Download or read book Absorber Performance and Configurations for CO2 Capture Using Aqueous Piperazine written by Darshan Jitendra Sachde and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorber design for CO2 capture with amine solvents is complicated by the presence of temperature gradients and multiple rate controlling mechanisms (chemical reaction and convective mass transfer). The development of rigorous rate-based models has created the opportunity to study the performance limiting mechanisms in detail. A structured approach was developed to validate absorber models, identify limiting phenomena, and develop configurations that specifically address limiting mechanisms. A rate-based model utilizing concentrated aqueous piperazine (PZ) was the focus of model validation and process development. The model was validated using pilot plant data, matching the number of transfer units (NTU) within + 1% while identifying a systematic bias (loading measurement) between the model and pilot plant data. The validated model was used to define limiting cases (isothermal and adiabatic absorbers) to study the effects of operating conditions on the formation of temperature-induced mass transfer pinches. The method allowed for screening of intercooling benefits – high CO2 applications (15% - 27% CO2) require intercooling over the entire practical loading range for PZ and benefit significantly from simple in-and-out intercooling with limited additional benefit expected from advanced design. Low CO2 (4% CO2) applications are expected to benefit the most from improved intercooling, but also have the largest operating window without the need for intercooling (

Download or read book Modeling of Stripper Configurations for CO2 Capture Using Aqueous Piperazine written by Tarun Madan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis seeks to improve the economic viability of carbon capture process by reducing the energy requirement of amine scrubbing technology. High steam requirement for solvent regeneration in this technology can be reduced by improvements in the regeneration process. Solvent models based on experimental results have been created by previous researchers and are available for simulation and process modeling in Aspen Plus®. Standard process modeling specifications are developed and multiple regeneration processes are compared for piperazine (a cyclic diamine) in Chapter 2. The configurations were optimized to identify optimal operating conditions for energy performance. These processes utilize methods of better heat recovery and effective separation and show 2 to 8% improvement in energy requirement as compared to conventional absorber-stripper configuration. The best configuration is the interheated stripper which requires equivalent work of 29.9 kJ/mol CO2 compared to 32.6 kJ/mol CO2 for the simple stripper. The Fawkes and Independence solvent models were used for modeling and simulation. A new regeneration configuration called the advanced flash stripper (patent pending) was developed and simulated using the Independence model. Multiple complex levels of the process were simulated and results show more than 10% improvement in energy performance. Multiple cases of operating conditions and process specifications were simulated and the best case requires equivalent work of 29 kJ/mol CO2. This work also includes modeling and simulation of pilot plant campaigns carried out for demonstration of a piperazine with a 2-stage flash on at 1 tpd CO2. Reconciliation of data was done in Aspen Plus for solvent model validation. The solvent model predicted results consistent with the measured values. A systematic error of approximately +5% was found in the rich CO2, that can be attributed to laboratory measurement errors, instrument measurement errors, and standard deviation in solvent model data. Stripper Modeling for CO2 capture from natural gas combustion was done under a project by TOTAL through the Process Science and Technology Center. Two configurations were simulated for each of three flue gas conditions (corresponding to 3%, 6% and 9% CO2). Best cases for the three conditions of flue gas require 34.9, 33.1 and 31.6 kJ/mol CO2.

Download or read book Absorber Modeling and Design in Amine Scrubbing for Carbon Capture written by Tianyu Gao and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorber design is associated with the most important trade-off between capital and operating cost for CO2 capture by amine scrubbing process. A rate-based absorber model using aqueous piperazine (PZ) has been developed prior to this work. The model is built from bench-scale or small pilot-scale experiments using "bottom-up" strategies and can be improved by larger scale pilot plant experiments. Three pilot plant campaigns were designed and conducted in this work for model validation and improvement. By identifying the systematic bias of solvent equilibrium and applying one adjustable parameter on PZ concentration (8% for NCCC 2019 and SRP 2018, 3% for NCCC 2018), the model can predict the absorber number of transfer units (NTU) and temperature profile with good accuracy. The packing performance model was also validated using experiments running with less packing area that are away from mass transfer pinch. With pilot plant experiments and process modeling, the absorber design using pump-around absorber with hot flue gas inlet was demonstrated as a superior configuration for flue gas with 4% CO2. The pump-around increases the liquid flow and provides effective cooling to the absorber. This configuration was used to design the first-of-its-kind commercial scale absorber in west Texas. The design requires only 25 ft packing, eliminates direct contact cooler and trim cooler to reduce capital cost, and uses 0.2 lean loading, low pump-around temperature (30 °C), and high pump-around rate to improve the performance and to reduce the operating cost. The hybrid and crossflow absorbers were proposed and simulated as an intensification of the pump-around absorber. The hybrid absorber can be as effective as the pump-around absorber but is constrained by intercooling temperature and water balance. The crossflow absorber features small size and high velocity and is favored when the capital cost is relatively high. Achieving higher removal using amine scrubbing was studied using both PZ and MEA solvent, and the optimal CO2 removal was found above 90% (95% for coal and 93% for gas). Zero emission of power plant was feasible using amine scrubbing with an overall cost of 50.4 $/tonne and should be considered before deploying other direct air capture technologies

Download or read book Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture written by Athanasios I. Papadopoulos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies.

Download or read book Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Absorption stripping by Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine piperazine written by Peter Thompson Frailie (II) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous thermodynamic and kinetic models were developed in Aspen Plus® Rate SepTM for 8 m PZ, 5 m PZ, 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ, and 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ. Thermodynamic data was regressed using a sequential regression methodology, and incorporated data for all amine, amine/water, and amine/water/CO2 systems. The sensitivity of CO2 absorption rate was determined in a wetted wall column simulation in Aspen Plus®, and the results were used in Microsoft Excel to determine the optimum reaction rates, activation energies, and binary diffusivities. Density, viscosity, and binary diffusivity are calculated using user-supplied FORTRAN subroutines rather than built-in Aspen Plus® correlations. Three absorber configurations were tested: adiabatic, in-and-out intercooling, and pump-around intercooling. The two intercooled configurations demonstrated comparable improvement in capacity and packing area, with the greatest improvement in 8 m PZ occurring between lean loadings of 0.20 and 0.25 mol CO2/mol alkalinity. The effects of absorber temperature and CO2 removal were tested in the adiabatic and in-and-out intercooled configurations. For 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ at a lean loading of 0.13 mol CO2/mol alkalinity reducing the absorber temperature from 40 °C to 20 °C increases capacity by 64% without an appreciable increase in packing area. Increasing CO2 removal from 90% to 99% does not double the packing area due to favorable reaction rates at the lean end of the absorber. Two stripper configurations were tested: the simple stripper and the advanced flash stripper. For all amines, absorber configurations, and lean loadings the advanced flash stripper demonstrated the better energy performance, with the greatest benefit occurring at low lean loadings. An economic estimation method was developed that converts purchased equipment cost and equivalent work to $/MT CO2. The method is based on economic factors proposed by DOE-NETL and IEAGHG. The total cost of CO2 decreases as lean loading decreases for all amines and configurations. Increasing CO2 removal from 90% to 99% results in a 1% increase in the total cost of CO2 capture. Decreasing absorber temperature for 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ from 40 °C to 20 °C decreases total cost of CO2 capture by up to 9.3%.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Absorption Into Piperazine Promoted Potassium Carbonate Using Structured Packing written by Eric Chen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large-scale pilot plant (0.43 m ID) was extensively modified and converted into an absorber/stripper system to demonstrate CO2 capture technology using aqueous piperazine promoted potassium carbonate for coalfired power plants. Four pilot plant campaigns were completed. Three campaigns were conducted using 5 m K/2.5 m PZ and 6.4 m K/1.6 m PZ. Flexipac 1Y and Flexipac AQ Style 20 structured packing were used in the absorber. The stripper was tested with 14 sieve trays, IMTP #40 random packing, and Flexipac AQ Style 20 packing. Monoethanolamine (7 m) was tested in the third campaign to establish a base case. An approximate rate analysis showed that 5 m K+/2.5 m PZ is two times faster than 7 m MEA and three times faster than 6.4 m K+/1.6 m PZ. The location of the temperature bulge moves from the top of the column to bottom as the liquid to gas flow rate ratio is increased. Foaming occurred in the absorber in the first two campaigns and occurred in the stripper in the fourth campaign. Data from the pilot plant was used to develop a K+/PZ absorber model in Aspen Plus® RateSep[trademark]. The Hilliard (2005) Aspen Plus® VLE model and the kinetics developed by Cullinane (2005) were incorporated in the model. Data-Fit was simultaneously used to reconcile pilot plant data and perform a regression of the interfacial area and heat loss parameters for the RateSep[trademark] absorber model. The lean loading for the pilot plant data was shifted down by 10% to account for a discrepancy with the Cullinane vapor-liquid equilibrium data. The Data-Fit results showed that the average interfacial area for Flexipac 1Y was 80% of the value measure by the air-water column. The average interfacial area for Flexipac AQ Style 20 for 5 m K+/2.5 m PZ was 56% of the air-water measurement. The CO2 heat of absorption may not have been adequately predicted by the RateSep[trademark] absorber model because the regressed values of heat loss were consistent with forced convection.

Download or read book Carbon Capture and Storage written by Mai Bui and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide the latest global perspective on the role and value of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. As well as providing a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission and negative emissions technologies, the book also discusses technical, economic and political issues associated with CCS along with strategies to enable commercialisation.

Download or read book Absorption Based Post Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide written by Paul Feron and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption-Based Post-Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the use of absorbents for post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide. As fossil fuel-based power generation technologies are likely to remain key in the future, at least in the short- and medium-term, carbon capture and storage will be a critical greenhouse gas reduction technique. Post-combustion capture involves the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases after fuel combustion, meaning that carbon dioxide can then be compressed and cooled to form a safely transportable liquid that can be stored underground. - Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of the amine-based methods for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases and related processes - Editors and contributors are well known experts in the field - Presents the first book on this specific topic

Download or read book Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Absorption Using Aqueous Monoethanolamine Piperazine and Promoted Potassium Carbonate written by Jorge Mario Plaza and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous CO2 absorption models were developed for aqueous 4.5 m K+/4.5 m PZ, monoethanolamine (7m - 9m), and piperazine (8m) in Aspen Plus® RateSepTM. The 4.5 m K+/4.5 m PZ model uses the Hilliard thermodynamic representation and kinetics based on work by Chen. The MEA (Phoenix) and PZ (5deMayo) models incorporate new data for partial pressure of CO2 vs. loading and kinetics from wetted wall column data. They use reduced reaction sets based on the more relevant species present at the expected operating loading. Kinetics were regressed to match reported carbon dioxide flux data using a wetted wall column (WWC). Density and viscosity were satisfactorily regressed to match newly obtained experimental data. The activity coefficient of CO2 was also regressed to include newly obtained CO2 solvent solubility data. The models were reconciled and validated using pilot plant data obtained from five campaigns conducted at the Pickle Research Center. Performance was matched within 10% of NTU for most runs. Temperature profiles are adequately represented in all campaigns. The calculated temperature profiles showed the effect of the L/G on the location and magnitude of the temperature bulge. As the L/G is increased the temperature bulge moves from near the top of the column towards the bottom and its magnitude decreases. Performance improvement due to intercooling was validated across the campaigns that evaluated this process option. Absorber intercooling was studied using various solvent rates (Lmin, 1.1 Lmin and 1.2 Lmin). It is most effective at the critical L/G where the temperature bulge without intercooling is in the middle of the column. In this case it will allow for higher absorption by reducing the magnitude of the bulge temperature. The volume of packing to get 90% removal with L/Lmin =1.1 at the critical L/G is reduced by 30% for 8m PZ. For MEA and a solvent flow rate of 1.1 Lmin packing volume is increased with intercooling at constant L/G. This increase is compensated by higher solvent loadings that suggest lower stripping energy requirements. The critical L/G is 4.3 for 8m PZ, 6.9 for 9m MEA and 4.1 for K+/PZ.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas Liquid Absorption written by Wojciech M. Budzianowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews and characterises promising single-compound solvents, solvent blends and advanced solvent systems suitable for CO2 capture applications using gas-liquid absorption. Focusing on energy efficient solvents with minimal adverse environmental impact, the contributions included analyse the major technological advantages, as well as research and development challenges of promising solvents and solvent systems in various sustainable CO2 capture applications. It provides a valuable source of information for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for chemical engineers and energy specialists.

Download or read book Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation written by Wei-Yin Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 2130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a mounting consensus that human behavior is changing the global climate and its consequence could be catastrophic. Reducing the 24 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources is a gigantic task involving both technological challenges and monumental financial and societal costs. The pursuit of sustainable energy resources, environment, and economy has become a complex issue of global scale that affects the daily life of every citizen of the world. The present mitigation activities range from energy conservation, carbon-neutral energy conversions, carbon advanced combustion process that produce no greenhouse gases and that enable carbon capture and sequestion, to other advanced technologies. From its causes and impacts to its solutions, the issues surrounding climate change involve multidisciplinary science and technology. This handbook will provide a single source of this information. The book will be divided into the following sections: Scientific Evidence of Climate Change and Societal Issues, Impacts of Climate Change, Energy Conservation, Alternative Energies, Advanced Combustion, Advanced Technologies, and Education and Outreach.

Download or read book Innovative Absorber Stripper Configurations for CO2 Capture by Aqueous Monoethanolamine written by Gary T. Rochelle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CO2 Capture by Absorption with Potassium Carbonate written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO2 capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K2CO3 promoted by piperazine. Modeling of stripper performance suggests that vacuum stripping may be an attractive configuration for all solvents. Flexipac 1Y structured packing performs in the absorber as expected. It provides twice as much mass transfer area as IMTP No. 40 dumped packing. Independent measurements of CO2 solubility give a CO2 loading that is 20% lower than that Cullinane's values with 3.6 m PZ at 100-120 C. The effective mass transfer coefficient (K{sub G}) in the absorber with 5 m K/2.5 m PZ appears to be 0 to 30% greater than that of 30 wt% MEA.

Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 38 written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents materials and physical methods for carbon dioxide sequestration. Materials include nanosponges, titanium oxide/zeolite hybrids, classical absorbents, metal oxides, ionic liquids, alkaline soils and metal organic frameworks. Methods include cryogenic capture, adsorption, solvent dissolution and soil sequestration.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Chemistry Capture and Oil Recovery written by Iyad Karamé and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels still need to meet the growing demand of global economic development, yet they are often considered as one of the main sources of the CO2 release in the atmosphere. CO2, which is the primary greenhouse gas (GHG), is periodically exchanged among the land surface, ocean, and atmosphere where various creatures absorb and produce it daily. However, the balanced processes of producing and consuming the CO2 by nature are unfortunately faced by the anthropogenic release of CO2. Decreasing the emissions of these greenhouse gases is becoming more urgent. Therefore, carbon sequestration and storage (CSS) of CO2, its utilization in oil recovery, as well as its conversion into fuels and chemicals emerge as active options and potential strategies to mitigate CO2 emissions and climate change, energy crises, and challenges in the storage of energy.

Download or read book Advanced CO2 Capture Technologies written by Shin-ichi Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarises the advanced CO2 capture technologies that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially those from large-scale sources, such as power-generation and steel-making plants. Focusing on the fundamental chemistry and chemical processes, as well as advanced technologies, including absorption and adsorption, it also discusses other aspects of the major CO2 capture methods: membrane separation; the basic chemistry and process for CO2 capture; the development of materials and processes; and practical applications, based on the authors’ R&D experience. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for researchers, teachers and students interested in CO2 problems, providing essential information on how to capture CO2 from various types of gases efficiently. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as it discusses the performance of the latest technologies applied in large-scale emission sources.

Download or read book Absorber and Aerosol Modeling in Amine Scrubbing for Carbon Capture written by Yue Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rate-based PZ aerosol growth model was developed in gPROMS [superscript ®] ModelBuilder. Amine Aerosol growth was simulated at the unique conditions of piperazine (PZ) and the pilot plant absorber configurations at the National Carbon Capture Center. Amine aerosol growth is driven by amine-limited diffusion. As aerosol concentration increases, aerosol growth decreases due to the depletion of the amine driving force in the gas phase. Aerosol growth can be increased by enhancing the gas-film mass transfer coefficient of packing. A solvent with moderate volatility, like PZ, will produce aerosol that grows to larger size and is easier to collect. Solvents with low volatility should be avoided as they produce aerosol that is hard to collect. Process configurations that provide greater water partial pressure in the water wash, such as higher operating temperature and pre-humidified empty space, will help aerosol grow. Two pilot plant campaigns were designed and conducted in this work. 5 molal (m) PZ was operated for the first time and provided significant absorber performance benefits over 8 m PZ due to enhanced mass transfer rates from lower solvent viscosity. Parametric tests were performed with a wide range of absorber operating conditions. With the existing model correction, the pilot plant absorber model could reasonably capture the measured absorber performance. For future campaigns, this work recommended that the pilot plant absorber should be operated at both pinched and not pinched conditions. Both equilibrium correction (correct for errors in solvent loading measurements and effects of degradation) and packing correction (correct for effects of rivulets and drop and additional mass transfer caused by distributors and chimney trays) should be utilized in the data reconciliation process. A membrane-amine hybrid carbon capture system for natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants was proposed and evaluated. When the inlet CO2 increases from 4% to 18%, the total absorption costs decrease by 60% and the total regeneration costs remain the same. Amine scrubbing without the direct contact cooler was found to be a superior design for NGCC carbon capture. The absorber gas inlet must be designed to avoid excessive localized temperature and solvent evaporation.