Download or read book A Theoretical Study of the Effects of Surface Interactions on Phase Transitions in Nematic Liquid Crystals written by Natasha Kothekar and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surfaces and Interfaces of Liquid Crystals written by Theo Rasing and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state of the art of our understanding of liquid-crystal interfaces on a molecular level. The interactions of liquid crystal molecules with a surface play an essential role in the operation of liquid crystal displays (LCD's) and other LC devices that are based on the controllable anchoring of LC molecules on polymer coated surfaces. This book addresses the microscopic interaction between a macromolecule (liquid crystal, polymer) and a wall, using state of the art surface and interface-sensitive experimental techniques, such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Linear and Nonlinear Optical Microscopy and (Dynamic) Light Scattering (DLS). These experimental techniques were complemented with computer simulations and supra molecular chemistry methods to develop controllable polymeric surfaces.
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals written by Arthur N. Chester and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nato Advanced Study Institute "Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals" was held May 2-12, 1991, in Erice, Sicily. This was the 16th conference organized by the International School of Quantum Electronics, under the auspices of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The subject of "Liquid Crystals" has made amazing progress since the last ISQE Course on this subject in 1985. The present Proceedings give a tutorial introduction to today's most important areas, as well as a review of current results by leading researchers. We have brought together some of the world's acknowledged experts in the field to summarize both the present state of their research and its background. Most of the lecturers attended all the lectures and devoted their spare hours to stimulating discussions. We would like to thank them all for their admirable contributions. The Institute also took advantage of a very active audience; most of the students were active researchers in the field and contributed with discussions and seminars. Some of these student seminars are also included in these Proceedings. We did not modify the original manuscripts in editing this book, but we did group them according to the following topics: 1) "Theoretical Foundations"; 2) "Thermotropic Liquid Crystals"; 3) "Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals"; 4) "Polymeric Liquid Crystals"; and 5) "Lyotropic Liquid Crystals".
Download or read book Introduction to Liquid Crystals written by E. Priestly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of liquid crystals has been known for nearly a centu ry; yet it is only in the last ten years that their unique optical, electri cal, electro-optic, and thermal properties have been exploited to any significant extent in such technological applications as digital d~ plays and thermography. Digital watches equipped with liquid-crys tal displays (LCD's) have recently made their debut in the electronic watch market, and the large-scale use of LCD's in a variety of other applications requiring reliable, low-power digital displays is immi nent. There is good reason to believe that liquid crystals will be the first electro-optic materials to find widespread commercial use. Apart from applications, liquid crystals are unique among the phases of matter. Lurking beneath their garish display of color and texture is a great complexity of physical and chemical interaction that is only now beginning to unfold in the face of a decade-old resurgence in all aspects of liquid~rystal research. RCA Laboratories has participated in this resurgence from its beginning in the early 1960's and at present maintains active liquid-crystal programs both in basic re search and in device engineering. In view of the widespread interest in liquid crystals at RCA Labo ratories, an in-house weekly seminar devoted to the subject of liquid crystals was organized in the fall of 1973. The resulting lectures were subsequently published in three issues of the RCA Review and, with the incorporation of much additional material, eventually grew into the present volume.
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals written by Lev M. Blinov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by Lev M. Blinov is ideal to guide researchers from their very first encounter with liquid crystals to the level where they can perform independent experiments on liquid crystals with a thorough understanding of their behaviour also in relation to the theoretical framework. Liquid crystals can be found everywhere around us. They are used in virtually every display device, whether it is for domestic appliances of for specialized technological instruments. Their finely tunable optical properties make them suitable also for thermo-sensing and laser technologies. There are many monographs written by prominent scholars on the subject of liquid crystals. The majority of them presents the subject in great depth, sometimes focusing on a particular research aspect, and in general they require a significant level of prior knowledge. In contrast, this books aims at an audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry and materials science. The book consists of three parts: the first part, on structure, starts from the fundamental principles underlying the structure of liquid crystals, their rich phase behaviour and the methods used to study them; the second part, on physical properties, emphasizes the influence of anisotropy on all aspects of liquid crystals behaviour; the third, focuses on electro-optics, the most important properties from the applications standpoint. This part covers only the main effects and illustrates the underlying principles in greater detail. Professor Lev M. Blinov has had a long carrier as an experimentalist. He made major contributions in the field of ferroelectric mesophases. In 1985 he received the USSR state prize for investigations of electro-optical effects in liquid crystals for spatial light modulators. In 1999 he was awarded the Frederiks medal of the Soviet Liquid Crystal Society and in 2000 he was honoured with the G. Gray silver medal of the British Liquid Crystal Society. He has held many visiting academic positions in universities and laboratories across Europe and in Japan.
Download or read book An Elementary Course On The Continuum Theory For Nematic Liquid Crystals written by Giovanni Barbero and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2000-10-27 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to enable physicists and engineers to learn, within a single course, some topics in variational calculus, theory of elasticity, molecular models, and surface properties of nematic materials. It prepares graduate students for studies that require a simple knowledge in the physics of nematic liquid crystals.With this consideration in mind, the authors have formulated the problems concerning the continuum theory of liquid crystals into a precise form. In working out the solutions, they have analyzed, systematically and naturally, the techniques and methods of variational calculus. Special attention is dedicated to the analysis of well-posed and ill-posed variational problems. The presence of sub-surface discontinuity in the nematic orientation is analyzed using different techniques. A full chapter is devoted to this aspect of the theory of elasticity of nematic media.
Download or read book Molecular Theory of Nematic and Other Liquid Crystals written by Paul van der Schoot and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a didactic derivation of the main theories of thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals, revealing the common molecular-theoretic framework that underpins both theories. This unified context will help young researchers in coming to grips with the basics of the simplest of liquid crystals, being uniaxial nematic liquid crystals, easing them into the intricacies of more complex forms of such materials irrespective of whether they are thermotropic or lyotropic. The coverage provides a theoretical understanding of the phase behaviour, that is, what drives molecules and particles to spontaneously align themselves, as well as an appreciation of the role of entropy, energy and so on. The focus here is on the main theories for the isotropic-nematic transition, being the Maier-Saupe and the Onsager theories, and how they are derived from a common description, known as (classical) density functional theory (DFT). This book will be a valuable resource for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and experimentalists and engineers who feel intimidated by more formal or rigorous theoretical accounts and textbooks. Exercises at the end of each chapter help the reader to apply the basic concepts also to other types of liquid crystal, in particular the smectic liquid crystal.
Download or read book A Theoretical Study of Surface Induced Phenomena in Nematic Liquid Crystals written by Hristina Galabova and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Soft Condensed Matter written by Tormod Riste and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Geilo, Norway, between 4 - 14 April 1989. This Institute was the tenth in a series held at Geilo on the subject of phase transitions. It was the first to be concerned with the growing area of soft condensed matter, which is neither ordinary solids nor ordinary liquids, but somewhere in between. The Institute brought together many lecturers, students and active researchers in the field from a wide range of NATO and some non-NATO countries, with financial support principally from the NATO Scientific Affairs Division but also from Institutt for energiteknikk, the Nor wegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities (NAVF), The Nordic Institute for Theoretical Atomic Physics (NORDITA), the Norwegian Physical Society and VISTA, a reserach cooperation between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and Den norske stats oljeselskap a.s (STATOIL). The organizing committee would like to thank all these contributors for their help in promoting an exciting and rewarding meeting, and in doing so are confident that they echo the appreciation also of all the participants. 50ft condensed matter is characterized by weak interactions between polyatomic constituents, by important·thermal fluctuations effects, by mechanical softness and by a rich range of behaviours. The main emphasis at this Institute was on the fundamental collective physics, but prepar ation techniques and industrial applications were also considered.
Download or read book Structure of Liquid Crystal Phases written by P. S. Pershan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1988 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current understanding of different phases as well as the phase transitions between them has only been achieved following recent theoretical advances on the effects of dimensionality in statistical physics. P S Pershan explains the connection between these two separate areas and gives some examples of problems where the understanding is still not complete. The most important example is the second order phase transition between the nematic and smectic-A phase. Others include the relation between the several hexatic phases that have been observed and the first order restacking transitions between phases that were all previously identified as smectic-B, but which should more properly be identified as crystalline-B. Some relatively recent experimental developments on the discotic phase, liquid crystal surfaces and lyotropic phases are also included. The book includes 41 major reprints of some of the recent seminal work on the structure of liquid crystals. They are introduced by a brief review of the symmetries and other properties of liquid crystalline phases. In addition, there is a discussion of the differences between true liquid crystalline phases and others that were described as liquid crystalline in the early literature, but which have since been shown to be true three-dimensional crystals. The progression from the isotropic fluid, through the nematic, smectic, and various crystalline phases can be understood in terms of a systematic decrease in symmetry, together with an accompanying variation in structure is explained. A guide to the selected reprints and a sort of ?Rosetta Stone? for these various phases is provided. The goal of this book is to explain the systematics of this progression to students and others that are new to this field, as well as to provide a useful handbook for people already working in the field.
Download or read book The Physics of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals written by Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005-01-27 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive review of structural properties and phase transition phenomena in lyotropic mixtures. It includes a wealth of experimental results, in addition to the main theoretical models and a number of technological applications, such as cosmetics, detergents and techniques of oil recovery. It is suitable for use as a pedagogical introduction to the subject.
Download or read book Liquid Crystals written by Horst Stegemeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1959, about 1400 compounds forming liquid crystalline phases were known; by 1992, this number had increased to about 50 000. In portable devices like wristwatches, pocket caculators, measuring instruments, and laptop computers the liquid crystal display technology has gained total acceptance and is on the way to encompass the market of colour TV screens. This development makes a volume devoted to liquid crystals in the series Topics in Physical Chemistry desirable. Following the concept of this series, an easy introduction to liquid crystals is given, enabling the reader to understand the basic problems of liquid crystals research and application. Because of the widespread field of different research activities in liquid crystals and applications, various competent authors have been involved in writing chapters on: - Phase types, structures, and chemistry of liquid crystals; - Thermodynamical behavior and physical properties of thermotropic liquid crystals; - Liquid crystalline polymers; - Lyotropic liquid crystals; - Application of liquid crystals in spectroscopy; - Application of liquid crystals in display technology.
Download or read book A theoretical study of the nematic smectic C liquid crystal phase transition written by Pilla Ackley Leitner and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantum Liquid Crystal Phases and Unconventional Magnetism in Electronic and Atomic Fermi Systems written by Benjamin Munoz Fregoso and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is devoted to the study of quantum liquid crystal phases in metallic systems and itinerant Fermi systems with dipole-dipole interactions. It is based on published works of Refs. [65, 193, 68, 67, 66]. In the first part of the Thesis, I present the construction of a generalization of the the McMillan- de Gennes theory of nematic-smectic thermal phase transition of classical liquid crystals to describe an analogous quantum phase transition in metallic systems. This theory qualitatively can also describe similar quantum phase transitions in high Tc superconductors. Recent experimental advances in cooling atoms with large electric or magnetic moment[125] make possible the study of novel quantum phases that arise due to the anisotropic and long-range nature of the dipole-dipole interactions. In the next part of the Thesis I present a Landau Fermi liquid theory of one-component Fermi systems with electric or magnetic dipolar interactions. I use this theory to construct an order parameter theory and predict elongated Fermi surface(FS) along the polarization axis. I calculate the temperature and interaction dependence of FS distortions. For a two-component system with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions I predict the existence of 0́−spin textures0́+ in momentum space and of prolate/oblate deformed FS0́9s. This constitutes a new phase of matter I called ferronematic. Possible observation of this phase in ultracold Fermi gases with large mangnetic moments such as Dy-163 are discussed. The stability of Fermi gases under attractive interactions at unitarity was also studied. I now briefly summarize the content of this thesis. Chapter 2 is based on Ref. [65]. I present a unified overview, from the mean-field to the unitarity regime, of the stability of a trapped Fermi gas with short range attractive interactions. Unlike in a system of bosons, a Fermi gas is always stable in these regimes, no matter how large the particle number. However, when the interparticle spacing becomes comparable to the range of the interatomic interactions, instability is not precluded. Chapter 3 is based on Ref. [193]. I discuss the quantum phase transition between a quantum nematic metallic state to an electron metallic smectic state in terms of an order-parameter theory coupled to fermionic quasiparticles. Both commensurate and incommensurate smectic (or stripe) cases are studied. Close to the quantum critical point (QCP), the spectrum of fluctuations of the nematic phase has low-energy fluctuating stripes. I study the quantum critical behavior and find evidence that, contrary to the classical case, the gauge-type of coupling between the nematic and smectic is irrelevant at this QCP. The collective modes of the electron smectic (or stripe) phase are also investigated. The effects of the low-energy bosonic modes on the fermionic quasiparticles are studied perturbatively. I find that at the nematic-smectic critical point, due to the critical smectic fluctuations, the dynamics of the fermionic quasiparticles near several points on the Fermi surface, around which it is reconstructed, are not governed by a Landau Fermi liquid theory. On the other hand, the quasiparticles in the smectic phase exhibit Fermi liquid behavior. I also present a detailed analysis of the dynamical susceptibilities in the electron nematic phase close to this QCP (the fluctuating stripe regime) and in the electronic smectic phase. Chapter 4 is based on Ref. [68]. I demonstrate the possibility of a spontaneous symmetry breaking biaxial phase in these systems, which may be realized in, e.g., gases of ultracold polar molecules or strongly magnetic atoms. This biaxial nematic phase is manifest in a spontaneous distortion of the Fermi surface perpendicular to the axis of polarization. I describe these dipolar interaction induced phases using Landau Fermi liquid theory. Chapter 5 is based on Ref. [67]. I show that a homogeneous two-component Fermi gas with long range dipolar and short-range isotropic interactions has a ferronematic phase for suitable values of the dipolar and short-range coupling constants. The ferronematic phase is characterized by having a non-zero magnetization and long range orientational uniaxial order. The Fermi surface of majority component is elongated while the minority component is compressed along the direction of the magnetization. Chapter 6 is based on Ref. [66]. I study the magnetic structure of the ground state of a magnetic dipolar Fermi system of spin-1/2 particles in an imbalanced, partially polarized, state. I determine the distribution of quasiparticle spins states in momentum space. The k-dependent spin quantization axis is not along the spin magnetization axis but develops instead spin textures in momentum space. I compute the shape of the Fermi surfaces, and the effective magnetic moment of the quasiparticles, at zero temperature and weak coupling. I discuss realizations of this state with ultracold magnetic atoms.
Download or read book Advances in Liquid Crystals written by Glenn H. Brown and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Liquid Crystals, Volume 2 covers the study of lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals. The five articles in this volume discuss topics such as the effects of change in molecular geometry on the properties of liquid crystals formed by nonamphiphilic (thermotropic) compounds; aspects of the physics and chemistry of cholesteric liquid crystals with respect to temperature dependence and temperature sensitivity of the selective reflection of visible light; arrangements of emulsifier molecules and the interaction between the different components in emulsions; the type of information about liquid crystals obtained from vibrational spectroscopy; and the continuum theory of liquid crystals as it applies to static equilibrium. The book will be invaluable to materials engineers, inventors, physicists, and researchers in the field of electronics.
Download or read book Polarization Properties of Liquid Crystals written by S. A. Pikin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the theoretical investigations of the polarization properties of liquid crystals. It describes induced polarized structures and the effects which result from the interaction between the spontaneous or induced polarization and orientational non-uniformities in the media. Section 2 presents the phenomenological theory of ferroelectricity in smectic C liquid crystals, a symmetry analysis, a discussion on free energy and a description of some effects reflecting the influence of the boundaries and external forces. Sections 3 and 4 focus on the molecular statistical theory of polarizational properties.
Download or read book Physical Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes papers that report results of research in statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics. There are sections on (1) methods of statistical physics, (2) classical fluids, (3) liquid crystals, (4) diffusion-limited aggregation, and dendritic growth, (5) biological physics, (6) plasma physics, (7) physics of beams, (8) classical physics, including nonlinear media, and (9) computational physics.
