Download or read book A Voltage Controlled Oscillator for a Phase Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizer in a Silicon on Sapphire Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers from a government-owned engineering and manufacturing facility were contracted by government-owned research laboratory to design and build an S-band telemetry transmitter using Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) technology packaged in a Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) Multi-Chip Module. The integrated circuit technology chosen for the Phase-Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizer portion of the telemetry transmitter was a 0.25 um CMOS process that utilizes a sapphire substrate and is fabricated by Peregrine Semiconductor corporation. This thesis work details the design of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) portion of the PLL frequency synthesizer and constitutes an fully integrated VCO core circuit and a high-isolation buffer amplifier. The high-isolation buffer amplifier was designed to provide 16 dB of gain for 2200-3495 MHz as well as 60 dB of isolation for the oscillator core to provide immunity to frequency pulling due to RF load mismatch. Actual measurements of the amplifier gain and isolation showed the gain was approximately 5 dB lower than the simulated gain when all bond-wire and test substrate parasitics were taken into account. The isolation measurements were shown to be 28 dB at the high end of the frequency band but the measurement was more than likely compromised due to the aforementioned bond-wire and test substrate parasitics. The S-band oscillator discussed in this work was designed to operate over a frequency range of 2200 to 2300 MHz with a minimum output power of 0 dBm with a phase-noise of -92 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from the carrier. The tuning range was measured to be from 2215 MHz to 2330 MHz with a minimum output power of -7 dBm over the measured frequency range. A phase-noise of -90 dBc was measured at a 100 kHz offset from the carrier.
Download or read book A Digital Voltage controlled Oscillator for Phase Lock Loops written by Dominick E. Santarpia and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A 1 8 GHz LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator Using On chip Inductors and Body Driven Varactors in CMOS 0 35 mu m Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era dominated by the highly demanding wireless communication system, there is a great need for developing small, cheap, and low power RF sub-systems. This demand has lead to significant research on completely integrated transceiver systems. One of the great challenges in an integrated transceiver system is the frequency synthesizer. Frequency synthesizers are usually implemented using a phase locked loop (PLL) and low frequency highly stable crystal oscillator. The spectral purity of a synthesized carrier signal depends on the kind of Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) used. Hence successful implementation of a low phase noise, completely integrated VCO in standard CMOS process is a major step towards implementing a completely integrated transceiver. The best VCO architecture in terms of noise performance is LC-VCO. The aim of the current research is to design a completely integrated 1.8 GHz LC-VCO for a GSM or DCS-1800 receiver in standard CMOS 0.35 [mu]m technology. The major challenge in a completely integrated LC-VCO is to develop an fully integrated inductor. In this research various means of implementing an integrated inductor have been scrutinized and the best feasible among them the on-chip spiral inductor has been analyzed elaborately. The complete design cycle from describing the specification of an inductor to the final layout in Cadence has been described. Also a new symmetrical, highly balanced on-chip inductor has been used in the current design. Another important and the most critical challenge is to implement a very high tuning range, high Q-factor on-chip varactor in standard CMOS process. In this research a new body driven varactor, which is forced to operate in accumulation mode has been developed and analyzed elaborately. The tuning range specification for the design was chosen to be 200 MHz accounting for component tolerance. Various means of measuring phase noise has been elaborately analyzed. Also detailed study on improving the noise performance of the LC-VCO has been studied.
Download or read book A Digitally Controlled Very High Frequency Synthesizer written by Joan H. Middleton and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Frequency Synthesizers for Wireless Systems written by Andrea Leonardo Lacaita and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-28 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly demanding performance requirements of communications systems, as well as problems posed by the continued scaling of silicon technology, present numerous challenges for the design of frequency synthesizers in modern transceivers. This book contains everything you need to know for the efficient design of frequency synthesizers for today's communications applications. If you need to optimize performance and minimize design time, you will find this book invaluable. Using an intuitive yet rigorous approach, the authors describe simple analytical methods for the design of phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers using scaled silicon CMOS and bipolar technologies. The entire design process, from system-level specification to layout, is covered comprehensively. Practical design examples are included, and implementation issues are addressed. A key problem-solving resource for practitioners in IC design, the book will also be of interest to researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering.
Download or read book Oscillators written by Source Wikipedia and published by University-Press.org. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 65. Chapters: Electronic oscillator, Multivibrator, Costas loop, Phase-locked loop, Crystal oscillator, Phase noise, Voltage-controlled oscillator, Crystal oscillator frequencies, Parametric oscillator, Blocking oscillator, 555 timer IC, Frequency synthesizer, Quartz clock, Variable-frequency oscillator, Relaxation oscillator, Numerically-controlled oscillator, Crystal oven, Wien bridge oscillator, Colpitts oscillator, Carrier recovery, Direct digital synthesizer, Oscillator phase noise, Pierce oscillator, Injection locking, Self-pulsation, Ring oscillator, Oscillator sync, Parasitic oscillation, Digitally-controlled oscillator, Hartley oscillator, Chua's circuit, Delay-locked loop, Oscillator linewidth, Armstrong oscillator, RC oscillator, Clapp oscillator, Vacka oscillator, Phase-shift oscillator, Beat frequency oscillator, Dynatron oscillator, Opto-electronic oscillator, Grid dip oscillator, HP200A, Robinson oscillator, Tri-tet oscillator, Analog temperature controlled crystal oscillator, Delay line oscillator, Resonant inverter, Switching time, Local oscillator, Royer oscillator, Injection locked frequency divider, Oscillistor, Digital Clock Manager.
Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frequency Synthesizers written by Vadim Manassewitsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1976 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Frequency Synthesizers for Wireless Systems written by Andrea Lacaita and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly demanding performance requirements of communications systems, as well as problems posed by the continued scaling of silicon technology, present numerous challenges for the design of frequency synthesizers in modern transceivers. This book contains everything you need to know for the efficient design of frequency synthesizers for today's communications applications. If you need to optimize performance and minimize design time, you will find this book invaluable. Using an intuitive yet rigorous approach, the authors describe simple analytical methods for the design of phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers using scaled silicon CMOS and bipolar technologies. The entire design process, from system-level specification to layout, is covered comprehensively. Practical design examples are included, and implementation issues are addressed. A key problem-solving resource for practitioners in IC design, the book will also be of interest to researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering.
Download or read book Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers written by Ulrich L. Rohde and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1983 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated RF CMOS Frequency Synthesizers and Oscillators for Wireless Applications written by Adem Aktas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) frequency synthesizers are used in wireless transceivers for frequency conversion. Recent directions in PLL frequency synthesizer research and development are to fully integrate PLL synthesizers in CMOS technology, to improve phase noise performance, and to operate wide range of frequency bands and channel bandwidths. Fully integration of synthesizers in CMOS technology is desired for low cost, low power consumption and small size in mobile wireless terminals. Low phase noise is required by digital modulation techniques which have been used in new mobile standards for the efficient use of the frequency spectrum. Operation over a wide range of frequency bands and channel bandwidths are required to support migration and backward compatibility in the wireless standard evolution. This work investigates the PLL frequency synthesizer design and implementation in CMOS technology with focus on integration of wideband VCOs (Voltage-Controlled Oscillators). Phase noise of a PLL synthesizer is a major design parameter. A PLL noise model is developed for noise optimization purposes. Wideband RF VCO design with sub-bands is investigated. Frequency planning, synthesizer architecture and technology considerations are also explored for wideband VCO design. Band switching techniques VCO tuning range presented. Active VCO circuit topologies and resonator design are also presented. The PLL frequency synthesizers are designed and implemented for a multi-band/standard(IEEE 802.11a/b/g) WLAN radio in 0.18um CMOS. Phase noise trade-offs for PLL design are explored in this application. Development and design of a wideband VCO for this application is also presented. An auto calibration circuit is developed for VCO tuning band selection. Another application of the wideband PLL frequency synthesizer is designed and implemented for a fully integrated dual-mode frequency synthesizer for GSM and WCDMA standards in 0.5um CMOS. A hybrid integer-N/fractional-N architecture is developed to meet the multi-standard requirements. Design and implementation of high performance RF VCO depends on the RF models of the devices. RF CMOS characterization and modeling techniques are explored. Microwave wafer measurement and calibration techniques are also investigated for CMOS technology.
Download or read book Reconfigurable Dual mode Voltage controlled Oscillator and Wideband Frequency Synthesizer for Millimeter wave Applications written by Cheng-Hsien Hung and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demands for high data-rate communications and high-precision sensing applications have pushed wireless systems towards higher operating frequencies where wider bandwidth is available. Examples of such applications include 60 GHz indoor communications and vehicular RADAR around 77 GHz. High-speed frequency synthesizers integrated in a CMOS process, with wide operating bandwidth, and low phase noise are key to low-cost transceiver implementations for such applications. The requirement to operate over a wide span of carrier frequencies arises from two key sources. The system itself often requires a wide tuning range, in excess of 5-10% of the carrier frequency. Further, it is necessary to compensate for the uncertainty in operating frequencies, caused by process and temperature variations. This dissertation introduces a dual-mode voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) topology, embedded in a frequency synthesizer, for wideband operation. The VCO can operate in two oscillation modes by reconfiguring the active negative resistance core around the LC tank that is employed as the resonator element in the oscillator. A key aspect to the design is that the switches used for mode reconfiguration do not contribute to the tank loss. The frequency spacing of the two modes is determined by an accurate inductor ratio. It is demonstrated through analysis that in order to ensure mode-switching, the size of the switches needs be larger than a critical value, which is a function of the electrical properties of the cross-coupled, negative resistance core, as well as the resonator used in the design. The impact of noise injection and mismatch on switching behavior is also analyzed. The VCO topology has been implemented in a 65nm CMOS process. The design demonstrates measured tuning ranges of 56.9 GHz to 65.4 GHz, and 64.6 GHz to 75.3 GHz, in the two respective modes, for a total effective tuning range of 28%. The oscillator consumes 13 mW, with a 1 V-supply, and its Figure of Merit with tuning range (FOM[subscript T]) is -177.2 dB. An integer-N frequency synthesizer that employs the dual-mode VCO, has also been designed and verified in a 65 nm CMOS process. The synthesizer has a locking range from 56 GHz to 63.9 GHz in its low frequency mode. The total power consumption of the synthesizer, including output buffers, is approximately 50 mW. The in-band phase noise, at a locked frequency of 63.04 GHz, is -88.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.
Download or read book A Monolithic Phase Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizer for a 0 5um CMOS Process written by Praveen Reddy Parva and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conference Record of Papers Presented at the Annual Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conference Record of Papers Presented at the Thirty first Annual Conference Washington DC April 6 7 8 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Digital Voltage controlled Oscillator for Phase Lock Loops written by Dominick E. Santarpia and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase locked loop Frequency Synthesizer written by Ali G. Bidgoli and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
