Download or read book A Thermoelastic Hydraulic Fracture Design Tool for Geothermal Reservoir Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is recovered by circulating water through heat exchange areas within a hot rock mass. Geothermal reservoir rock masses generally consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have low matrix permeability. Therefore, cracks and fractures play a significant role in extraction of geothermal energy by providing the major pathways for fluid flow and heat exchange. Thus, knowledge of conditions leading to formation of fractures and fracture networks is of paramount importance. Furthermore, in the absence of natural fractures or adequate connectivity, artificial fracture are created in the reservoir using hydraulic fracturing. At times, the practice aims to create a number of parallel fractures connecting a pair of wells. Multiple fractures are preferred because of the large size necessary when using only a single fracture. Although the basic idea is rather simple, hydraulic fracturing is a complex process involving interactions of high pressure fluid injections with a stressed hot rock mass, mechanical interaction of induced fractures with existing natural fractures, and the spatial and temporal variations of in-situ stress. As a result it is necessary to develop tools that can be used to study these interactions as an integral part of a comprehensive approach to geothermal reservoir development, particularly enhanced geothermal systems. In response to this need we have set out to develop advanced thermo-mechanical models for design of artificial fractures and rock fracture research in geothermal reservoirs. These models consider the significant hydraulic and thermo-mechanical processes and their interaction with the in-situ stress state. Wellbore failure and fracture initiation is studied using a model that fully couples poro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical effects. The fracture propagation model is based on a complex variable and regular displacement discontinuity formulations. In the complex variable approach the displacement discontinuities are defined from the numerical solution of a complex hypersingular integral equation written for a given fracture configuration and loading. The fracture propagation studies include modeling interaction of induced fractures with existing discontinuities such as faults and joints. In addition to the fracture propagation studies, two- and three-dimensional heat extraction solution algorithms have been developed and used to estimate heat extraction and the variations of the reservoir stress with cooling. The numerical models have been developed in a user-friendly environment to create a tool for improving fracture design and investigating single or multiple fracture propagation in rock.

Download or read book Fracture Propagation and Permeability Change Under Poro thermoelastic Loads Silica Reactivity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is recovered by circulating water through heat exchange areas within a hot rock mass. Geothermal reservoir rock masses generally consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have low matrix permeability. Therefore, cracks and fractures play a significant role in extraction of geothermal energy by providing the major pathways for fluid flow and heat exchange. Therefore, knowledge of the conditions leading to formation of fractures and fracture networks is of paramount importance. Furthermore, in the absence of natural fractures or adequate connectivity, artificial fractures are created in the reservoir using hydraulic fracturing. Multiple fractures are preferred because of the large size necessary when using only a single fracture. Although the basic idea is rather simple, hydraulic fracturing is a complex process involving interactions of high pressure fluid injections with a stressed hot rock mass, mechanical interaction of induced fractures with existing natural fractures, and the spatial and temporal variations of in-situ stress. As a result, it is necessary to develop tools that can be used to study these interactions as an integral part of a comprehensive approach to geothermal reservoir development, particularly enhanced geothermal systems. In response to this need we have developed advanced poro-thermo-chemo-mechanical fracture models for rock fracture research in support of EGS design. The fracture propagation models are based on a regular displacement discontinuity formulation. The fracture propagation studies include modeling interaction of induced fractures. In addition to the fracture propagation studies, two-dimensional solution algorithms have been developed and used to estimate the impact of pro-thermo-chemical processes on fracture permeability and reservoir pressure. Fracture permeability variation is studied using a coupled thermo-chemical model with quartz reaction kinetics. The model is applied to study quartz precipitation/dissolution, as well as the variation in fracture aperture and pressure. Also, a three-dimensional model of injection/extraction has been developed to consider the impact poro- and thermoelastic stresses on fracture slip and injection pressure. These investigations shed light on the processes involved in the observed phenomenon of injection pressure variation (e.g., in Coso), and allow the assessment of the potential of thermal and chemical stimulation strategies.

Download or read book Hydraulic fracture geometry characterization based on distributed fiber optic strain measurements written by Kan Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiber optic-based measurements are innovative tools for the oil and gas industry to utilize in monitoring wells in a variety of applications including geothermal activity. Monitoring unconventional reservoirs is still challenging due to complex subsurface conditions and current research focuses on qualitative interpretation of field data. Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Characterization from Fiber Optic-Based Strain Measurements delivers a critical reference for reservoir and completion engineers to better quantify the propagation process and evolution of fracture geometry with a forward model and novel inversion model. The reference reviews different fiber optic-based temperature, acoustic, and strain measurements for monitoring fracture behaviors and includes advantages and limitations of each measurement, giving engineers a better understanding of measurements applied in all types of subsurface formations. Stress/strain rate responses on rock deformation are given a holistic approach, including guidelines and an automatic algorithm for identification of fracture hits. Last, a novel inversion model is introduced to show how fracture geometry can be used for optimization on well placement decisions. Supported by case studies, Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Characterization from Fiber Optic-Based Strain Measurements gives today's engineers better understanding of all complex subsurface measurements through fiber optic technology. - Examine the basics of distributed fiber optic strain measurements - Conduct a detailed analysis of strain responses observed in both horizontal and vertical monitoring wells - Present a systematic approach for interpreting strain data measured in the field - Highlight the significant insights and values that can be derived from the field measured strain dataset - Support monitoring and modeling for subsurface energy extraction and safe storage

Download or read book Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy written by S. Nemat-Nassar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing has been and continues to be a major techno logical tool in oil and gas recovery, nuclear and other waste disposal, mining and particularly in-situ coal gasification, and, more recently, in geothermal heat recovery, particularly extracting heat from hot dry rock masses. The understanding of the fracture process under the ac tion of pressurized fluid at various temperatures is of fundamental scientific importance, which requires an adequate description of thermomechanical properties of subsurface rock, fluid-solid interaction effects, as well as degradation of the host rock due to temperature gradients introduced by heat extraction. Considerable progress has been made over the past several years in laboratory experiments, analytical and numerical modeling, and in-situ field studies in various aspects of hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy extraction, by researchers in the United States and Japan and also elsewhere. However, the results have been scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, the time seemed ripe for bringing together selected researchers from the two countries, as well as observers from other countries, in order to survey the state of the art, exchange scientific information, and establish closer collaboration for further, better coordinated scientific effort in this important area of research and exploration.

Download or read book Future Target for Geothermal Development Fractal Fracture Mechanics and Its Application to Conceptual HDR Reservoir Design written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simple model is proposed for water/rock interaction in rock fractures through which geothermal water flows. Water/rock interaction experiments were carried out at high temperature and pressure (200-350 C, 18 MPa) in order to obtain basic solubility and reaction rate data. Based on the experimental data, changes of idealized fracture apertures with time are calculated numerically. The results of the calculations show that the precipitation from water can lead to plugging of the fractures under certain conditions. Finally, the results are compared with the experimental data.

Download or read book Numerical study of the stimulation related thermo hydro mechanical processes in tight gas and deep geothermal reservoirs written by Wentao Feng and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing in combination with horizontal well is playing a key role in the efficient development of unconventional gas/oil reservoirs and deep geothermal resources. However, the integral operation, especially from the perspective of THM (Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanic) interactions have not been studied systematically. In this thesis, targeted improvements were achieved through developing a series of mathematical/physical models, and their implementation into the existing numerical tools (FLAC3Dplus and TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D), including: (a) a new thermal module for FLAC3Dplus based entirely on the finite volume method (FVM), which is especially developed for the fracturing process and can also achieve the modeling of gel breaking; (b) a rock damage module of TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D, which also considers the impacts of rock damaging process on evolution of permeability; (c) an in-depth improved FLAC3Dplus simulator that obtains the ability to simulate a 3D fracture propagation with arbitrary orientation. After the corresponding verifications, the improved tools were applied in different case studies to reveal: a) influences of the fluid’s viscosity on the fracturing results in tight sandstone reservoirs; b) the induced seismicity during the fracturing operation and the reactivation of the natural faults; and c) the fracture propagation with arbitrary orientation.

Download or read book Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation written by Mark W. McClure and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-15 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation describes the development and testing of a model that couples fluid-flow, deformation, friction weakening, and permeability evolution in large, complex two-dimensional discrete fracture networks. The model can be used to explore the behavior of hydraulic stimulation in settings where matrix permeability is low and preexisting fractures play an important role, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems and gas shale. Used also to describe pure shear stimulation, mixed-mechanism stimulation, or pure opening-mode stimulation. A variety of novel techniques to ensure efficiency and realistic model behavior are implemented, and tested. The simulation methodology can also be used as an efficient method for directly solving quasistatic fracture contact problems. Results show how stresses induced by fracture deformation during stimulation directly impact the mechanism of propagation and the resulting fracture network.

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today's petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today's more complex reservoirs. - Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods - Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics - Provides today's petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Hoss Belyadi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today's newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity. - Helps readers understand drilling and production technology and operations in shale gas through real-field examples - Covers various topics on fractured wells and the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in one complete reference - Presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing

Download or read book Real time and Post frac 3 D Analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Treatments in Geothermal Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic power production from Hot Dry Rock (HDR) requires the establishment of an efficient circulation system between wellbores in reservoir rock with extremely low matrix permeability. Hydraulic fracturing is employed to establish the necessary circulation system. Hydraulic fracturing has also been performed to increase production from hydrothermal reservoirs by enhancing the communication with the reservoir's natural fracture system. Optimal implementation of these hydraulic fracturing applications, as with any engineering application, requires the use of credible physical models and the reconciliation of the physical models with treatment data gathered in the field. Analysis of the collected data has shown that 2-D models and 'conventional' 3-D models of the hydraulic fracturing process apply very poorly to hydraulic fracturing in geothermal reservoirs. Engineering decisions based on these more 'conventional' fracture modeling techniques lead to serious errors in predicting the performance of hydraulic fracture treatments. These errors can lead to inappropriate fracture treatment design as well as grave errors in well placement for hydrothermal reservoirs or HDR reservoirs. This paper outlines the reasons why conventional modeling approaches fall short, and what types of physical models are needed to credibly estimate created hydraulic fracture geometry. The methodology of analyzing actual measured fracture treatment data and matching the observed net fracturing pressure (in realtime as well as after the treatment) is demonstrated at two separate field sites. Results from an extensive Acoustic Emission (AE) fracture diagnostic survey are also presented for the first case study aS an independent measure of the actual created hydraulic fracture geometry.

Download or read book 3D Modeling of Coupled Rock Deformation and Thermo poro mechanical Processes in Fractures written by Chakra Rawal and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems involving coupled thermo-poro-chemo-mechanical processes are of great importance in geothermal and petroleum reservoir systems. In particular, economic power production from enhanced geothermal systems, effective water-flooding of petroleum reservoirs, and stimulation of gas shale reservoirs are significantly influenced by coupled processes. During such procedures, stress state in the reservoir is changed due to variation in pore fluid pressure and temperature. This can cause deformation and failure of weak planes of the formation with creation of new fractures, which impacts reservoir response. Incorporation of geomechanical factor into engineering analyses using fully coupled geomechanics-reservoir flow modeling exhibits computational challenges and numerical difficulties. In this study, we develop and apply efficient numerical models to solve 3D injection/extraction geomechanics problems formulated within the framework of thermo-poro-mechanical theory with reactive flow. The models rely on combining Displacement Discontinuity (DD) Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the governing equations of thermo-poro-mechanical processes involving fracture/reservoir matrix. The integration of BEM and FEM is accomplished through direct and iterative procedures. In each case, the numerical algorithms are tested against a series of analytical solutions. 3D study of fluid injection and extraction into the geothermal reservoir illustrates that thermo-poro-mechanical processes change fracture aperture (fracture conductivity) significantly and influence the fluid flow. Simulations that consider joint stiffness heterogeneity show development of non-uniform flow paths within the crack. Undersaturated fluid injection causes large silica mass dissolution and increases fracture aperture while supersaturated fluid causes mineral precipitation and closes fracture aperture. Results show that for common reservoir and injection conditions, the impact of fully developed thermoelastic effect on fracture aperture tend to be greater compare to that of poroelastic effect. Poroelastic study of hydraulic fracturing demonstrates that large pore pressure increase especially during multiple hydraulic fracture creation causes effective tensile stress at the fracture surface and shear failure around the main fracture. Finally, a hybrid BEFEM model is developed to analyze stress redistribution in the overburden and within the reservoir during fluid injection and production. Numerical results show that fluid injection leads to reservoir dilation and induces vertical deformation, particularly near the injection well. However, fluid withdrawal causes reservoir to compact. The Mandel-Cryer effect is also successfully captured in numerical simulations, i.e., pore pressure increase/decrease is non-monotonic with a short time values that are above/below the background pore pressure.

Download or read book Development of a Fully Integrated Equation of State Compositional Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulator written by Shuang Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical modeling plays a key role in assessing, developing, and managing energy resources (such as oil, gas and heat) from subsurface formations. Fluids are injected into wellbores during hydraulic fracturing, water flooding, parent well pre-loading, and improved oil recovery. Oil, gas and water are produced back to the surface during flowback, primary/secondary/tertiary production, and geothermal operations. Results from modeling these subsurface energy resources assist engineers and geologists in the decision-making process. Geomechanics, fluid/solid flow, and heat transport are coupled in the reservoir, fracture, and wellbore domains. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator that can accurately model multi-component, multi-phase fluid flow, geomechanics, fracture propagation and thermal processes in the reservoir, fracture and wellbore domains. In this dissertation, fully coupled reservoir, fracture, and wellbore domains are modeled. Geomechanics, fluid flow, and heat transport are modeled in an integrated manner in each domain and between each domain. Thermo-poro-elasticity, fracture opening/closing, and fracture propagation are modeled based on the stresses and strains computed in the domain. Four flow types including single-phase flow, multi-phase black-oil flow, multi-phase compositional flow, and water-steam two-phase flow are developed for different applications. Temperature and enthalpy formulations are developed to model the energy balance within the fully coupled system. A novel proppant transport model formulation which couples fracture opening/closing has also been developed. The governing equations are discretized in space using the finite volume/area methods. Multiple fully implicit Newton solvers have been developed to solve different sets of nonlinear systems of equations. A fully distributed memory parallelization workflow is constructed. The simulator is also coupled with simpler (analytical and DDM) fracturing models to achieve shorter run times. The modeling capability of the simulator has been demonstrated in the dissertation through many example applications. Typical applications of the simulator include multi-stage, multi-cluster, hydraulic fracture propagation, proppant settling and fracture closure analysis, mini-frac analysis, parent-child well interference, fracture monitoring, reservoir cooling and induced fracture propagation from water injectors, production analysis, gas huff-n-puff injection, improved oil recovery, geothermal reservoir production, and enhanced geothermal system analysis. These applications demonstrate the wide variety of problems that our simulator can be used to model

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Using Thermo hydro mechanical Analysis with Brittle Damage Model by Finite Element Method written by Kyoung Min and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Better understanding and control of crack growth direction during hydraulic fracturing are essential for enhancing productivity of geothermal and petroleum reservoirs. Structural analysis of fracture propagation and impact on fluid flow is a challenging issue because of the complexity of rock properties and physical aspects of rock failure and fracture growth. Realistic interpretation of the complex interactions between rock deformation, fluid flow, heat transfer, and fracture propagation induced by fluid injection is important for fracture network design. In this work, numerical models are developed to simulate rock failure and hydraulic fracture propagation. The influences of rock deformation, fluid flow, and heat transfer on fracturing processes are studied using a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) analysis. The models are used to simulate microscopic and macroscopic fracture behaviors of laboratory-scale uniaxial and triaxial experiments on rock using an elastic/brittle damage model considering a stochastic heterogeneity distribution. The constitutive modeling by the energy release rate-based damage evolution allows characterizing brittle rock failure and strength degradation. This approach is then used to simulate the sequential process of heterogeneous rock failures from the initiation of microcracks to the growth of macrocracks. The hydraulic fracturing path, especially for fractures emanating from inclined wellbores and closed natural fractures, often involves mixed mode fracture propagation. Especially, when the fracture is inclined in a 3D stress field, the propagation cannot be modeled using 2D fracture models. Hence, 2D/3D mixed-modes fracture growth from an initially embedded circular crack is studied using the damage mechanics approach implemented in a finite element method. As a practical problem, hydraulic fracturing stimulation often involves fluid pressure change caused by injected fracturing fluid, fluid leakoff, and fracture propagation with brittle rock behavior and stress heterogeneities. In this dissertation, hydraulic fracture propagation is simulated using a coupled fluid flow/diffusion and rock deformation analysis. Later THM analysis is also carried out. The hydraulic forces in extended fractures are solved using a lubrication equation. Using a new moving-boundary element partition methodology (EPM), fracture propagation through heterogeneous media is predicted simply and efficiently. The method allows coupling fluid flow and rock deformation, and fracture propagation using the lubrication equation to solve for the fluid pressure through newly propagating crack paths. Using the proposed model, the 2D/3D hydraulic fracturing simulations are performed to investigate the role of material and rock heterogeneity. Furthermore, in geothermal and petroleum reservoir design, engineers can take advantage of thermal fracturing that occurs when heat transfers between injected flow and the rock matrix to create reservoir permeability. These thermal stresses are calculated using coupled THM analysis and their influence on crack propagation during reservoir stimulation are investigated using damage mechanics and thermal loading algorithms for newly fractured surfaces. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/150961

Download or read book Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Xin-rong Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-05 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing Comprehensive single-volume reference work providing an overview of experimental results and predictive methods for hydraulic fracture growth in rocks Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing: Experiment, Model, and Monitoring provides a summary of the research in mechanics of hydraulic fractures during the past two decades, plus new research trends to look for in the future. The book covers the contributions from theory, modeling, and experimentation, including the application of models to reservoir stimulation, mining preconditioning, and the formation of geological structures. The four expert editors emphasize the variety of diverse methods and tools in hydraulic fracturing and help the reader understand hydraulic fracture mechanics in complex geological situations. To aid in reader comprehension, practical examples of new approaches and methods are presented throughout the book. Key topics covered in the book include: Prediction of fracture shapes, sizes, and distributions in sedimentary basins, plus their importance in petroleum industry Real-time monitoring methods, such as micro-seismicity and trace tracking How to uncover geometries of fractures like dikes and veins Fracture growth of individual foundations and its applications Researchers and professionals working in the field of fluid-driven fracture growth will find immense value in this comprehensive reference on hydraulic fracturing mechanics.

Download or read book Determination of In situ Stress to Predict Direction of Hydraulically Created Fractures for Development of Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Reservoir in Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is very important to know the underground stress state to design and complete a Hot Dry Rock geothermal reservoir because the direction of the hydraulic fractures depends on the earth stress. The hydraulic mini fracturing technique was introduced to determine the in-situ stress state without assuming the borehole axis to be parallel to one of the principal stresses. Small scale hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted to verify this technique at an underground power plant and microseismic activities were monitored for fracture mapping. The direction of the fracture propagation was estimated from the in-situ stress state and compared with the fracture plane mapped by microseismic activities. 2 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Download or read book A Pkn Hydraulic Fracture Model Study and Formation Permeability Determination written by Jing Xiang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing is an important method used to enhance the recovery of oil and gas from reservoirs, especially for low permeability formations. The distribution of pressure in fractures and fracture geometry are needed to design conventional and unconventional hydraulic fracturing operations, fracturing during water-flooding of petroleum reservoirs, shale gas, and injection/extraction operation in a geothermal reservoir. Designing a hydraulic fracturing job requires an understanding of fracture growth as a function of treatment parameters. There are various models used to approximately define the development of fracture geometry, which can be broadly classified into 2D and 3D categories. 2D models include, the Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN) fracture model, and the Khristianovic-Geertsma-de. Klerk (KGD) fracture model, and the radial model. 3D models include fully 3D models and pseudo-three-dimensional (P-3D) models. The P-3D model is used in the oil industry due to its simplification of height growth at the wellbore and along the fracture length in multi-layered formations. In this research, the Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN) fracture model is adopted to simulate hydraulic fracture propagation and recession, and the pressure changing history. Two different approaches to fluid leak-off are considered, which are the classical Carter's leak-off theory with a constant leak-off coefficient, and Pressure-dependent leak-off theory. Existence of poroelastic effect in the reservoir is also considered. By examining the impact of leak-off models and poroelastic effects on fracture geometry, the influence of fracturing fluid and rock properties, and the leak-off rate on the fracture geometry and fracturing pressure are described. A short and wide fracture will be created when we use the high viscosity fracturing fluid or the formation has low shear modulus. While, the fracture length, width, fracturing pressure, and the fracture closure time increase as the fluid leak-off coefficient is decreased. In addition, an algorithm is developed for the post-fracture pressure-transient analysis to calculate formation permeability. The impulse fracture pressure transient model is applied to calculate the formation permeability both for the radial flow and linear fracture flow assumption. Results show a good agreement between this study and published work.