Download or read book A Variety of Causes written by Paul Noordhof and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Variety of Causes written by Paul Noordhof and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book length defence of a counterfactual theory of causation. The analysis defended is new. It expresses the idea that, independent of its competitors, a cause raises the chance of an effect over its mean background chance by a complete causal chain. The analysis depends upon a novel development of David Lewis's Theory of Counterfactuals. One consequence of the analysis is that causation is not transitive. Causation is also nonsymmetric. The counterfactual basis of causal nonsymmetry is the result of a number of different, and sometimes interacting, nonsymmetries. The analysis allows for the development of a novel theory of events whose nature is independent of their role in causation and the identification of one other important causal relationship: property causation. Although compatible with Hume's denial of necessary connections between distinct existences, a key feature of the theory is that it benefits from being independent of the Humean framework. There are two ways in which something may be metaphysically fundamental: vertically and horizontally. Many metaphysicians emphasise vertical fundamentality and focus on truth making. The book rejects this emphasis and the truth making approach in particular. Horizontally fundamental metaphysical entities are those that are necessary components in different possible universes. Causation has a claim to be horizontally fundamental: the cement of any universe. Laws are patterns of causation realised in different metaphysical frameworks such as those articulated by Lewis, Armstrong and the powers ontologists. The book recognises varieties of causation both in, for example, counting cases of double prevention and causation by genuine processes as types of causation, and allowing that the analysis identifies causes across these different metaphysical frameworks.

Download or read book A Variety of Causes written by Paul Noordhof and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book length defence of a counterfactual theory of causation. The analysis defended is new. It expresses the idea that, independent of its competitors, a cause raises the chance of an effect over its mean background chance by a complete causal chain. The analysis depends upon a novel development of David Lewis's Theory of Counterfactuals. One consequence of the analysis is that causation is not transitive. Causation is also nonsymmetric. The counterfactual basis of causal nonsymmetry is the result of a number of different, and sometimes interacting, nonsymmetries. The analysis allows for the development of a novel theory of events whose nature is independent of their role in causation and the identification of one other important causal relationship: property causation. Although compatible with Hume's denial of necessary connections between distinct existences, a key feature of the theory is that it benefits from being independent of the Humean framework. There are two ways in which something may be metaphysically fundamental: vertically and horizontally. Many metaphysicians emphasise vertical fundamentality and focus on truth making. The book rejects this emphasis and the truth making approach in particular. Horizontally fundamental metaphysical entities are those that are necessary components in different possible universes. Causation has a claim to be horizontally fundamental: the cement of any universe. Laws are patterns of causation realised in different metaphysical frameworks such as those articulated by Lewis, Armstrong and the powers ontologists. The book recognises varieties of causation both in, for example, counting cases of double prevention and causation by genuine processes as types of causation, and allowing that the analysis identifies causes across these different metaphysical frameworks.

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Download or read book Getting Causes from Powers written by Stephen Mumford and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causation is everywhere in the world: it features in every science and technology. But how much do we understand it? Here, the authors develop a new theory of causation based on an ontology of real powers or dispositions. They provide the first detailed outline of a thoroughly dispositional approach, and explore its surprising features.

Download or read book Interim Assessment the Causes and Effects of Acidic Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interim Assessment the Causes and Effects of Acidic Deposition Atmospheric processes written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Essay on the Causes of the Variety of Complexion and Figure in the Human Species written by Samuel Stanhope Smith and published by . This book was released on 1800 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book West Indian Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Species Not Transmutable Nor the Result of Secondary Causes written by Charles Robert Bree and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Journal of Medical Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Asthma Causes Symptoms and Effective Treatment Approaches written by Ethan D. Anderson and published by BornIncredible.com. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Complete Guide to Understanding and Managing Asthma for a Healthy and Fulfilling Life Discover comprehensive insights and practical advice on asthma with this indispensable resource for individuals living with the condition, their families, and healthcare professionals. Asthma affects millions of people worldwide, impacting their quality of life and posing significant health risks. This comprehensive guide, "Asthma: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Approaches," provides an in-depth understanding of the condition, its history, impact, causes, and various types of asthma. It also explores treatment options, lifestyle modifications, and strategies for managing asthma triggers. The book delves into specific topics such as: The relationship between allergies, irritants, respiratory infections, exercise, family history, genetics, obesity, occupational exposures, and stress on asthma Diagnosis techniques like spirometry, peak flow meter, allergy testing, bronchial provocation tests, and more Overview of asthma medications, complementary and alternative therapies, and the importance of following an asthma action plan Nutrition and lifestyle changes in treatment, including exercise, diet, quitting smoking or vaping, reducing irritants, and stress management Coping with emotional and social challenges of living with asthma, education and advocacy for asthma awareness, and supporting loved ones with asthma With personal stories that offer encouragement and inspiration, this book also discusses asthma in children, older adults, and during pregnancy. It covers asthma emergencies and when to seek medical attention, as well as the latest research and innovations in the field, such as biological therapies, gene therapy, personalized medicine, smart inhalers, and more. "Asthma: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Approaches" is an essential resource for anyone affected by asthma, providing a wealth of knowledge and practical guidance to help improve quality of life and better manage this chronic condition. Don't let asthma control your life or the life of your loved ones; take charge with this comprehensive guide. Get your copy of "Asthma: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Approaches" today and take the first step towards a healthier, more fulfilling life with asthma! Table of Contents Introduction The History Of Asthma Definition And Explanation Of Asthma Statistics On Asthma Prevalence And Impact On Individuals And Society The Impact Of Asthma Both Globally And Nationally. The Causes Of Asthma The Relationship Between Allergies And Asthma The Relationship Between Irritants And Asthma The Relationship Between Respiratory Infections And Asthma The Relationship Between Exercise And Asthma The Relationship Between Family History And Asthma The Relationship Between Genetics And Asthma The Relationship Between Obesity And Asthma The Relationship Between Occupational Exposures And Asthma The Relationship Between Stress And Asthma Controversial Theories About Asthma. Pathophysiology Of Asthma Types Of Asthma Bronchial Asthma Intermittent Asthma Persistent Asthma Reactive Airway Disease Brittle Asthma Common Triggers For Asthma Attacks Symptoms Of Asthma Physical Symptoms Emotional Symptoms How Asthma Is Diagnosed Spirometry: Peak Flow Meter: Allergy Testing: Bronchial Provocation Test: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing: Methacholine challenge testing: Other Possible Tests Treatment Options For Asthma Overview Of Asthma Medications Complementary And Alternative Therapies Importance Of Following An Asthma Action Plan The Role Of Healthcare Professionals Questions To Ask Your Doctor The Role Of Nutrition And Lifestyle Changes In Treatment Living With Asthma Managing Asthma Triggers In The Home, Workplace, And Other Environments Identify Your Asthma Triggers Lifestyle Modifications To Reduce Asthma Symptoms Reduce Asthma Symptoms With Exercise: Reduce Asthma Symptoms With Diet Reduce Asthma Symptoms By Quiting Smoking Or Vaping Reduce Asthma Symptoms By Reducing Irritants Reduce Asthma Symptoms By Reducing Stress Possible Natural Remedies Tips To Help Prevent Asthma Attacks What To Do During An Asthma Attack Breathing Normalization Breathing Exercises That May Help Your Asthma Hyperventilation To Help With Asthma Coping With Emotional And Social Challenges Of Living With Asthma Education And Advocacy For Asthma Awareness Asthma In Children And Older Adults Do You Ever Outgrow Asthma Asthma And Pregnancy Asthma Emergencies And When To Seek Medical Attention Research And Innovations Biological Therapies: Gene therapy: Personalized Medicine: Smart Inhalers: Air Pollution Monitoring: Virtual Reality Therapy: Nanotechnology: Telemedicine: Precision medicine: Environmental interventions: Wearable technology: Asthma apps: Living With Asthma Encouragement And Inspiration For Those Living With Asthma Supporting Loved Ones With Asthma How To Support A Partner, Family Member, Or Friend With The Condition Tips For Providing Emotional Support And Practical Assistance Personal Stories Emily’s Story Rachel’s Story Lily’s Story Ava’s Story Kasia’s Story Anna’s Story David’s Story Ryan’s Story Rohan’s Story Anjali’s Story Aarav’s Story Kahu’s Story Looking Forward Current Research And Advancements In Treatment Options Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions. What is the main cause of asthma? What are the 3 types of asthma? How do u know if u have asthma? What are 2 triggers of asthma? Can you get rid of asthma? What asthmatics should avoid? What is the best treatment for asthma? Why is asthma worse at night? Does asthma get worse with age? What is an asthma cough like? How do I test for asthma? What does an asthma cough sound like? How do you calm an asthma cough at night? Does stress trigger asthma? Does asthma make you tired? Do asthma patients live long? What are the foods that trigger asthma? What helps asthma without an inhaler? What foods help asthma? Is cold water good for asthma? Is asthma higher risk for Covid? What naturally heals asthma? Can your lungs heal from asthma? What exercises cure asthma? What position should I sleep in for asthma? What are the side effects of Ventolin? When should you go to the hospital for asthma? Does asthma show up on xray? What happens if asthma is untreated? At what age is asthma most severe? What is difference between asthma and bronchial asthma? What is the best treatment for bronchial asthma? What is the most common symptom of bronchial asthma? What can trigger bronchial asthma? How serious is bronchial asthma? What should I avoid if I have bronchial asthma? How do you test for bronchial asthma? Which drug will aggravate bronchial asthma? What are the three 3 most common triggers for asthma? How long does bronchial asthma last? How can you tell the difference between bronchial asthma and COPD? What is the most severe asthma called? Are you contagious if you have bronchial asthma? What is the difference between bronchitis and bronchial asthma? Can bronchial asthma be cured permanently? Can bronchial asthma cause sudden death? Is walking good for bronchial asthma? What are the five foods that trigger asthma? Is banana good for bronchial asthma? Which fruit is good for bronchial asthma? What does asthmatic bronchitis feel like? Is paracetamol good for asthma? What medication opens up airways? Why can't asthmatics have ibuprofen? What are silent asthma symptoms? How do I know if I have bronchitis or emphysema? Can bronchial asthma lead to COPD? Is asthma cough wet or dry? Do asthmatics cough up phlegm? What's the best way to get phlegm out of your chest? What triggers intermittent asthma? What are the symptoms of intermittent asthma? Can intermittent asthma be cured? How is intermittent asthma diagnosed? What is the treatment for intermittent asthma? What medication is used for mild intermittent asthma? What is silent asthma? What is the life expectancy of someone with asthma? What is quick relief of symptoms of intermittent asthma? How do you calm an asthma flare up? Is it normal to have asthma attacks every day? What makes asthma worse at night? Why have I suddenly developed asthma? What medication do they give you for asthma in New Zealand? How can I calm my asthma without medication? How is mild intermittent asthma diagnosed? What is the mildest form of asthma? What are the 5 stages of asthma? What type of asthma is considered the most life threatening? Does asthma mean you have weak lungs? What does untreated asthma feel like? Does anxiety trigger asthma? Does asthma get worse as you age? Does walking help asthma? Is asthma related to heart problems? What an asthmatic person should avoid? Does cold air help asthma? What foods help with asthma? How do I know what type of asthma I have? Can asthma flare up for no reason? What causes persistent asthma? What are the 4 categories of asthma? What does persistent asthma feel like? What is the treatment for persistent asthma? Can persistent asthma be cured? What is the most serious type of asthma? What is the last stage of asthma? How do I know if my asthma is severe? Why wont my asthma go away? What is stage 4 asthma? What to do if inhaler isn t helping? What is the strongest asthma treatment? What medication is used for severe persistent asthma? Can you live a long life with severe asthma? Is cold air good for asthma? Does asthma worsen with age? What condition is worse than asthma? Why has my asthma suddenly got worse? How can I strengthen my lungs from asthma? Is asthma considered a disability? Can a chest xray show asthma? Can Ventolin make asthma worse? Why is my Ventolin inhaler not working? How do I know if I have COPD or asthma? What qualifies as uncontrolled asthma? When should you step down for asthma? What is the new asthma drug 2022? Does asthma lead to COPD? What do hospitals do for asthma attacks? When steroids don't help asthma? What triggers reactive airway disease? Is reactive airway disease serious? Can reactive airways be cured? What does reactive airway disease feel like? How do you calm reactive airways? Can anxiety cause reactive airway disease? How long can reactive airway disease last? Does reactive airway disease turn into asthma? Is there a difference between asthma and reactive airway disease? Is reactive airway disease caused by Covid? Can a virus cause reactive airway disease? What reduces inflammation in the airways? What age is reactive airway disease? Can airway inflammation go away? What medicine relaxes airways? Can sinusitis cause reactive airway? What are the symptoms of inflammation of airways? What are the 2 most common inflammatory diseases of the airway? Is inflammation of the airways serious? What steroids treat reactive airway disease? Does reactive airway disease cause sleep apnea? Is reactive airway disease the same as bronchiolitis? What causes air trapping in lungs? How do you get small airways disease? How do you treat air trapping in the lungs? How long does it take for inflamed airways to heal? How can I reduce inflammation in my airways naturally? Why can't asthmatics take ibuprofen? Is reactive airway disease genetic? Which condition is permanent inflammation of the airways?

Download or read book The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss written by Alexander Wood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is losing species and biodiversity at an unprecedented rate. The causes go deep and the losses are driven by a complex array of social, economic, political and biological factors at different levels. Immediate causes such as over-harvesting, pollution and habitat change have been well studied, but the socioeconomic factors driving people to degrade their environment are less well understood. This book examines the underlying causes. It provides analyses of a range of case studies from Brazil, Cameroon, China, Danube River Basin, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Tanzania and Vietnam, and integrates them into a new and interdisciplinary framework for understanding what is happening. From these results, the editors are able to derive policy conclusions and recommendations for operational and institutional approaches to address the root causes and reverse the current trends. It makes a contribution to the understanding of all those - from ecologists and conservationists to economists and policy makers - working on one of the major challenges we face.

Download or read book Perfecting Wisdom written by The Dalai Lama and published by Shambhala Publications. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a lecture given by the Dalai Lama on the wisdom chapter of A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life, this book comments on Tibetan Buddhist philosophy in a clear and direct way. Shantideva’s A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life is one of the most important texts in the Mahayana tradition of Buddhist practice. Its ninth chapter, the section on transcendent wisdom, is known among Buddhist scholars as a challenging exposition of Madhyamika philosophy and difficult to understand without a commentary. This extraordinarily clear discussion of the wisdom chapter is based on an oral teaching given by His Holiness the Dalai Lama before an audience of thousands of Tibetans and Westerners. This invaluable volume with its precise explanation of core issues of Tibetan Buddhism stands as a key work in Buddhist literature. This book was previously published under the title Transcendent Wisdom.

Download or read book Research Bulletin written by Charles Embree Thorne and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Getting Causes from Powers written by Stephen Mumford and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015-01-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causation is everywhere in the world: it features in every science and technology. But how much do we truly understand it? Do we know what it means to say that one thing is a cause of another and do we understand what in the world drives causation? Getting Causes from Powers develops a new and original theory of causation based on an ontology of real powers or dispositions. Others have already suggested that this ought to be possible, but no one has yet performed the detailed work. Stephen Mumford and Rani Lill Anjum argue here that the completed theory will not look exactly as anyone has yet anticipated, and that a thoroughly dispositional theory of causation has some surprising features, for instance with respect to modality. The book is not restricted to the metaphysics of causation, but treats a variety of topics such as explanation, perception, modelling, the logic of causal claims, transitivity, and nonlinearity, and the empirical credentials of the theory are tested with reference to biology.

Download or read book Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia written by Wagner F. Gattaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the conferences and discussions presented at the 4th sym posium on the SEARCH FOR THE CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, which took place in Guaruja, Brazil, November 1998. This series of symposia started in 1986, on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the University of Heidelberg, followed by two others in 1989 and 1993. From these meeting resulted three volumes that have been widely used as a reference for comprehensive reviews on the state of the art in schizophrenia research. They reflect the progresses result ing from the most relevant studies on the etiology of the disease. The spirit of the 4th "Search for the Causes" remains the same: again we gathered some of the most prominent researchers on schizophrenia to contrib ute not only with their own data, but also summing up the state of the art and the perspectives in their areas of work. The topics covered in 6 parts are Epide miology, Risk factors and antecedents, Genetics, Neuropathology and neuro chemistry, Brain imaging and function, and Treatment and rehabilitation. In this 4th volume were introduced in each topic a chapter on the "Balance of the Cen tury", to summarize what did we learn (and what we did not) in the last 100 years of schizophrenia research. We hope that this volume can help us to see how far we are in the Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia and how much further we still have to go before our problem can be solved.