vehicle. Many environmental factors may contribute to acoustic clutter and adversely affect the performance of tactical Navy sonar by introducing false alarms in the system. In order to develop adaptive algorithms or technology to mitigate acoustic clutter, it is critical to identify, understand, and be able to accurately model the leading order physical mechanisms which cause clutter in existing sonar systems. The long-term goal of this program is to determine and understand the physical mechanisms that cause acoustic clutter in continental shelf environments and to use this knowledge to develop predictive tools to enhance the detection, localization and classification of underwater targets.

Download or read book Sensing Animal Group Behavior and Bio clutter in the Ocean Over Continental Shelf Scales written by Jagannathan Srinivasan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish populations often comprise the largest biomass in a productive marine ecosystem. They typically play an essential role in inter-trophic energy transport, and serve as a mainstay for human consumption comprising roughly 16% of the animal protein consumed by the world's population. Despite their ecological importance, there is substantial evidence that fish populations are declining worldwide, motivating the need for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management through ecosystem scale sensing of fish populations and behavior. In this Thesis, it is shown how the recently developed Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) technique can be used to (1) quantify the acoustic scattering response of fish and remotely infer their physiological characteristics to enable species classification, and (2) remotely assess shoaling populations and quantify their group behavior in a variety of oceanic ecosystems. Shoal dynamics is studied by developing a novel Minimum Energy Flow (MEF) method to extract velocity and force fields driving motion from time-varying density images describing compressible or incompressible motion. The MEF method is applied to experimentally obtained density images, spanning spatial scales from micrometers to several kilometers. Using density image sequences describing cell splitting, for example, we show that cell division is driven by gradients in apparent pressure within a cell. By applying MEF to fish population density image sequences collected during the OAWRS 2003 experiment in the New Jersey strataform, we quantify (1) inter-shoal dynamics such as coalescence of fish groups over tens of kilometers, (2) fish mass flow between different parts of a large shoal and (3) the stresses acting on large fish shoals. Observations of fish shoals made during the OAWRS 2006 experiment in the Georges Bank are used to confirm general theoretical predictions on group behavior believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, it is shown that (1) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (2) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (3) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Several species of fish, birds, insects, mammals and other self propelled particles (SPPs) are known to group in large numbers and exhibit orderly migrations. The stability of this orderly state of motion in large SPP-groups is studied by developing a fluid-dynamic theory for flocking behavior based on perturbation analysis. It is shown that an SPP group where individuals assume the average velocity of their neighbours behaves as a fluid over large spatial scales. The existence of a critical population density above which perturbations to the orderly state of motion are damped is also shown. Further, it is shown that disturbances can propagate within mobile groups at speeds much higher than that of the individuals, facilitating rapid information transfer. These findings may explain how large shoals of fish and flocks of birds are able to stay together and migrate over large distances without breaking up. Fish shoals are ubiquitous in continental shelf environments and so are a major cause of acoustic clutter in long-range Navy sonars. It is shown that man-made airfilled cylindrical targets have very different spectral acousic scattering response than fish, so that they can be distinguished using multi-frequency measurements. It is also shown that the use of the Sonar Equation to model scattering from the man-made targets leads to large errors differing by up to an order of magnitude from measurements. A Greens' Theorem-based full-field model that describes scattering from vertically extended cylindrical targets in range-dependent ocean waveguides is shown to accurately describe the statistics of the targets' scattered field measured during OAWRS 2001, 2003 and 2006 experiments. Measurements of infrasound made during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami event that occured on December 26, 2004 have suggested that large-scale tsunamis may produce deep-infrasonic signals that travel thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere. By developing an analytical model to describe air-borne infrasound generation by tsunamis and applying it to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, it is shown that the mass flow of air caused by changes in sea-level due to a tsunami can generate infrasound of sufficient amplitude to be picked up thousands of kilometers away. The possibility of detecting tsunamis via seismic means is also examined by developing an analytical model for quantifying very low frequency (0.01-0.1 Hz) Rayleigh waves generated by a tsunami.

Download or read book Investigating Group Behavioral Quantization of Oceanic Fish with Continental shelf Scale Ocean acoustic Sensing written by Dong Hoon Yu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent fish population decline due to increased human presence has led to calls for predictive methods to help reverse or stabilize the situation. It has been difficult, however, to establish such methods primarily due to the technical obstacles in observing fish populations in natural habitats. Here we use acoustics to observe the ocean environment and study fish behavior during the critical spawning period over continental-shelf scales. Fish are known to be one of the main sources of strong natural returns in the continental-shelf environment, and so identified as a major source of clutter for wide-area undersea surveillance. The first continental-shelf scale acoustic measurements of Atlantic cod over thousands of square kilometers using towed source and receiver arrays were made by an international, multi-disciplinary team led by MIT researchers including myself in the historic Lofoten cod spawning ground in Norway during the peak spawning period in Winter 2014, where extensive but spatially discrete groups of spawning cod were successfully imaged. These initial instantaneous wide-area observations of cod aggregations suggest that these observed spawning groups have quantifiable properties that are linked to essential collective behavioral functions. We find that the mean group population per annual spawning season of Northeast Arctic cod over the entire spawning ground in Lofoten Norway is remarkably invariant across the available 30 years of line-transect survey data. The marked stability of the annual mean spawning group size in contrast to the large variations in total spawning population across years supports the interpretation of the expected spawning group size over the 30-year data set as the group behavioral quantum empirically expected for reliable spawning. Time series of the total Atlantic cod spawning population for major spawning regions across the North Atlantic show that once the total spawning population declined below a quantum, recovery to preindustrial levels did not occur in that region even after decades, which is an apparent consequence of large difference between the pre-industrial level and one quantum level. Quantized group behavior during spawning is also investigated for the Atlantic herring species. We find that the daily herring spawning group population is stable over the peak annual spawning period from wide-area acoustic measurements of spawning herring in the Gulf of Maine in Fall 2006. This supports the quantum concept that the mean spawning group population has evolved to a stable optimal size to fulfill the essential behavioral function of reliable spawning for Atlantic herring. As with cod, time series of the Atlantic herring spawning population for major spawning grounds across the North Atlantic show that when total spawning population declined below the empirically determined quantum level, return to pre-industrial levels required decades. Our findings show that to be sustained at pre-industrial levels the total spawning population must greatly exceed the mean spawning group size found at pre-industrial levels for any oceanic fish population we investigated, and likely many others. The migration of extensive social groups towards specific spawning grounds in vast and diverse ocean environments is an integral part of the regular spawning process of many oceanic fish species. Oceanic fish in such migrations typically seek locations with environmental parameters that maximize the probability of successful spawning and egg/larval survival. The 3D spatio-temporal dynamics of these behavioral processes are largely unknown due to technical difficulties in sensing the ocean environment over wide areas. Here we use ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) to instantaneously image immense herring groups over continental-shelf-scale areas at the Georges Bank spawning ground. Via multi-spectral OAWRS measurements, we capture a shift in swimbladder resonance peak correlated with the herring groups' up-slope spawning migration, enabling 3D spatial behavioral dynamics to be instantaneously inferred over thousands of square kilometers. We show that herring groups maintain near-bottom vertical distributions with negative buoyancy throughout the migration. We find a spatial correlation greater than 0.9 between the average herring group depth and corresponding seafloor depth for migratory paths along the bathymetric gradient. This is consistent with herring groups maintaining near-seafloor paths to both search for optimal spawning conditions and reduce the risk of predator attacks during the migration to shallower waters where near-surface predators are more dangerous. This analysis shows that multi-spectral resonance sensing with OAWRS can be used as an effective tool to instantaneously image and continuously monitor the behavioral dynamics of swimbladder-bearing fish group behavior in 3 spatial dimensions over continental-shelf scales. Recent research has found a high spatial and temporal correlation between certain baleen whale vocalizations and peak annual spawning processes of Atlantic herring in the Gulf of Maine. These vocalizations are apparently related to feeding activities of baleen whales with suggested functions that include communication, prey manipulation, and echolocation. Here the feasibility of the echolocation function is investigated. Physical limitations on the ability to detect large herring shoals and the seafloor by acoustic remote sensing are determined with ocean acoustic propagation, scattering, and statistical theories given baleen whale auditory parameters. Detection is found to be highly dependent on ambient noise conditions, herring shoal distributions, baleen whale time-frequency vocalization spectra, and geophysical parameters of the ocean waveguide. Detections of large herring shoals are found to be physically feasible in common Gulf of Maine herring spawning scenarios at up to 10 ± 6 km in range for humpback parameters and 1 ± 1 km for minke parameters but not for blue and fin parameters even at zero horizontal range. Detections of the seafloor are found to be feasible up to 2 ± 1 km for blue and humpback parameters and roughly 1 km for fin and minke parameters, suggesting that the whales share a common acoustic sensation of rudimentary features of the geophysical environment. No effect of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal vocalization behavior was found during our measurements. Some published statistical tests assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal behavior were found to have 98-100% false positive biases with no true positive confirmation, and so lack statistical significance.

Download or read book Oceanic Internal Waves from Ship Aircraft and Spacecraft written by Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories. Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory (ORSL) has been studying internal waves using remote sensing techniques employing three different types of observational platforms: ships, aircraft, and spacecraft. Internal waves and their manifestations have been observed using the following techniques: Satellite multispectral scanning imagers (principally in the visible and near-infrared); Radar--both coherent imaging radar and standard meteorological radar (all from aircraft); Hand-held visible photography (from spacecraft, aircraft, and ship; Ship-towed thermistors; and STD and XBT casts.

Download or read book Oceanic Internal Waves from Ship Aircraft and Spacecraft written by Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Continuous Monitoring of Fish Population and Behavior by Instantaneous Continental Shelf Scale Imaging with Ocean Waveguide Acoustics written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goals of this program are to (1) instantaneously detect, image and spatially chart fish populations over continental-shelf scales, and (2) continuously monitor the areal densities and behavior of these fish populations over time using a novel audible frequency acoustic system (300- 5000Hz) referred to as Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS). This new method is being applied to explore the abundance, temporal and spatial distributions and behavior of fish populations in the Gulf of Maine on and near Georges Bank, a marine ecosystem being studied in the Census of Marine Life program. OAWRS is a valuable conservation tool for rapid imaging and enumeration of large scale fish populations over thousands of square kilometers to effectively monitor and manage the national fish stock.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Submerged Objects and Geomorphology in Continental Shelf Waters with Acoustic Waveguide Scattering written by Purnima Ratilal and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) A generalized extinction theorem for object scattering in a stratified medium is derived that can be applied to detect and classify objects from the total field in the forward scatter direction in a waveguide. Analytic expressions are derived for the attenuation and dispersion in the forward propagated field due to scattering from random surface and volume inhomogeneities in a waveguide. The unified model is applied to show that the active sonar equation is not in general valid for scattering in a waveguide. It is shown that the sonar equation may be made approximately valid in a waveguide by lowering the active frequency of operation sufficiently for the given measurement scenario to simplify analysis for target classification and localization.

Download or read book Acoustic Sensing Techniques for the Shallow Water Environment written by Andrea Caiti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the collection of papers from the second workshop on Experimental Acoustic Inversion Techniques for Exploration of the Shallow Water Environment. Acoustic techniques provide the most effective means for remote sensing of ocean and sea floor processes, and for probing the structure beneath the sea floor. No other energy propagates as efficiently in the ocean: radio waves and visible light are severely limited in range because the ocean is a highly conductive medium. However, sound from breaking waves and coastal shipping can be heard throughout the ocean, and marine mammals communicate acoustically over basin scale distances. The papers in this book indicate a high level of research interest that has generated significant progress in development and application of experimental acoustic inversion techniques. The applications span a broad scope in geosciences, from geophysical, biological and even geochemical research. The list includes: estimation of geotechnical properties of sea bed materials; navigation and mapping of the sea floor; fisheries, aquaculture and sea bed habitat assessment; monitoring of marine mammals; sediment transport; and investigation of natural geohazards in marine sediments. Audience This book is primarily intended for physicists and engineers working in underwater acoustics and oceanic engineering. It will also be of interest to marine biologists, geophysicists and oceanographers as potential users of the methodologies and techniques described in the book contributions.

Download or read book Enabling High Resolution Population Density Imaging of Random Scatterer Groups in a Fluctuating Range dependent Ocean Waveguide with the Matched Filter Variance written by Mark Andrews and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Underwater acoustic imaging and surveillance systems often transmit broadband pulses and process the scattered returns with a correlation matched filter in order to achieve high spatial resolution in range localization. When imaging distributed groups of scatterers, such as schools or shoals of fish, bubble clouds and swarms of AUVs, large numbers of individuals, ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands, are often present within each resolution cell of the imaging system. To estimate population density, spatial distribution, scattering cross-section and other parameters of the scatterer group and their error bounds, it is essential to understand the statistical nature and composition of the broadband matched filtered scattered returns. Here, using a combination of theoretical model development and experimental data analysis, we investigate (1) the statistics of broadband acoustic propagation in temporally and spatially varying shallow water waveguides, (2) the statistics and mechanisms for scattering from distributed groups, and (3) the effects of multiple scattering and waveguide dispersion in predicting the level and duration of the broadband matched filtered scattered intensities. The analysis is applied to two types of underwater acoustic imaging systems for mapping fish distributions. (a) The ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) system that allows instantaneous wide area continental-shelf scale imaging by utilizing muti-modal waveguide propagation, and (b) the conventional ultrasonic echosounder using direct-path propagation to image scatterer groups over water depth.Using experimental data acquired in the US east coast continental shelf, the scintillation statistics of one-way propagated broadband waveforms are quantified as a function of signal bandwidth, center frequency, and range. The received broadband intensity is shown to follow the Gamma distribution implying the central limit theorem has led to a fully saturated Gaussian field. An efficient numerical approach is developed to estimate the broadband transmission loss in a fluctuating, range-dependent ocean waveguide using spatial averaging of a time-harmonic stochastic propagation model. This approach is essential for rapidly detrending OAWRS imagery to make real time population density estimates.Theoretical models are then developed to determine the statistical moments of the broadband matched filtered scattered returns from distributed groups. For the ultrasonic echosounder, a numerical Monte-Carlo model that includes multiple scattering is developed and implemented to determine the conditions for when multiple scattering is significant. The model is implemented for Atlantic herring schools found in the Gulf of Maine, imaged with a conventional fisheries echosounder. Our analysis indicates that the single-scatter approximation is valid even for dense Atlantic herring schools at ultrasound frequencies. For direct-path imaging systems, an analytic model is also developed to efficiently estimate the scattered field statistics from the group by applying a single scatter approximation. The model can be used to compare the levels of the coherently and incoherently scattered intensities. It provides an explanation for how high spatial resolution is acheived with incoherently scattered fields with the coherent matched filter.We examine the effects of multiple scattering, attenuation, and waveguide dispersion on population density imaging with the OAWRS imaging system by implementing a numerical Monte-Carlo model. The model determines the statistical moments of the matched filtered multiply scattered returns from a distributed group of discrete scatterers, and incorporates propagation through a fluctuating range-dependent ocean environment. Results of the model are applied to interpret OAWRS imagery of shoaling Atlantic herring populations acquired during the NOPP-funded 2006 Experiment in the Gulf of Maine. Our analysis indicates that multiple scattering and attenuation were mostly negligible at OAWRS frequencies employed and for herring densities observed.

Download or read book Ocean Acoustic Remote Sensing written by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Workshop {on} Ocean Acoustic Remote Sensing and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sound Images of the Ocean written by Peter Wille and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound Images of the Ocean is the first comprehensive overview of acoustic imaging applications in the various fields of marine research, utilization, surveillance, and protection. The book employs 400 sound images of the sea floor and of processes in the sea volume, contributed by more than 120 marine experts from 22 nations.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography written by Herman Medwin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-11-05 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The developments in the field of ocean acoustics over recent years make this book an important reference for specialists in acoustics, oceanography, marine biology, and related fields. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography also encourages a new generation of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to apply the modern methods of acoustical physics to probe the unknown sea. The book is an authoritative, modern text with examples and exercises. It contains techniques to solve the direct problems, solutions of inverse problems, and an extensive bibliography from the earliest use of sound in the sea to present references.Written by internationally recognized scientists, the book provides background to measure ocean parameters and processes, find life and objects in the sea, communicate underwater, and survey the boundaries of the sea. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography explains principles of underwater sound propagation, and describes how both actively probing sonars and passively listening hydrophones can reveal what the eye cannot see over vast ranges of the turbid ocean. This book demonstrates how to use acoustical remote sensing, variations in sound transmission, in situ acoustical measurements, and computer and laboratory models to identify the physical and biological parameters and processes in the sea.* Offers an integrated, modern approach to passive and active underwater acoustics* Contains many examples of laboratory scale models of ocean-acoustic environments, as well as descriptions of experiments at sea* Covers remote sensing of marine life and the seafloor* Includes signal processing of ocean sounds, physical and biological noises at sea, and inversions* resents sound sources, receivers, and calibration* Explains high intensities; explosive waves, parametric sources, cavitation, shock waves, and streaming* Covers microbubbles from breaking waves, rainfall, dispersion, and attenuation* Describes sound propagation along ray paths and caustics* Presents sound transmissions and normal mode methods in ocean waveguides

Download or read book Automatic Detection and Tracking of Fish Shoals Over Large Areas Using Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing OAWRS written by Felix Piavsky and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurately tracking multiple fish shoals can help understand fish migration patterns, better estimate fish populations, and lead to better decisions regarding fishery routines and preservation of the related marine ecosystems. Previously, fish shoals and their characteristics were identified manually for each shoal. Here we present techniques to automatically detect, track, and predict small fish shoal characteristics using Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) over large areas and extended time periods. OAWRS system allows us to instantaneously map, image, and monitor fish populations over continental shelf-scale areas of thousands of square kilometers. Conventional fishery sonars operate at much higher frequencies and so have detection ranges limited the immediate vicinity of research vessels. The methods presented here can provide near real-time analysis during experiments or later analysis. In this work, we continuously tracked the migration of multiple fish schools during the 2014 Norwegian Sea experiment and 2003 Atlantic US coast experiment. Each shoal goes through image processing, tracking, feature extraction, and track management analysis. We take into account special cases such as splitting or merging of shoals. The results of this work can provide reliable tracking of small fish shoals, marine mammals, and underwater vehicles.

Download or read book Exploration and Monitoring of the Continental Shelf Underwater Environment written by Iftikhar B. Abbasov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated to the unique developments of hydroacoustical equipment to monitor the sea coastal shelf environment, this groundbreaking unique study presents a survey of modern methods and technical monitoring facilities, including the diagnostics of underwater engineering when monitoring offshore. There is still so much about the oceans that scientists do not know, and exploring the continental shelves of the world is a huge part of finding out more about these underwater environments. Further to that, it is extremely important that, while scientists and engineers explore and monitor the continental shelf, no damage is done to these precious environments. That is the needle that this study intends to thread, giving scientists and engineers a better method and processes for exploring these underwater mysteries, while protecting the environment and wildlife thriving beneath. Written by a proven scientist in this area, this book is dedicated to the unique developments of hydroacoustical equipment to monitor the coastal shelf. The results of the original experimental sonar studies with application of the parametric antenna are presented. The book presents a survey of the modern methods and technical monitoring facilities of the coastal aqueous environment. The basic characteristics of the parametric antennas are given considering propagation of the acoustic waves in the environments with dispersion and acoustical absorption. The author and his colleagues consider the questions of formation of the parametric antenna field in layered-heterogeneous media and the peculiarities of sounding of the interfaces and bottom sediments. Ecological monitoring methods of the basic parameters of quality and condition of the aqueous environment are analyzed. The peculiarities of diagnostics of the underwater engineering constructions when monitoring the offshore strips are described. For both veteran engineers and students in the field alike, this breakthrough study is a must-have for any scientific library concerned with studying the oceans and especially the continental shelf.

Download or read book Experimental Acoustic Inversion Methods for Exploration of the Shallow Water Environment written by Andrea Caiti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, research on acoustic remote sensing of the ocean has evolved considerably, especially in studying complex physical and biological processes in shallow water environments. To review the state of the art, an international workshop was held at Carvoeiro, Portugal, in March 1999, bringing together leading international researchers in the field. In contrast to much of the recent theoretical work, emphasis was placed on the experimental validation of the techniques. This volume, based on presentations at this workshop, summarizes a range of diverse and innovative applications. The invited contributions explore the use of acoustics to measure bottom properties and morphology, as well as to probe buried objects within the sediment. Within the water column, sound is applied to imaging of oceanographic features such as currents and tides or monitoring of marine life. Another key theme is the use of sound to solve geometric inverse problems for precise tracking of undersea vehicles. Audience: This volume should be useful both to the novice seeking an introduction to the field and to advanced researchers interested in the latest developments in acoustic sensing of the ocean environment. The workshop was sponsored by the Fundação para a Ciêcia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology).

Download or read book Sound Propagation through the Stochastic Ocean written by John A. Colosi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-20 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean is opaque to electromagnetic radiation and transparent to low frequency sound, so acoustical methodologies are an important tool for sensing the undersea world. Stochastic sound-speed fluctuations in the ocean, such as those caused by internal waves, result in a progressive randomisation of acoustic signals as they traverse the ocean environment. This signal randomisation imposes a limit to the effectiveness of ocean acoustic remote sensing, navigation and communication. Sound Propagation through the Stochastic Ocean provides a comprehensive treatment of developments in the field of statistical ocean acoustics over the last 35 years. This will be of fundamental interest to oceanographers, marine biologists, geophysicists, engineers, applied mathematicians, and physicists. Key discoveries in topics such as internal waves, ray chaos, Feynman path integrals, and mode transport theory are addressed with illustrations from ocean observations. The topics are presented at an approachable level for advanced students and seasoned researchers alike.

Download or read book Sounds in the Sea written by Herman Medwin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-21 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description