Download or read book A World Ruled by Number written by Margaret Schabas and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If any single characteristic differentiates current, neoclassical economics from the classical economics of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, it is the use of mathematics. Pointing to the critical role of William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882), Margaret Schabas demonstrates that the advent of mathematical economics in late Victorian England resulted more from new currents in logic and the philosophy of science than from problems specific to the classical theory of value and distribution. Jevons's Principles of Science (1874) was the first book to take issue with John Stuart Mill's faith in inductive reasoning, to assimilate George Boole's mathematical logic, and to discern many of the limitations that beset scientific inquiry. Together with a renewed appreciation for Bentham's utility calculus, these philosophical insights served to convince Jevons and his followers that the economic world is fundamentally quantitative and thus amenable to mathematical analysis. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Light is the Bridge between God Relativity and Quantum Physics written by Wim Vegt and published by Brave New Books. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented theory in this book has been grounded on a fundamental mathematical mistake in the famous George Maxwell’s Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory with an Impact on General Relativity, Quantum Physics and the boundaries of our Universe. In this new theory the old concept in Quantum Physics of a mystic relationship between particles, waves and mass will be replaced by a New Unification Theory in which Particles , Waves and Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. The Origin of this Universe. The Origin of this world. The Tri-Unity in Science. A science where the hundred year old “Particle-Wave” duality in quantum physics has been replaced by the “Particle-Wave-Mass” Tri-Unity. A science build on the theories of Newton. In the classical Wave-Particle duality, the mass of an elementary particle has been divided by a “De Broglie Wave” (probability wave, material wave), which is a solution of the Schrödinger Wave Equation. The mass of an electron in a spherical orbit in the Hydrogen Atom is dived by a spherical probability corresponding to the mathematical solution of the wave equation. In this new Unification Theory the Particle, the Wave and the Mass become the 3 aspects of the same origin. A concept in which probability does not exist anymore. A new concept in which light (electromagnetic waves) are the carrier of the tri-unity in this material world. That light can confines itself and create matter, create our world, create our universe. Light that has the three aspects:
Download or read book Particle Wave Mass Unification written by Wim Vegt and published by Brave New Books. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented theory in this book has been grounded on a fundamental mathematical mistake in Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory with Impact on General Relativity, Quantum Physics and the boundaries of our Universe. In this new Unification Theory, the 100 year old concept in Quantum Physics of the Particle-Wave duality has been be replaced by a Unification in which Particles , Waves and Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. The Origin of Matter, The Origin of this world, the Origin of this Universe. In the classical Wave-Particle duality, the mass of an elementary particle has been divided by a “De Broglie Wave” (probability wave, material wave), which is a solution of the Schrödinger Wave Equation. The mass of an electron in a spherical orbit in the Hydrogen Atom is dived by a spherical probability corresponding to the mathematical solution of the wave equation. In this new Unification Theory the Particle, the Wave and the Mass become the 3 aspects of the same origin. A concept in which probability does not exist anymore. The Origin of Matter. the Origin of our World. The Origin of our Universe.
Download or read book The Little Big Number written by Dirk Philipsen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A professor of economic history discusses why he believes the Gross Domestic Product, a measure of output, should not be the sole indicator of economic performance and outlines a way to develop smarter measurements and goals.
Download or read book The Economics of W S Jevons written by Sandra Peart and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Stanley Jevons occupies a pivotal position in the history of economic thought, spanning the transition from classical to neo-classical economics and playing a key role in the Marginal Revolution. The breadth of Jevons's work is examined here which: * includes a detailed consideration of a wide range of his work-policy, theoretical, methodological, applied and empirical * relies on textual exegis * takes account of a wide range of secondary sources A new approach to the 'Jevonian revolution' is adopted, which emphasizes the link between poverty and economics and focuses on the nature and meaning of rationality in Jevonian economics.
Download or read book A moral Economics written by Claudia C. Klaver and published by Ohio State University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A/Moral Economics is an interdisciplinary historical study that examines the ways which social "science" of economics emerged through the discourse of the literary, namely the dominant moral and fictional narrative genres of early and mid-Victorian England. In particular, this book argues that the classical economic theory of early-nineteenth-century England gained its broad cultural authority not directly, through the well- known texts of such canonical economic theorists as David Ricardo, but indirectly through the narratives constructed by Ricardo's popularizers John Ramsey McCulloch and Harriet Martineau. By reexamining the rhetorical and institutional contexts of classical political economy in the nineteenth century, A/Moral Economics repositions the popular writings of both supporters and detractors of political economy as central to early political economists' bids for a cultural voice. The now marginalized economic writings of McCulloch, Martineau, Henry Mayhew, and John Ruskin, as well as the texts of Charles Dickens and J. S. Mill, must be read as constituting in part the entities they have been read as merely criticizing. It is this repressed moral logic that resurfaces in a range of textual contradictions--not only in the writings of Ricardo's supporters, but, ironically, in those of his critics as well.
Download or read book Manufacturing the Employee written by Roy Jacques and published by SAGE Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1995-12-21 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary thinking about management is still frequently presented as a set of universal, eternal verities. In this fascinating book Roy Jacques presents a discursive history of industrial work relationships in the United States which powerfully demonstrates that they are not. A central concern is to show that current `common-sense' in management forms an historically and culturally specific way of thinking about work and society which is often inappropriate for `managing for the twenty-first century'. The author is equally interested in revealing the cultural basis for American management ideas, currently exported round the world as an objective science, disconnected from its cultural and historical roots. Roy Jacques considers: the Federalist world of the U S (c 1800-1870) and the traces of 19th century `pre-management' notions continuing in 20th century management and industrial discourse; the emergence and development of industrial organization and big business; the profound remapping of the boundaries of social life which occurred with the creation of jobs and wages; and the evolving construction of the employee as increasingly a disciplinary subject of psychological, personnel and general management knowledge. He also looks at several major current management and organizational topics such as: motivation, leadership and power in organizations; productivity and efficiency; work and the family; ideas about Total Quality Management, Business Process Re-engineering, `knowledge work' and so on.
Download or read book Trust in Numbers written by Theodore M. Porter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. Trust in Numbers questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. Theodore Porter argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. In a new preface, the author sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.
Download or read book Welfare and Social Policy in Britain Since 1870 written by Lawrence Goldman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of twelve essays reviews the history of welfare in Britain over the past 150 years. It focuses on the ideas that have shaped the development of British social policy, and on the thinkers who have inspired and also contested the welfare state. It thereby constructs an intellectual history of British welfare since the concept first emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. The essays divide into four sections. The first considers the transition from laissez-faire to social liberalism from the 1870s, and the enduring impact of late-Victorian philosophical idealism on the development of the welfare state. It focuses on the moral philosophy of T. H. Green and his influence on key figures in the history of British social policy like William Beveridge, R. H. Tawney, and William Temple. The second section is devoted to the concept of 'planning' which was once, in the mid-twentieth century, at the heart of social policy and its implementation, but which has subsequently fallen out of favour. A third section examines the intellectual debate over the welfare state since its creation in the 1940s. Though a consensus seemed to have emerged during the Second World War over the desirability and scope of a welfare state extending 'from the cradle to the grave', libertarian and conservative critiques endured and re-emerged a generation later. A final section examines social policy and its implementation more recently, both at grass roots level in a study of community action in West London in the districts made infamous by the fire at Grenfell Tower in 2017, and at a systemic level where different models of welfare provision are shown to be in uneasy co-existence today. The collection is a tribute to Jose Harris, emeritus professor of history in the University of Oxford and a pioneer of the intellectual history of social policy. Taken together, these essays conduct the reader through the key phases and debates in the history of British welfare.
Download or read book Greed Lust and Gender written by Nancy Folbre and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When does the pursuit of self-interest go too far, lapsing into morally unacceptable behaviour? Until the unprecedented events of the recent global financial crisis economists often seemed unconcerned with this question, even suggesting that "greed is good." A closer look, however, suggests that greed and lust are generally considered good only for men, and then only outside the realm of family life. The history of Western economic ideas shows that men have given themselves more cultural permission than women for the pursuit of both economic and sexual self-interest. Feminists have long contested the boundaries of this permission, demanding more than mere freedom to act more like men. Women have gradually gained the power to revise our conceptual and moral maps and to insist on a better-and less gendered-balance between self interest and care for others. This book brings women's work, their sexuality, and their ideas into the center of the dialectic between economic history and the history of economic ideas. It describes a spiralling process of economic and cultural change in Great Britain, France, and the United States since the 18th century that shaped the evolution of patriarchal capitalism and the larger relationship between production and reproduction. This feminist reinterpretation of our past holds profound implications for today's efforts to develop a more humane and sustainable form of capitalism.
Download or read book A Scientist s Voice in American Culture written by Albert E. Moyer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1992-09-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a full-length study of Newcomb that traces the development of his faith in science and ranges over topics of great public debate in the Gilded Age, from the reform of economic theory to the recasting of the debate between science and religion.
Download or read book Wrestling with Nature written by Peter Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and where did science begin? Historians have offered different answers to these questions, some pointing to Babylonian observational astronomy, some to the speculations of natural philosophers of ancient Greece. Others have opted for early modern Europe, which saw the triumph of Copernicanism and the birth of experimental science, while yet another view is that the appearance of science was postponed until the nineteenth century. Rather than posit a modern definition of science and search for evidence of it in the past, the contributors to Wrestling with Nature examine how students of nature themselves, in various cultures and periods of history, have understood and represented their work. The aim of each chapter is to explain the content, goals, methods, practices, and institutions associated with the investigation of nature and to articulate the strengths, limitations, and boundaries of these efforts from the perspective of the researchers themselves. With contributions from experts representing different historical periods and different disciplinary specializations, this volume offers a fresh perspective on the history of science and on what it meant, in other times and places, to wrestle with nature.
Download or read book Statistics and the Public Sphere written by Tom Crook and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary public life in Britain would be unthinkable without the use of statistics and statistical reasoning. Numbers dominate political discussion, facilitating debate while also attracting criticism on the grounds of their veracity and utility. However, the historical role and place of statistics within Britain’s public sphere has yet to receive the attention it deserves. There exist numerous histories of both modern statistical reasoning and the modern public sphere; but to date, there are no works which, quite pointedly, aim to analyse the historical entanglement of the two. Statistics and the Public Sphere: Numbers and the People in Modern Britain, c.1800-2000 directly addresses this neglected area of historiography, and in so doing places the present in some much needed historical perspective.
Download or read book William Stanley Jevons and the Cutting Edge of Economics written by Bert Mosselmans and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impressive young scholar Bert Mosselmans, analyzing the theory and policy of Jevons, a major figure in the field of the history of economics, has put together a volume with broad international appeal, particularly in Europe, North America and Japan, that offers a synthetic approach to Jevons’ economic theory, applied economics and economic policy. Adopting a relativist approach to his subject, Mosselmans focuses on all aspects of Jevons’ theory, tying the different strands together where appropriate and discriminating where necessary. Examining the relation between theory and practise he situates Jevons within the history of economic thought and in relation to his logic, ethics, religion and aesthetics. Ideal for scholars working in the fields of philosophy and history as well as economics, this ambitious and insightful work offers a comprehensive analysis of one of the founding fathers of modern economic thought, whose work marked a new chapter in its history, bridging the gap between classical and neo-classical economics.
Download or read book The Michigan Alumnus written by and published by UM Libraries. This book was released on 1986 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In volumes1-8: the final number consists of the Commencement annual.
Download or read book The Player Piano and the Edwardian Novel written by Cecilia Björkén-Nyberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her study of music-making in the Edwardian novel, Cecilia Björkén-Nyberg argues that the invention and development of the player piano had a significant effect on the perception, performance and appreciation of music during the period. In contrast to existing devices for producing music mechanically such as the phonograph and gramophone, the player piano granted its operator freedom of individual expression by permitting the performer to modify the tempo. Because the traditional piano was the undisputed altar of domestic and highly gendered music-making, Björkén-Nyberg suggests, the potential for intervention by the mechanical piano's operator had a subversive effect on traditional notions about the status of the musical work itself and about the people who were variously defined by their relationship to it. She examines works by Dorothy Richardson, E.M. Forster, Henry Handel Richardson, Max Beerbohm and Compton Mackenzie, among others, contending that Edwardian fiction with music as a subject undermined the prevalent antithesis, expressed in contemporary music literature, between a nineteenth-century conception of music as a means of transcendence and the increasing mechanisation of music as represented by the player piano. Her timely survey of the player piano in the context of Edwardian commercial and technical discourse draws on a rich array of archival materials to shed new light on the historically conditioned activity of music-making in early twentieth-century fiction.
Download or read book Mathematics in Victorian Britain written by photographer and broadcaster Foreword by Dr Adam Hart-Davis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Victorian era, industrial and economic growth led to a phenomenal rise in productivity and invention. That spirit of creativity and ingenuity was reflected in the massive expansion in scope and complexity of many scientific disciplines during this time, with subjects evolving rapidly and the creation of many new disciplines. The subject of mathematics was no exception and many of the advances made by mathematicians during the Victorian period are still familiar today; matrices, vectors, Boolean algebra, histograms, and standard deviation were just some of the innovations pioneered by these mathematicians. This book constitutes perhaps the first general survey of the mathematics of the Victorian period. It assembles in a single source research on the history of Victorian mathematics that would otherwise be out of the reach of the general reader. It charts the growth and institutional development of mathematics as a profession through the course of the 19th century in England, Scotland, Ireland, and across the British Empire. It then focuses on developments in specific mathematical areas, with chapters ranging from developments in pure mathematical topics (such as geometry, algebra, and logic) to Victorian work in the applied side of the subject (including statistics, calculating machines, and astronomy). Along the way, we encounter a host of mathematical scholars, some very well known (such as Charles Babbage, James Clerk Maxwell, Florence Nightingale, and Lewis Carroll), others largely forgotten, but who all contributed to the development of Victorian mathematics.
