Download or read book Accelerating Secure Computations Under Fully Homomorphic Encryption written by Alhassan Khedr and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) systems enable computations on encrypted data without decrypting and without knowledge of the secret key. In this thesis, we describe an optimized RLWE-based and NTRU-based variants of the FHE system recently proposed by Gentry, Sahai and Waters (GSW). Although the GSW system was widely believed to be less efficient than its contemporaries due to the dimensionality of its ciphertext, we demonstrate quite the opposite behavior. We first highlight and carefully exploit the algebraic features of the system to achieve significant speedup over the state-of-the-art FHE implementations, namely the IBM homomorphic encryption library (HElib) and DARPA's SIPHER implementation. We introduce several optimizations on top of our HE implementation, and use the resulting scheme to construct numerous secure applications. We introduce the first high performance Homomorphic Processing Unit (HPU) hardware accelerator. A carefully crafted parallel GPU implementation of our RLWE scheme running on an NVIDIA GeForce GTX980 achieved a speedup factor of 89,700x compared to DARPA's SIPHER v01 baseline implementation. Our single-staged homomorphic processing unit (HPU) hardware accelerator achieved a speedup factor of 57x compared to our GPU implementation. Our NTRU scheme is mathematically 4x more efficient than our RLWE scheme. In total, our NTRU scheme running on one single-staged HPU unit managed to achieve a combined speedup factor of 2x10^7 compared to DARPA's SIPHER v01 baseline implementation, which is twice the performance target originally set by DARPA's PROCEED program to accelerate fully homomorphic encryption. An additional 4.47x speedup can be achieved by implementing a log(n)-staged HPU unit at the cost of 3x the die area. Finally, by exploiting the computational independence in our FHE schemes and applications, a speedup factor of 10^9 can be achieved by distributing independent computations on 50 single-staged HPU units.

Download or read book Making Computation on Encrypted Data Practical Through Hardware Acceleration of Fully Homomorphic Encryption written by Nikola Samardzic (Researcher in electrical engineering and computer science) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables offloading computation to untrusted servers with cryptographic privacy. Despite its attractive security, FHE is not yet widely adopted due to its prohibitive overheads, about 10,000x over unencrypted computation.

Download or read book Advances in Cryptology EUROCRYPT 2012 written by David Pointcheval and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, EUROCRYPT 2012, held in Cambgridge, UK, in April 2012. The 41 papers, presented together with 2 invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 195 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on index calculus, symmetric constructions, secure computation, protocols, lossy trapdoor functions, tools, symmetric cryptanalysis, fully homomorphic encryption, asymmetric cryptanalysis, efficient reductions, public-key schemes, security models, and lattices.

Download or read book Accelerating Homomorphic Encryption in the Cloud Environment Through High level Synthesis and Reconfigurable Resources written by Michael J. Foster and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The recent surge in cloud services is revolutionizing the way that data is stored and processed. Everyone with an internet connection, from large corporations to small companies and private individuals, now have access to cutting-edge processing power and vast amounts of data storage. This rise in cloud computing and storage, however, has brought with it a need for a new type of security. In order to have access to cloud services, users must allow the service provider to have full access to their private, unencrypted data. Users are required to trust the integrity of the service provider and the security of its data centers. The recent development of fully homomorphic encryption schemes can offer a solution to this dilemma. These algorithms allow encrypted data to be used in computations without ever stripping the data of the protection of encryption. Unfortunately, the demanding memory requirements and computational complexity of the proposed schemes has hindered their wide-scale use. Custom hardware accelerators for homomorphic encryption could be implemented on the increasing number of reconfigurable hardware resources in the cloud, but the long development time required for these processors would lead to high production costs. This research seeks to develop a strategy for faster development of homomorphic encryption hardware accelerators using the process of High-Level Synthesis. Insights from existing number theory software libraries and custom hardware accelerators are used to develop a scalable, proof-of-concept software implementation of Karatsuba modular polynomial multiplication. This implementation was designed to be used with High-Level Synthesis to accelerate the large modular polynomial multiplication operations required by homomorphic encryption. The accelerator generated from this implementation by the High-Level Synthesis tool Vivado HLS achieved significant speedup over the implementations available in the highly-optimized FLINT software library."--Abstract.

Download or read book XeHE an Intel GPU Accelerated Fully Homomorphic Encryption Library A SYCL Sparkler Making the Most of C and SYCL written by Alexander Lyashevsky and published by James Reinders. This book was released on 2023-04-02 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This installment of a "SYCL Sparkler" explores in depth a way to implement a reasonably efficient implementation for Homomorphic Encryption using modern C++ with SYCL. As a result of their work, the authors learned some valuable optimization techniques and insights that the they have taken time to share in this very interesting and detailed piece. A key value of using C++ with SYCL, is the ability to be portable while supporting the ability to optimize at a lower level when it is deemed worth the effort. This work helps illustrate how the authors isolated that optimization work, and their thought process on how to pick what to optimize. The code for this implementation is available open source online. None of the performance numbers shown are intended to provide guidance on hardware selection. The authors offer their results and observations to illustrate the magnitude of changes that may correspond to the optimizations being discussed. Readers will find the information valuable to motivate their own optimization work on their applications using some of the techniques highlighted by these authors. Key Insights shared include: pros/cons of a hand-tuned vISA, memory allocation overheads, multi-tile scaling, event-based profiling, algorithm tuning, measuring of device throughput, developing with 'dualities' to increase portability and performance portability.

Download or read book A Decade of Lattice Cryptography written by Chris Peikert and published by . This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys most of the major developments in lattice cryptography over the past ten years. The main focus is on the foundational short integer solution (SIS) and learning with errors (LWE) problems, their provable hardness assuming the worst-case intractability of standard lattice problems, and their many cryptographic applications.

Download or read book Designing a Programmable Hardware Accelerator for Fully Homomorphic Encryption written by Axel S. Feldmann and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computing on encrypted data, enabling secure offloading of computation to untrusted servers. Though it provides ideal security, FHE is expensive when executed in software, 4 to 5 orders of magnitude slower than computing on unencrypted data. These overheads are a major barrier to FHE's widespread adoption. We present F1, the first FHE accelerator that is programmable, i.e., capable of executing full FHE programs. F1 builds on an in-depth architectural analysis of the characteristics of FHE computations that reveals acceleration opportunities. F1 is a wide-vector processor with novel functional units deeply specialized to FHE primitives, such as modular arithmetic, number-theoretic transforms, and structured permutations. Due to the static nature of FHE computations, F1 uses an exposed ISA, requiring novel compilation techniques to statically schedule all compute and data movement. We design a compiler that efficiently maps FHE programs onto F1 hardware and maximizes reuse of on-chip data, helping to reduce data movement bottlenecks. The compiler leverages F1's explicitly managed scratchpad to decouple computation from data movement, a necessary ingredient in achieving high performance given the large size of FHE operands. We evaluate F1 using cycle-accurate simulation and RTL synthesis. F1 is the first system to accelerate complete FHE programs, and outperforms state-of-the-art software implementations by gmean 6,500x and by up to 17,000x. These speedups counter most of FHE's overheads and enable new applications, like real-time private deep learning in the cloud.

Download or read book On Architecting Fully Homomorphic Encryption based Computing Systems written by Rashmi Agrawal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to the key concepts of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE)-based computing, and discusses the challenges associated with architecting FHE-based computing systems. Readers will see that due to FHE’s ability to compute on encrypted data, it is a promising solution to address privacy concerns arising from cloud-based services commonly used for a variety of applications including healthcare, financial, transportation, and weather forecasting. This book explains the fundamentals of the FHE operations and then presents an architectural analysis of the FHE-based computing. The authors also highlight challenges associated with accelerating FHE on various commodity platforms and argue that the FPGA platform provides a sweet spot in making privacy-preserving computing plausible.

Download or read book Fully Homomorphic Encryption in Real World Applications written by Ayantika Chatterjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-29 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the latest developments in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), an effective means of performing arbitrary operations on encrypted data before storing it in the ‘cloud’. The book begins by addressing perennial problems like sorting and searching through FHE data, followed by a detailed discussion of the basic components of any algorithm and adapting them to handle FHE data. In turn, the book focuses on algorithms in both non-recursive and recursive versions and discusses their realizations and challenges while operating in the FHE domain on existing unencrypted processors. It highlights potential complications and proposes solutions for encrypted database design with complex queries, including the basic design details of an encrypted processor architecture to support FHE operations in real-world applications.

Download or read book Secure Outsourced Computation on Encrypted Data written by Asma Aloufi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising cryptographic technique that supports computations on encrypted data without requiring decryption first. This ability allows sensitive data, such as genomic, financial, or location data, to be outsourced for evaluation in a resourceful third-party such as the cloud without compromising data privacy. Basic homomorphic primitives support addition and multiplication on ciphertexts. These primitives can be utilized to represent essential computations, such as logic gates, which subsequently can support more complex functions. We propose the construction of efficient cryptographic protocols as building blocks (e.g., equality, comparison, and counting) that are commonly used in data analytics and machine learning. We explore the use of these building blocks in two privacy-preserving applications. One application leverages our secure prefix matching algorithm, which builds on top of the equality operation, to process geospatial queries on encrypted locations. The other applies our secure comparison protocol to perform conditional branching in private evaluation of decision trees. There are many outsourced computations that require joint evaluation on private data owned by multiple parties. For example, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) is becoming feasible because of the recent advances of genome sequencing technology. Due to the sensitivity of genomic data, this data is encrypted using different keys possessed by different data owners. Computing on ciphertexts encrypted with multiple keys is a non-trivial task. Current solutions often require a joint key setup before any computation such as in threshold HE or incur large ciphertext size (at best, grows linearly in the number of involved keys) such as in multi-key HE. We propose a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of threshold and multi-key HE to support computations on ciphertexts encrypted with different keys while vastly reducing ciphertext size. Moreover, we propose the SparkFHE framework to support large-scale secure data analytics in the Cloud. SparkFHE integrates Apache Spark with Fully HE to support secure distributed data analytics and machine learning and make two novel contributions: (1) enabling Spark to perform efficient computation on large datasets while preserving user privacy, and (2) accelerating intensive homomorphic computation through parallelization of tasks across clusters of computing nodes. To our best knowledge, SparkFHE is the first addressing these two needs simultaneously."--Abstract.

Download or read book Applications of Secure Multiparty Computation written by P. Laud and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-07-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We generate and gather a lot of data about ourselves and others, some of it highly confidential. The collection, storage and use of this data is strictly regulated by laws, but restricting the use of data often limits the benefits which could be obtained from its analysis. Secure multi-party computation (SMC), a cryptographic technology, makes it possible to execute specific programs on confidential data while ensuring that no other sensitive information from the data is leaked. SMC has been the subject of academic study for more than 30 years, but first attempts to use it for actual computations in the early 2000s – although theoretically efficient – were initially not practicable. However, improvements in the situation have made possible the secure solving of even relatively large computational tasks. This book describes how many different computational tasks can be solved securely, yet efficiently. It describes how protocols can be combined to larger applications, and how the security-efficiency trade-offs of different components of an SMC application should be chosen. Many of the results described in this book were achieved as part of the project Usable and Efficient Secure Multi-party Computation (UaESMC), which was funded by the European Commission. The book will be of interest to all those whose work involves the secure analysis of confidential data.

Download or read book Hardware Acceleration for Homomorphic Encryption written by Joël Cathebras and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we propose to contribute to the definition of encrypted-computing systems for the secure handling of private data. The particular objective of this work is to improve the performance of homomorphic encryption. The main problem lies in the definition of an acceleration approach that remains adaptable to the different application cases of these encryptions, and which is therefore consistent with the wide variety of parameters. It is for that objective that this thesis presents the exploration of a hybrid computing architecture for accelerating Fan and Vercauteren's encryption scheme (FV).This proposal is the result of an analysis of the memory and computational complexity of crypto-calculation with FV. Some of the contributions make the adequacy of a non-positional number representation system (RNS) with polynomial multiplication Fourier transform over finite-fields (NTT) more effective. RNS-specific operations, inherently embedding parallelism, are accelerated on a SIMD computing unit such as GPU. NTT-based polynomial multiplications are implemented on dedicated hardware such as FPGA. Specific contributions support this proposal by reducing the storage and the communication costs for handling the NTTs' twiddle factors.This thesis opens up perspectives for the definition of micro-servers for the manipulation of private data based on homomorphic encryption.

Download or read book Introduction to Secure Outsourcing Computation written by Xiaofeng Chen and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid development of cloud computing, the enterprises and individuals can outsource their sensitive data into the cloud server where they can enjoy high quality data storage and computing services in a ubiquitous manner. This is known as the outsourcing computation paradigm. Recently, the problem for securely outsourcing various expensive computations or storage has attracted considerable attention in the academic community. In this book, we focus on the latest technologies and applications of secure outsourcing computations. Specially, we introduce the state-of-the-art research for secure outsourcing some specific functions such as scientific computations, cryptographic basic operations, and verifiable large database with update. The constructions for specific functions use various design tricks and thus result in very efficient protocols for real-world applications. The topic of outsourcing computation is a hot research issue nowadays. Thus, this book will be beneficial to academic researchers in the field of cloud computing and big data security.

Download or read book Accelerating Cryptosystems on Hardware Platforms written by Wei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In the past decade, one of the major breakthroughs in computer science theory is the first construction of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme introduced by Gentry. Using a FHE one may perform an arbitrary numbers of computations directly on the encrypted data without revealing of the secret key. Therefore, a practical FHE provides an invaluable security application for emerging technologies such as cloud computing and cloud-based storage. However, FHE is far from real life deployment due to serious efficiency impediments. The main part of this dissertation focuses on accelerating the existing FHE schemes using GPU and hardware design to make them more efficient and practical towards real-life applications. Another part of this dissertation is for the hardware design of the large key-size RSA cryptosystem. As the Moore law continues driving the computer technology, the key size of the Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA) encryption is necessary to be upgraded to 2048, 4096 or even 8192 bits to provide higher level security. In this dissertation, the FFT multiplication is employed for the large-size RSA hardware design instead of using the traditional interleaved Montgomery multiplication to show the feasibility of the FFT multiplication for large-size RSA design.

Download or read book Partially Homomorphic Encryption written by Çetin Kaya Koç and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph describes and implements partially homomorphic encryption functions using a unified notation. After introducing the appropriate mathematical background, the authors offer a systematic examination of the following known algorithms: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman; Goldwasser-Micali; ElGamal; Benaloh; Naccache-Stern; Okamoto-Uchiyama; Paillier; Damgaard-Jurik; Boneh-Goh-Nissim; and Sander-Young-Yung. Over recent years partially and fully homomorphic encryption algorithms have been proposed and researchers have addressed issues related to their formulation, arithmetic, efficiency and security. Formidable efficiency barriers remain, but we now have a variety of algorithms that can be applied to various private computation problems in healthcare, finance and national security, and studying these functions may help us to understand the difficulties ahead. The book is valuable for researchers and graduate students in Computer Science, Engineering, and Mathematics who are engaged with Cryptology.

Download or read book Advances to Homomorphic and Searchable Encryption written by Stefania Loredana Nita and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-28 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current state of the literature on the fields of homomorphic and searchable encryption, from both theoretical and practical points of view. Homomorphic and searchable encryption are still relatively novel and rapidly evolving areas and face practical constraints in the contexts of large-scale cloud computing and big data. Both encryption methods can be quantum-resistant if they use the right mathematical techniques. In fact, many fully homomorphic encryption schemes already use quantum-resistant techniques, such as lattices or characteristics of polynomials – which is what motivated the authors to present them in detail. On the one hand, the book highlights the characteristics of each type of encryption, including methods, security elements, security requirements, and the main types of attacks that can occur. On the other, it includes practical cases and addresses aspects like performance, limitations, etc. As cloud computing and big data already represent the future in terms of storing, managing, analyzing, and processing data, these processes need to be made as secure as possible, and homomorphic and searchable encryption hold huge potential to secure both the data involved and the processes through which it passes. This book is intended for graduates, professionals and researchers alike. Homomorphic and searchable encryption involve advanced mathematical techniques; accordingly, readers should have a basic background in number theory, abstract algebra, lattice theory, and polynomial algebra.

Download or read book CPU and GPU Accelerated Fully Homomorphic Encryption written by Md Toufique Morshed Tamal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is one of the most promising technologies for privacy protection as it allows an arbitrary number of function computations over encrypted data. However, the computational cost of these FHE systems limits their widespread applications. In this thesis, our objective is to improve the performance of FHE schemes by designing efficient parallel frameworks. In particular, we choose Torus Fully Homomorphic Encryption (TFHE) as it offers exact results for an infinite number of boolean gate (e.g., AND, XOR) evaluations. We first extend the gate operations to algebraic circuits such as addition, multiplication, and their vector and matrix equivalents. Secondly, we consider the multi-core CPUs to improve the efficiency of both the gate and the arithmetic operations. Finally, we port the TFHE to the Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and device novel optimizations for boolean and arithmetic circuits employing the multitude of cores. We also experimentally analyze both the CPU and GPU parallel frameworks for different numeric representations (16 to 32-bit). Our GPU implementation outperforms the existing techniques, and it achieves a speedup of 20x for any 32-bit boolean operation and 14.5x for multiplications.