Download or read book Acces to Long Term Debt and Effects on Firms Performance written by Fidel Jaramillo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Access to Long Term Debt and Effects on Firms Performance written by Fabio Schiantarelli and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 1997 Does the availability of long-term financing affect a firm's productivity (by facilitating access to more productive technologies) and capital accumulation? Or does the less intense monitoring and the lesser fear of liquidation associated with long-term debt actually reduce productivity? Recent theory increasingly emphasizes the association of short-term debt with higher-quality firms and better incentives. The possibility of premature liquidation, for example, may serve as a disciplinary device to improve firm performance. At the same time the role of long-term debt, especially when it is heavily subsidized, is being rethought because so many development banks are plagued with nonperforming loans and doubts about the selection criteria used in allocating funds. Jaramillo and Schiantarelli explore empirical evidence about the structure of debt maturity in Ecuadorean firms. They discuss how it has been affected by government intervention in credit markets, and by financial liberalization. Using firm-level panel data, they investigate the determinants of access to long-term debt in Ecuador. Finally, they provide evidence about how the maturity structure of debt affects firms' performance, particularly productivity and capital accumulation. They find that: * Long-term debt is very unevenly distributed. Almost 30 percent of firms never have access to it during the period studied. * Large firms are more likely to have access to long term debt than small firms. The former are on average more profitable. * Conditional on size, operating profits do not increase the probability of receiving long-term credit and may actually decrease it. This suggests that the mechanism used to allocate long-term resources in Ecuador may be flawed. * The allocation problem was worse for directed credit. There is some evidenct that, after financial liberalization, the problem was less severe. * There is a strong positive association between asset maturity and debt maturity, a matching of assets and liabilities. * Shorter-term loans are not conducive to greater productivity while long-term loans may lead to improvements in productivity. * While long-term loans may positively affect the quality of capital accumulation, they do not have an impact on the amount of fixed investment. This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department - was prepared for the conference Firm Finance: Theory and Evidence held on June 14, 1996. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Term Finance (RPO 679-62).
Download or read book Access to Long Term Debt and Effects of Firm s Performance written by George R. G. Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent theory increasingly emphasizes the association of short-term debt with higher-quality firms and better incentives. The possibility of premature liquidation, for example, may serve as a disciplinary device to improve firm performance. At the same time the role of long-term debt, especially when it is heavily subsidized, is being rethought because so many development banks are plagued with nonperforming loans and doubts about the selection criteria used in allocating funds. The authors explore empirical evidence about the structure of debt maturity in Ecuadorian firms. They discuss how it has been affected by government intervention in credit markets, and by financial liberalization. Using firm panel data, they investigate the determinants of access to long-term debt in Ecuador. Finally, they provide evidence about how the maturity structure of debt affects firms' performance, particularly productivity and capital accumulation. They find that: a) long-term debt is very unevenly distributed; b) large firms are more likely to have access to long term debt than small firms and are on average more profitable; c) conditional on size, operating profits do not increase probability of receiving long-term credit and may actually decrease it, suggesting that the mechanism used to allocate long-term resources in Ecuador may be flawed; d) the allocation problem was worse for directed credit, though there is evidence this problem was less severe after financial liberalization; e) there is a strong positive association between asset maturity and debt maturity, a matching of assets and liabilities; f) shorter-term loans are not conducive to greater productivity, while long-term loans may lead to improvements in productivity; and g) while long-term loans may positively affect the quality of capital accumulation, they do not have an impact on the amount of fixed investment.
Download or read book The Maturity Structure of Debt written by Fabio Schiantarelli and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Maturity Structure of Debt Determinants and Effects on Firms Performance Evidence from the United Kingdom and Italy written by Fabio Schiantarelli and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: January 1997 Firms tend to match assets with liabilities, and more profitable firms have more long-term debt. Long-term debt has a positive effect on firms' performance, but this is not true when a large fraction of that debt is subsidized. The authors empirically investigate the determinants and consequences of the maturity structure of debt, using data from a panel of UK and Italian firms. They find that in choosing a maturity structure for debt, firms tend to match assets and liabilities, as both conventional wisdom and some recent theoretical models suggest. They conclude that more profitable firms (as measured by the ratio of cash flow to capital) tend to have more long-term debt. This finding is consistent with the dominant role played by firms' fear of liquidation and loss of control associated with short-term debt. It may also reflect the willingness of financial markets to provide long-term finance only to quality firms. The data do not support the hypothesis that short-term debt, through better monitoring and control, boosts efficiency and growth -rather, the opposite can be concluded. In both countries, the data suggest a positive relationship between initial debt maturity and the firms' subsequent medium-term performance (i.e., profitability and growth in real sales). In both countries total factor productivity (TFP) depends positively on the length of debt maturity when the maturity variable is entered both contemporaneously and lagged. But in Italy the positive effect of the length of maturity on productivity is substantially reduced or even reversed when the proportion of subsidized credit increases. The authors document the relationship between firms' characteristics and their choice of shorter or long-term debt by estimating a maturity equation and interpreting the results in light of insights from theoretical literature, and by analyzing the effects of maturity on firms' later performance in terms of profitability, growth, and productivity; assess how TFP depends on the degree of leverage and the proportion of longer and shorter-term debt; and analyze the relationship between firms' debt maturity and investment. This paper--a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to study the effects of financial structure on economic performance. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Term Finance: Theory and Evidence (RPO 679-62).
Download or read book Debt Maturity and Firm Performance A Panel Study of Indian Companies written by Fabio Schiantarelli and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 1997 Is long-term debt better than short-term debt in its effect on firm performance? The answer appears to be yes for privately owned companies in India. Economic policymakers traditionally hold the view that, because of imperfections in capital markets, a shortage of long-term finance acts as a barrier to industrial performance and growth. Long-term finance is thought to allow firms to invest in more productive technologies, even when they do not produce immediate payoffs, without the fear of premature liquidation. As a result, special state-supported term-lending institutions have been established, especially in developing countries. But some believe that short-term finance may offer better incentives because it allows suppliers of finance to monitor and control firms more effectively, thus improving the firms' performance. Schiantarelli and Srivastava empirically investigate the determinants and consequences of the term structure of debt. Using a rich panel of data on privately owned companies in India, they also examine the influence of debt maturity structures on those firms' performance, especially on productivity. The results are not conclusive, but seem to support conventional beliefs about the importance of long-term finance to firm performance. Heavy leveraging, however, has a strong negative impact on productivity. They base their econometric evidence on estimates of a maturity equation and of a production function augmented by financial variables. The data on which these results are based have been generated by a financial system in which there is little competition, in which state-owned financial institutions are not guided by the profit motive and have no control over interest rates, so one cannot say whether short term finance would have been more beneficial in a less regulated system. Moreover, by the end of the 1980s, the capital base of India's government-owned financial institutions had been severely eroded and they carried a heavy burden of nonperforming assets. This means that the benefits of long term finance must be weighed against the costs. This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department - was prepared for the conference Firm Finance: Theory and Evidence held on June 14, 1996. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Term Finance (RPO 679-62).
Download or read book Fiscal Sustainability in Theory and Practice written by Craig Burnside and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics discussed in this publication include: an introduction to theoretical and practical aspects of fiscal sustainability; theoretical prerequisites for fiscal sustainability analysis; debt indicators in the measurement of vulnerability; cyclical adjustment of budget surplus; pro-cyclical fiscal policy using Mexico's fiscal accounts as a case study; fiscal rules and the experience of Chile; currency crises and models for deal with financing costs.
Download or read book Effect of Capital Structure on the Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria written by Mohammed Kakanda and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managers of corporate entities are mostly in confrontation with the problem of; what combination of capital structure (equity and debt) will maximize returns and value of their firms? The study, therefore, aims at assessing the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of listed Consumer goods companies in Nigerian. All consumer goods companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange are considered the population for this study while seven (7) out of these firms whose accounting year-ends 31 December are considered as the sample. Secondary data was utilized from the annual financial reports of the sampled firms from the year 2008-2013, which was obtained from African Financial website and official website of Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study used ex-post facto research design to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables while controlling for other variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analyzes were carried out to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between firm's capital structure and corporate financial performance. The study specifically found that short-term debt (STD) has no significance positive effect on return on equity (ROE) while Long-term debt (LTD) has positive relation and significant effect on ROE. The study recommends that firms should consider the mixture of equity and debt since they are major determinants of corporate performance. Authorities concerned should create an enabling business environment for companies (especially those with low capital) so as to have access to long-term debts to finance their operations and improve performance in the shortrun, instead of using high short-term debts to cushions for financing and profitability problems.
Download or read book The Risks of Financial Institutions written by Mark Carey and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until about twenty years ago, the consensus view on the cause of financial-system distress was fairly simple: a run on one bank could easily turn to a panic involving runs on all banks, destroying some and disrupting the financial system. Since then, however, a series of events—such as emerging-market debt crises, bond-market meltdowns, and the Long-Term Capital Management episode—has forced a rethinking of the risks facing financial institutions and the tools available to measure and manage these risks. The Risks of Financial Institutions examines the various risks affecting financial institutions and explores a variety of methods to help institutions and regulators more accurately measure and forecast risk. The contributors--from academic institutions, regulatory organizations, and banking--bring a wide range of perspectives and experience to the issue. The result is a volume that points a way forward to greater financial stability and better risk management of financial institutions.
Download or read book Understanding the Use of Long term Finance in Developing Economies written by Mr.Maria Soledad Martinez Peria and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-04-26 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short paper reviews recent literature on the use of long-term finance in developing economies (relative to advanced ones) to identify where long-term financing occurs, and what role different financial intermediaries and markets play in extending this type of financing. Although banks are the most important providers of credit, they do not seem to offer long-term financing. Capital markets have grown since the 1990s and can provide financing at fairly long terms. But few firms use these markets. Only some institutional investors provide funding at long-term maturities. Governments might help to expand long-term financing, although with limited policy tools.
Download or read book Testing Static Trade off Against Pecking Order Models of Capital Structure written by Lakshmi Shyam-Sunder and published by . This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The COVID 19 Impact on Corporate Leverage and Financial Fragility written by Sharjil M. Haque and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-05 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the impact of the COVID-19 recession on capital structure of publicly listed U.S. firms. Our estimates suggest leverage (Net Debt/Asset) decreased by 5.3 percentage points from the pre-shock mean of 19.6 percent, while debt maturity increased moderately. This de-leveraging effect is stronger for firms exposed to significant rollover risk, while firms whose businesses were most vulnerable to social distancing did not reduce leverage. We rationalize our evidence through a structural model of firm value that shows lower expected growth rate and higher volatility of cash flows following COVID-19 reduced optimal levels of corporate leverage. Model-implied optimal leverage indicates firms which did not de-lever became over-leveraged. We find default probability deteriorates most in large, over-leveraged firms and those that were stressed pre-COVID. Additional stress tests predict value of these firms will be less than one standard deviation away from default if cash flows decline by 20 percent.
Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Download or read book Guidelines for Public Debt Management Amended written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-09-12 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL
Download or read book Introduction to Business written by Lawrence J. Gitman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond.
Download or read book How Does Financial Pressure Affect Firms written by Stephen Nickell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book For Profit Enterprise in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[This book is] the most authoritative assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of recent trends toward the commercialization of health care," says Robert Pear of The New York Times. This major study by the Institute of Medicine examines virtually all aspects of for-profit health care in the United States, including the quality and availability of health care, the cost of medical care, access to financial capital, implications for education and research, and the fiduciary role of the physician. In addition to the report, the book contains 15 papers by experts in the field of for-profit health care covering a broad range of topicsâ€"from trends in the growth of major investor-owned hospital companies to the ethical issues in for-profit health care. "The report makes a lasting contribution to the health policy literature." â€"Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law.