Download or read book Achilles Tendon Changes in Downhill Level and Uphill Running written by Katy Andrews Neves and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we examined how hill running affects the Achilles tendon, which is a common location for injuries in runners. Twenty females ran for 10 min on three randomly selected grades (-6%, 0%, +6%). Achilles tendon (AT) cross-sectional area (CSA) was imaged using Doppler ultrasound and peak vertical forces were analyzed using high-speed (240 Hz) videography. A metabolic cart and gas analyzer ensured a similar metabolic cost across grades. Data were analyzed using a forward selection regression. Results showed a decrease in AT CSA from pre-run to post-run (p=.0001). Peak vertical forces were different across grades (p= .0001) with the largest occurring during downhill running and smallest during uphill running. The results suggest that the Achilles tendon is affected by running and a decrease in CSA appears to be a normal response. The AT CSA does not differ between grade conditions when metabolic cost of running is matched, suggesting an adaptive effect of the AT. Coaches and athletes can use this knowledge to develop workout protocols that transition runners to downhill running and allow them to adapt to these greater forces.
Download or read book The Science of Running written by Steve Magness and published by Origin Press (CA). This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of The Science of Running:"The Science of Running sets the new standard for training theory and physiological data. Every veteran and beginner distance coach needs to have this on their book shelf."-Alan WebbAmerican Record Holder-Mile 3:46.91 "For anyone serious about running, The Science of Running offers the latest information and research for optimizing not only your understanding of training but also your performance. If you want to delve deeper into the world of running and training, this book is for you. You will never look at running the same."-Jackie Areson, 15th at the 2013 World Championships in the 5k. 15:12 5,000m best If you are looking for how to finish your first 5k, this book isn't for you. The Science of Running is written for those of us looking to maximize our performance, get as close to our limits as possible, and more than anything find out how good we can be, or how good our athletes can be. In The Science of Running, elite coach and exercise physiologist Steve Magness integrates the latest research with the training processes of the world's best runners, to deliver an in depth look at how to maximize your performance. It is a unique book that conquers both the scientific and practical points of running in two different sections. The first is aimed at identifying what limits running performance from a scientific standpoint. You will take a tour through the inside of the body, learning what causes fatigue, how we produce energy to run, and how the brain functions to hold you back from super-human performance. In section two, we turn to the practical application of this information and focus on the process of training to achieve your goals. You will learn how to develop training plans and to look at training in a completely different way. The Science of Running does not hold back information and is sure to challenge you to become a better athlete, coach, or exercise scientist in covering such topics as:· What is fatigue? The latest research on looking at fatigue from a brain centered view.· Why VO2max is the most overrated and misunderstood concept in both the lab and on the track· Why "zone" training leads to suboptimal performance.· How to properly individualize training for your own unique physiology.· How to look at the training process in a unique way in terms of stimulus and adaptation.· Full sample training programs from 800m to the marathon.
Download or read book Neumann s Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System E Book written by Donald A. Neumann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2024-02-14 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on the normal and abnormal mechanical interactions between the muscles and joints of the body, Neumann’s Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, 4th Edition provides a foundation for the practice of physical rehabilitation. This comprehensive, research-based core text explores kinesiology as it relates to physical rehabilitation in a clinically relevant and accessible manner. It presents the language of human movement — and acts as a bridge between basic science and clinical management. It helps clinicians effectively address the mechanical-based changes in movement across a person’s lifespan, whether in the context of rehabilitation, recreation, or promotion of health and wellness. Full-color anatomic and kinesiologic illustrations clearly demonstrate the anatomy, functional movement, and biomechanical principles underlying movement and posture. An eBook version, included with print purchase, provides access to all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. The eBook included with print purchase also features multiple excellent videos of anatomic and kinesiologic principles, answers to study questions from the print book, and additional tables and figures. Evidence-based approach emphasizes the importance of research in PT decision-making. More than 900 high-quality illustrations provide visual accompaniments to clarify the material. Clinical Connections boxes at the end of each chapter highlight or expand upon a particular clinical concept associated with the kinesiology covered in the chapter. Special Focus boxes throughout the text provide numerous clinical examples to demonstrate why kinesiologic information is needed. Critical thinking questions for selected chapters reinforce the main concepts. UPDATED! Current, evidence-based content closes the gap in kinesiology and anatomy science with clinical practice. NEW! Additional Special Focus boxes and Clinical Connections boxes present kinesiology in a clinical context. UPDATED! Modified artwork and new figures visually reinforce key concepts. NEW! An eBook version, included with print purchase, provides access to all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. It also features videos, answers to study questions from the print book, and additional tables and figures.
Download or read book Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System E Book written by Donald A. Neumann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its focus on the normal and abnormal mechanical interactions between the muscles and joints of the body, Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Rehabilitation, 3rd Edition provides a foundation for the practice of physical rehabilitation. This comprehensive, research-based core text presents kinesiology as it relates to physical rehabilitation in a clinically relevant and accessible manner. It provides students and clinicians with the language of human movement — and acts as a bridge between basic science and clinical management. Full-color anatomic and kinesiologic illustrations clearly demonstrate the anatomy, functional movement, and biomechanical principles underlying movement; and dynamic new video clips help you interpret new concepts with visual demonstration. More than 900 high-quality illustrations provide you with the visual accompaniments you need to comprehend the material. Clinical Connections boxes at the end of each chapter in Sections II through IV highlight or expand upon a particular clinical concept associated with the kinesiology covered in the chapter. Special Focus boxes interspersed throughout the text provide numerous clinical examples that demonstrate why kinesiologic information is needed. Critical thinking questions challenge you to review or reinforce the main concepts contained within each chapter. Evidence-based approach emphasizes the importance of research in physical therapy decision-making. Evolve site for students comes with video clips, answers to study questions, and references linked to Medline. Evolve site for instructors includes an image collection from the text, teaching tips, and lab activities. NEW! Kinesiology of Running chapter covers the biomechanics of running. NEW! Video clips help you interpret new concepts with visual demonstration. NEW! All-new content on the pelvic floor. NEW! Thoroughly updated references emphasize the evidence-based presentation of information in the text. NEW! QR codes linked to videos for easy viewing on mobile devices. NEW! Pageburst enhanced edition allows you to access multimedia content from the eBook without going to another website.
Download or read book The Lower Limb Tendinopathies written by Giannicola Bisciotti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the subject of lower limb tendinopathy and is divided into two main parts: the first covers the general aspects of tendinopathy, while the second focuses on the specific condition in the lower limb. Each chapter has a clear structure: etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, imaging, conservative and surgical treatment, and therapeutic indications, making it easy to read. Furthermore, the section on conservative treatment includes important practical application tools.
Download or read book Lore of Running written by Timothy Noakes and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2003 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Noakes explores the physiology of running, all aspects of training, and recognizing, avoiding, and treating injuries. 133 illustrations.
Download or read book The Impact of Achilles Tendon Pathology on Lower Limb Joint Stiffness Regulation During Hopping Tasks written by Kevin Lieberthal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a debilitating running injury affecting 50% of distance runners over their lifetime. Ultrasound (US) imaging studies have shown that pathological changes are present in 11-52% of asymptomatic individuals. Impairments of the lower leg muscle-tendon function may develop with AT however alteration of lower limb loading strategies has not been examined in runners with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology. The primary aim of the thesis was to determine if Achilles tendon pathology changes lower limb loading patterns. It was hypothesised that there would be a different loading pattern between the ankle and knee in runners with Achilles tendon pathology. In order to investigate this primary aim, secondary aims were developed to determine the prevalence of Achilles tendon pathology in an asymptomatic running population and to determine any associated factors of tendon pathology. This study initially assessed the prevalence of tendon pathology and a number of associated risk factors for 37 experienced, high mileage male endurance runners with no history of Achilles tendon pain. The tendon was assessed using US by a musculoskeletal radiologist and classified as either normal or abnormal. Height, body mass, waist circumference, and weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) with the knee in a flexed and extended position were measured. A survey quantified the running history of participants. Following the initial study, 14 runners with no history of Achilles tendon pain and a normal Achilles tendon on US imaging, and 12 runners with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology were assessed in a series of further studies. A third group of 12 runners with symptomatic AT were also studied. Each runner completed single leg hopping for both limbs on a level and inclined surface. Embedded in the surface was a force plate (1000Hz) that was synchronised with a three dimensional motion capture system (250Hz). Nonparametric statistics were used to examine the effect of surface angle and group on hopping biomechanics. All results are reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Almost half (46%) of the asymptomatic distance runners had at least one abnormal tendon. The runners with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology had significantly more years of running history (Median 20.0 years, IQR 6.0-25.5, p=0.024) than the runners with no pathology on US (Median 7.0 years, IQR 5.0-15.0). No significant differences between the groups was identified for age, height, mass, waist circumference, ankle ROM, number of weekly running sessions, weekly mileage and number of long distance (marathon and half marathon) running events completed in their lifetime. Symptomatic runners had significantly less active ankle joint stiffness (Level – Median = 8.2 Nm/kg/rad, IQR = 7.7-9.2; Incline - Median= 8.1 Nm/kg/rad, IQR = 7.2-9.7) when compared to the normal group (Level – Median = 9.8 Nm/kg/rad, IQR = 9.0-10.5; Incline - Median= 10.2 Nm/kg/rad, IQR = 8.7-10.4) for both the level (p=0.044) and inclined (p=0.042) surfaces. No differences were identified for leg stiffness between the three groups. Asymptomatic male distance runners had a high incidence of tendon pathology compared to other populations (e.g. soccer players) and cumulative load in running years is an associated factor of tendon change. This thesis identified that the presence of Achilles tendon pathology without a history or presence of pain did not alter lower limb loading strategies. However, runners with symptomatic AT had reduced ankle stiffness. This may explain the recalcitrant and recurrent nature of AT if runners are not able to increase their ankle stiffness following rehabilitation and recovery after injury.
Download or read book Sports Fitness and Training written by Armel Dawson and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports fitness training is all about developing physical conditions to improve sports performance and skills. Sports training programs can help to improve strength flexibility and stamina to improve performance in specific sports. Options include increasing arm strength for tennis playing or improve strength and core stability providing better balance playing golf. Today's athletes are breaking records that many thought were untouchable-in large part due to the major advances in sports training. There are several universally accepted scientific training principles that must be followed in order to improve sports conditioning and performance. Because every athlete is different, each person's response to exercise will vary. This book provides the very best information and insights on sports fitness training. It combines explanations of modern methods with sample training programs, workouts and drills for successful application. The state-of-the art training prescriptions presented in this book will lead to the way to the future of athletic strength and conditioning. It will be very helpful to anyone looking to do any kind of training for sports or even for general conditioning. This is a complete training book which is the equivalent of a personal coach, trainer, and sports medicine doctor in one volume with Illustrations.
Download or read book Sports Biomechanics written by Prof. Anthony J. Blazevich and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings are the 'all-rounders' of the natural world – while they aren't naturally the quickest, biggest or strongest creatures, they can achieve more amazing physical feats than any other animal. Nowhere is this ability more pronounced than in sporting performance, the ideal area for studying the mechanics of a human – our biomechanics. But all too often the study of sports biomechanics can become bogged down in pure mathematics, tables and graphs that bear little resemblance to what you see on the field of play. In this comprehensively revised third edition of bestselling Sports Biomechanics, Professor Anthony Blazevich answers real-world questions using easily accessible language and fully updated, clear and concise diagrams. Each chapter is devoted to a single area of the subject and details scientific underpinnings of sports performance; this edition features a new chapter on human gait (walking and running) as well as new information on the latest topics in sport biomechanics. An absolutely essential resource for any student, athlete or fitness professional involved in the field of sports biomechanics.
Download or read book Kinematics and Kinetics of the Lower Limb In Uphill and Downhill Running written by Erik Kowalski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: His study investigated the lower limb biomechanics during downhill and uphill running in habitual forefoot strike and habitual rearfoot strike runners. Fifteen habitual forefoot strike and fifteen habitual rearfoot strike recreational male runners ran at 3 m/s ± 5% during level, uphill and downhill overground running on a ramp mounted at 6° and 9°. Results showed that hill running had similar impacts on joint angles in rearfoot strike and forefoot strike runners, causing a decrease in hip flexion at initial contact during downhill running, an increase in knee flexion angle at initial contact during uphill running and a decrease in peak hip flexion angle. In addition to differences in ankle joint angle due to landing pattern difference between rearfoot strike and forefoot strike runners, forefoot strike runners had a more flexed hip angle during downhill running. Forefoot strike runners had an absent impact peak in all running conditions, while the impact peaks only decreased during the uphill conditions in rearfoot strike runners. Active peaks decreased during the downhill conditions in forefoot strike runners while active loading rates increased during downhill conditions in rearfoot strike runners. Compared to the level condition, parallel braking peaks were larger during downhill conditions and parallel propulsive peaks were larger during uphill conditions. Peak hip flexion moment was significantly greater while peak knee flexion moment was significantly lower in both groups during the downhill 9° condition. Forefoot strike runners had larger peak plantar flexion moments and peak ankle power absorption compared to rearfoot strike runners during all conditions. Forefoot strike runners had decreased peak power absorption at the knee joint during downhill and level running conditions. Combined with previous biomechanics studies, our findings of no impact peak in forefoot strike runners suggests that this landing pattern may have potential in reducing overuse running injuries. Forefoot strike running reduces loading at the knee joint and can be used as an effective strategy to reduce stress at the knee joint experienced with rearfoot strike running.
Download or read book Running Surface Ground Contact Time and Other Biomechanical Factors that May Affect Achilles Tendon Forces During Running written by Kevin Gregory Aubol and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Achilles tendon loads are thought to play a role in the etiology of Achilles tendon injuries. Avoiding soft surfaces and increasing ground contact time are strategies that may reduce peak Achilles tendon loads during running. This study's purpose was to identify changes that can be made to reduce Achilles tendon forces during running. Thirty rearfoot strike runners ran outdoors on grass and concrete while Achilles tendon forces were measured. Participants ran with preferred, low, and high ground contact times, and with fixed and free cadences. Peak Achilles tendon force, estimated cumulative Achilles tendon damage, and Achilles tendon impulse were compared. Peak Achilles tendon force and estimated cumulative Achilles tendon damage were higher while running on concrete than grass, but differences were small. There was no difference in Achilles tendon impulse while running on grass and concrete. Peak Achilles tendon force and estimated cumulative Achilles tendon damage decreased as ground contact time increased. There were no differences between the fixed and free cadence conditions. Participants made these changes with minimal practice and without the use of a metronome. Therefore, increasing ground contact time is a viable intervention to reduce Achilles tendon forces. A secondary data analysis of an existing data set identified additional factors that contribute to high Achilles tendon forces during running. Participants with high and low peak Achilles tendon forces were identified. Sagittal plane ankle, knee, and hip angles, anterior/posterior center of pressure position, and two-dimensional sagittal plane resultant ground reaction force waveforms were analyzed using principal components analysis. Principal components were entered into a discriminant analysis to identify gait features that distinguished between the groups. Runners with high peak Achilles tendon forces had greater center of pressure velocities at the beginning of stance, more dorsiflexion excursion during midstance, and higher ground reaction forces throughout stance. In conclusion, Achilles tendon forces were similar while running on grass and concrete. Increasing ground contact time decreased Achilles tendon forces during running. We also identified gait features that contribute to high Achilles tendon forces. These findings may lead to new interventions for runners at risk of Achilles tendon injuries.
Download or read book Runner s World written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EMG Methods for Evaluating Muscle and Nerve Function written by Mark Schwartz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first of two volumes on EMG (Electromyography) covers a wide range of subjects, from Principles and Methods, Signal Processing, Diagnostics, Evoked Potentials, to EMG in combination with other technologies and New Frontiers in Research and Technology. The authors vary in their approach to their subjects, from reviews of the field, to experimental studies with exciting new findings. The authors review the literature related to the use of surface electromyography (SEMG) parameters for measuring muscle function and fatigue to the limitations of different analysis and processing techniques. The final section on new frontiers in research and technology describes new applications where electromyography is employed as a means for humans to control electromechanical systems, water surface electromyography, scanning electromyography, EMG measures in orthodontic appliances, and in the ophthalmological field. These original approaches to the use of EMG measurement provide a bridge to the second volume on clinical applications of EMG.
Download or read book Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion written by Andrew Horwood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-04-10 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion: Gait and Pathomechanical Principles explores the clinical management of gait-disturbing or gait-induced pathologies and biomechanical variances during gait between individuals. The book discusses what is required to make terrestrial human locomotion safe and what causes pathology within a context of high locomotive and morphological variability. The interaction of genetics, epigenetics, developmental biology and physiology under the influence of locomotive biomechanics and metabolic energetics drives evolution. Such biological pressures on survival are essential in understanding the locomotive biomechanics of modern humans. In addition, lifestyle, including gait speed adaptability established during the growth influences of anatomical development is also considered. Links human locomotive biomechanics to medicine, physiology, evolutionary anatomy and medicine Prepares students, bioengineers and clinicians for the reality of utilizing biomechanical principles in clinical practice while also informing researchers of environmental limits Includes further concepts in gait mechanics such as lower limb length, gait speed and how to calculate locomotive costs
Download or read book Sports Medicine of the Lower Extremity written by Steven I. Subotnick and published by Churchill Livingstone. This book was released on 1999 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises an encyclopedic look at the emerging sports medicine specialty, concentrating on the lower extremity. It covers problems relating to children as well as adults and takes in areas like nutrition, injury prevention, and training and conditioning. Anatomy and normal movement are discussed in detail. Injuries are dealt with both by region and by sport/activity. Written by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians--all experts in their fields.
Download or read book Dr Nicholas Romanov s Pose Method of Running written by Nicholas S. Romanov and published by Pose Tech Corp.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Running barefoot isn't as natural as we're led to believe. Recent studies have shown that up to 85% of runners get injured every year, how natural is that? The most important question that running "barefoot" or "naturally" doesn't address is how we should run. Repetitive ground impact forces are at the root of most running injuries. A 30 minute jog can log more than 5,000 foot strikes; its because of this volume of movement that efficient
Download or read book Ciba Clinical Symposia written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
