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Book A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry     Volume 1

Download or read book A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry Volume 1 written by Mandeep Dalal and published by Dalal Institute. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced-level textbook of inorganic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled "A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV". CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds: VSEPR theory, dπ -pπ bonds, Bent rule and energetic of hybridization. Chapter 2. Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution: Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interactions, Trends in stepwise constants, Factors affecting stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand, Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin, Determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry and spectrophotometry. Chapter 3. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – I: Inert and labile complexes, Mechanisms for ligand replacement reactions, Formation of complexes from aquo ions, Ligand displacement reactions in octahedral complexes- acid hydrolysis, Base hydrolysis, Racemization of tris chelate complexes, Electrophilic attack on ligands. Chapter 4. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – II: Mechanism of ligand displacement reactions in square planar complexes, The trans effect, Theories of trans effect, Mechanism of electron transfer reactions – types; Outer sphere electron transfer mechanism and inner sphere electron transfer mechanism, Electron exchange. Chapter 5. Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Salts: Isopoly and Heteropoly acids and salts of Mo and W: structures of isopoly and heteropoly anions. Chapter 6. Crystal Structures: Structures of some binary and ternary compounds such as fluorite, antifluorite, rutile, antirutile, crystobalite, layer lattices- CdI2, BiI3; ReO3, Mn2O3, corundum, pervoskite, Ilmenite and Calcite. Chapter 7. Metal-Ligand Bonding: Limitation of crystal field theory, Molecular orbital theory, octahedral, tetrahedral or square planar complexes, π-bonding and molecular orbital theory. Chapter 8. Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes: Spectroscopic ground states, Correlation and spin-orbit coupling in free ions for Ist series of transition metals, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1 – d9 states), Calculation of Dq, B and β parameters, Effect of distortion on the d-orbital energy levels, Structural evidence from electronic spectrum, John-Tellar effect, Spectrochemical and nephalauxetic series, Charge transfer spectra, Electronic spectra of molecular addition compounds. Chapter 9. Magantic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes: Elementary theory of magneto - chemistry, Guoy’s method for determination of magnetic susceptibility, Calculation of magnetic moments, Magnetic properties of free ions, Orbital contribution, effect of ligand-field, Application of magneto-chemistry in structure determination, Magnetic exchange coupling and spin state cross over. Chapter 10. Metal Clusters: Structure and bonding in higher boranes, Wade’s rules, Carboranes, Metal Carbonyl Clusters - Low Nuclearity Carbonyl Clusters, Total Electron Count (TEC). Chapter 11. Metal-π Complexes: Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding, Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structure elucidation, Important reactions of metal carbonyls; Preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes; Tertiary phosphine as ligand.

Book Inorganic Chemistry

    Book Details:
  • Author : J. E. House
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release : 2012-10-30
  • ISBN : 0123851106
  • Pages : 848 pages

Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry written by J. E. House and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides essential information for students of inorganic chemistry or for chemists pursuing self-study. The presentation of topics is made with an effort to be clear and concise so that the book is portable and user friendly. Inorganic Chemistry 2E is divided into five major themes (structure, condensed phases, solution chemistry, main group and coordination compounds) with several chapters in each. There is a logical progression from atomic structure to molecular structure to properties of substances based on molecular structures, to behavior of solids, etc. The author emphasizes fundamental principles-including molecular structure, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and solid state chemistry -and presents topics in a clear, concise manner. There is a reinforcement of basic principles throughout the book. For example, the hard-soft interaction principle is used to explain hydrogen bond strengths, strengths of acids and bases, stability of coordination compounds, etc. The book contains a balance of topics in theoretical and descriptive chemistry. New to this Edition: New and improved illustrations including symmetry and 3D molecular orbital representationsExpanded coverage of spectroscopy, instrumental techniques, organometallic and bio-inorganic chemistryMore in-text worked-out examples to encourage active learning and to prepare students for their exams . Concise coverage maximizes student understanding and minimizes the inclusion of details students are unlikely to use. . Discussion of elements begins with survey chapters focused on the main groups, while later chapters cover the elements in greater detail. . Each chapter opens with narrative introductions and includes figures, tables, and end-of-chapter problem sets.

Book Principles of Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Principles of Inorganic Chemistry written by Brian W. Pfennig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students, this book offers a principles-based approach to inorganic chemistry that, unlike other texts, uses chemical applications of group theory and molecular orbital theory throughout as an underlying framework. This highly physical approach allows students to derive the greatest benefit of topics such as molecular orbital acid-base theory, band theory of solids, and inorganic photochemistry, to name a few. Takes a principles-based, group and molecular orbital theory approach to inorganic chemistry The first inorganic chemistry textbook to provide a thorough treatment of group theory, a topic usually relegated to only one or two chapters of texts, giving it only a cursory overview Covers atomic and molecular term symbols, symmetry coordinates in vibrational spectroscopy using the projection operator method, polyatomic MO theory, band theory, and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams Includes a heavy dose of group theory in the primary inorganic textbook, most of the pedagogical benefits of integration and reinforcement of this material in the treatment of other topics, such as frontier MO acid--base theory, band theory of solids, inorganic photochemistry, the Jahn-Teller effect, and Wade's rules are fully realized Very physical in nature compare to other textbooks in the field, taking the time to go through mathematical derivations and to compare and contrast different theories of bonding in order to allow for a more rigorous treatment of their application to molecular structure, bonding, and spectroscopy Informal and engaging writing style; worked examples throughout the text; unanswered problems in every chapter; contains a generous use of informative, colorful illustrations

Book A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry written by Arihant Experts and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting hold of the concepts of Inorganic Chemistry for an adequate study preparation of JEE Main and Advanced requires one to go beyond their traditional textbooks. ""A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry for JEE Main and Advanced,"" housed with the natural flow of the topics is our best-selling title meeting the needs of the JEE Aspirants for a long time. The revised edition covers the subject matter thoroughly into 20 chapters. Target Practice Exercise and Master Exercise really help aspirants master the elements and compounds involved in Inorganic Chemistry and the concise text with detailed information supported by illustrations helps understand it in day-to-day life. Packed with a compelling and relevant set of study resources for JEE Main and Advanced, it is a must-have book for all those who want to get admission into engineering institutes of India.

Book inorganic chemestry

    Book Details:
  • Author :
  • Publisher : Rex Bookstore, Inc.
  • Release :
  • ISBN : 9789712346699
  • Pages : 732 pages

Download or read book inorganic chemestry written by and published by Rex Bookstore, Inc.. This book was released on with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Essentials of Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Essentials of Inorganic Chemistry written by Katja A. Strohfeldt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to inorganic chemistry and, specifically, the science of metal-based drugs, Essentials of Inorganic Chemistry describes the basics of inorganic chemistry, including organometallic chemistry and radiochemistry, from a pharmaceutical perspective. Written for students of pharmacy and pharmacology, pharmaceutical sciences, medicinal chemistry and other health-care related subjects, this accessible text introduces chemical principles with relevant pharmaceutical examples rather than as stand-alone concepts, allowing students to see the relevance of this subject for their future professions. It includes exercises and case studies.

Book A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry for University Students  Classic Reprint

Download or read book A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry for University Students Classic Reprint written by James Riddick Partington and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry for University Students Limitations of space prevented more than a bare mention of most of the so-called Rare Elements, many of which are now Of great importance in chemical industry and form part of articles familiar in everyday life. Their chemical properties are also in many cases of unusual interest. A short account of Werner's theory is given, since the classical theory Of Valency, which is of fundamental importance in the somewhat monotonous uniformity Of the chemistry of carbon, proves inadequate when any but the very simplest compounds of the remaining elements are under consideration. The last chapter is intended to be no more than an outline' greater detail in this field would have been inconsistent with the scope of the book, and even undesirable in the present somewhat mobile state of the frontiers of this new knowledge. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Concise Inorganic Chemistry  5th Ed

Download or read book Concise Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed written by J. D. Lee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-03 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is divided into six parts: theoretical concepts and hydrogen, the s-block, the p-block, the d-block, the f-block, and other topics (the nucleus and spectra). It also focuses on the commercial exploitation of inorganic chemicals and the treatment of the inorganic aspects of environmental chemistry has also been extended.· Atomic structure and the Periodic table· Introduction to bonding· The ionic bond· The covalent bond· The metallic bond· General properties of the elements· Coordination compounds· Hydrogen and the hydrides· Group 1 - The alkali metals· The chlor-alkali industry· Group 2 - The alkaline earth elements· The group 13 elements· The group 14 elements· The group 15 elements· Group 16 - the chalcogens· Group 17 - the halogens· Group 18 - the noble gases· An introduction to the transition elements· Group 3 - The scandium group· Group 4 - The titanium group· Group 5 - The vanadium group· Group 6 - The chromium group· Group 7 - The manganese group· Group 8 - The iron group· Group 9 - The cobalt group· Group 10 - The nickel Group· Group 11 - The copper group: Coinage metals· Group 12 - The zinc group· The lanthanide series· The actinides· The atomic nucleus· Spectra

Book Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Ivano Bertini and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part A.: Overviews of biological inorganic chemistry : 1. Bioinorganic chemistry and the biogeochemical cycles -- 2. Metal ions and proteins: binding, stability, and folding -- 3. Special cofactors and metal clusters -- 4. Transport and storage of metal ions in biology -- 5. Biominerals and biomineralization -- 6. Metals in medicine. -- Part B.: Metal ion containing biological systems : 1. Metal ion transport and storage -- 2. Hydrolytic chemistry -- 3. Electron transfer, respiration, and photosynthesis -- 4. Oxygen metabolism -- 5. Hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolism -- 6. Metalloenzymes with radical intermediates -- 7. Metal ion receptors and signaling. -- Cell biology, biochemistry, and evolution: Tutorial I. -- Fundamentals of coordination chemistry: Tutorial II.

Book Practical Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Practical Inorganic Chemistry written by G. Pass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In revising the text opportunity has been taken to introduce SI units throughout. An Appendix has been included which contains tables of SI units and a table of conversion factors for use when consulting data in non-SI units. Chapter 19 now includes experiments demon strating the use of ion-exchange and solid-liquid chromatography_ Exercises involving colorimetry have been included in Chapter 17. These techniques are introduced as part of a complementary exercise where their relevance is seen as part of a complete piece of work. Minor improvements have been made to some of the experimental procedures and we are grateful to those who have made helpful suggestions in this respect. G. PASS H. SUTCLIFFE iii Preface to the First Edition The student of inorganic chemistry is fortunate in having a wide choice of textbooks covering the descriptive and theoretical aspects of the sUbject. There is no comparable choice of textbooks covering practical inorganic chemistry. Moreover, there is a tendency for many students to draw an unfortunate distinction between chemistry taught in the lecture room, and laboratory work. Consideration of these points prompted the preparation of this book, in which we have attempted to emphasize the relationship between theory and practice.

Book Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Robert R. Crichton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of metals in biology, the environment and medicine has become increasingly evident over the last twenty five years. The study of the multiple roles of metal ions in biological systems, the rapidly expanding interface between inorganic chemistry and biology constitutes the subject called Biological Inorganic Chemistry. The present text, written by a biochemist, with a long career experience in the field (particularly iron and copper) presents an introduction to this exciting and dynamic field. The book begins with introductory chapters, which together constitute an overview of the concepts, both chemical and biological, which are required to equip the reader for the detailed analysis which follows. Pathways of metal assimilation, storage and transport, as well as metal homeostasis are dealt with next. Thereafter, individual chapters discuss the roles of sodium and potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, nickel and cobalt, manganese, and finally molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and chromium. The final three chapters provide a tantalising view of the roles of metals in brain function, biomineralization and a brief illustration of their importance in both medicine and the environment.Relaxed and agreeable writing style. The reader will not only fiind the book easy to read, the fascinating anecdotes and footnotes will give him pegs to hang important ideas on.Written by a biochemist. Will enable the reader to more readily grasp the biological and clinical relevance of the subject.Many colour illustrations. Enables easier visualization of molecular mechanismsWritten by a single author. Ensures homgeneity of style and effective cross referencing between chapters

Book Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry written by Gary Wulfsberg and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry by Gary Wulfsberg is our newest entry into the field of Inorganic Chemistry textbooks, designed uniquely for a one-semester stand alone course, or to be used in the first semester of a full year inorganic sequence. By covering virtually every topic in the test from the 2016 ACS Exams Institute, this book will prepare your students for success. The new book combines careful pedagogy, clear writing, beautifully rendered two-color art, and solved examples, with a broad array of original, chapter-ending exercises. It assumes a background in General Chemistry, but reviews key concepts, and also assumes enrollment in a Foundations of Organic Chemistry course. Symmetry and molecular orbital theory are introduced after the student has developed an understanding of fundamental trends in chemical properties and reactions across the periodic table, which allows MO theory to be more broadly applied in subsequent chapters. Key Features include: Over 900 end-of-chapter exercises, half answered in the back of the book.Over 180 worked examples.Optional experiments & demos.Clearly cited connections to other areas in chemistry and chemical sciencesChapter-opening biographical vignettes of noted scientists in Inorganic Chemistry.Optional General Chemistry review sections.

Book Inorganic Chemistry

    Book Details:
  • Author : Gary Wulfsberg
  • Publisher : University Science Books
  • Release : 2000-03-16
  • ISBN : 9781891389016
  • Pages : 1012 pages

Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry written by Gary Wulfsberg and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2000-03-16 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a textbook for advanced undergraduate inorganic chemistry courses, covering elementary inorganic reaction chemistry through to more advanced inorganic theories and topics. The approach integrates bioinorganic, environmental, geological and medicinal material into each chapter, and there is a refreshing empirical approach to problems in which the text emphasizes observations before moving onto theoretical models. There are worked examples and solutions in each chapter combined with chapter-ending study objectives, 40-70 exercises per chapter and experiments for discovery-based learning.

Book Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry written by J. E. Huheey and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Textbook Of Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book A Textbook Of Inorganic Chemistry written by Anil Kumar De and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2007 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Completing Four Decades Of Its Publication (1St Ed. 1961), The Book Passed Through Eight Editions Plus One Reprint And Has Now Appeared On The Academic Scenario With A Fresh New Look. This New Edition Has Been Thoroughly Recast And Updated In Tune With The Literature Explosion In The Subject So That It Can Confidently Meet The Fast Growing Requirements Of The College Students All Over India. It Is Designed To Serve The Larger Sections Of The Students And Teaching Community Of All Over India.The Book Is Intended For B.Sc. Students Of Indian Universities. It Will Also Serve The Purpose Of B.Sc. Tech And Engineering (Chemical) Students. The New Edition Is Likely To Surpass Its Past Record Of Service And Popularity And Continue Its Mission Of Promoting The Cause Of Chemical Education In The Country.

Book Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry

Download or read book Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry written by James E. House and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition, covers the synthesis, reactions, and properties of elements and inorganic compounds for courses in descriptive inorganic chemistry. This updated version includes expanded coverage of chemical bonding and enhanced treatment of Buckminster Fullerenes, and incorporates new industrial applications matched to key topics in the text. It is suitable for the one-semester (ACS-recommended) course or as a supplement in general chemistry courses. Ideal for majors and non-majors, the book incorporates rich graphs and diagrams to enhance the content and maximize learning. - Includes expanded coverage of chemical bonding and enhanced treatment of Buckminster Fullerenes - Incorporates new industrial applications matched to key topics in the text

Book A Textbook of Physical Chemistry     Volume 1

Download or read book A Textbook of Physical Chemistry Volume 1 written by Mandeep Dalal and published by Dalal Institute. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced-level textbook of physical chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled "A Textbook of Physical Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV". CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Quantum Mechanics – I: Postulates of quantum mechanics; Derivation of Schrodinger wave equation; Max-Born interpretation of wave functions; The Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Quantum mechanical operators and their commutation relations; Hermitian operators (elementary ideas, quantum mechanical operator for linear momentum, angular momentum and energy as Hermition operator); The average value of the square of Hermitian operators; Commuting operators and uncertainty principle(x & p; E & t); Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in one dimensional box; Evaluation of average position, average momentum and determination of uncertainty in position and momentum and hence Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Pictorial representation of the wave equation of a particle in one dimensional box and its influence on the kinetic energy of the particle in each successive quantum level; Lowest energy of the particle. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics – I: Brief resume of first and second Law of thermodynamics; Entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes; Variation of entropy with temperature, pressure and volume; Entropy concept as a measure of unavailable energy and criteria for the spontaneity of reaction; Free energy, enthalpy functions and their significance, criteria for spontaneity of a process; Partial molar quantities (free energy, volume, heat concept); Gibb’s-Duhem equation. Chapter 3. Chemical Dynamics – I: Effect of temperature on reaction rates; Rate law for opposing reactions of Ist order and IInd order; Rate law for consecutive & parallel reactions of Ist order reactions; Collision theory of reaction rates and its limitations; Steric factor; Activated complex theory; Ionic reactions: single and double sphere models; Influence of solvent and ionic strength; The comparison of collision and activated complex theory. Chapter 4. Electrochemistry – I: Ion-Ion Interactions: The Debye-Huckel theory of ion- ion interactions; Potential and excess charge density as a function of distance from the central ion; Debye Huckel reciprocal length; Ionic cloud and its contribution to the total potential; Debye - Huckel limiting law of activity coefficients and its limitations; Ion-size effect on potential; Ion-size parameter and the theoretical mean-activity coefficient in the case of ionic clouds with finite-sized ions; Debye - Huckel-Onsager treatment for aqueous solutions and its limitations; Debye-Huckel-Onsager theory for non-aqueous solutions; The solvent effect on the mobality at infinite dilution; Equivalent conductivity (Λ) vs. concentration c 1/2 as a function of the solvent; Effect of ion association upon conductivity (Debye- Huckel - Bjerrum equation). Chapter 5. Quantum Mechanics – II: Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a three dimensional box; The concept of degeneracy among energy levels for a particle in three dimensional box; Schrodinger wave equation for a linear harmonic oscillator & its solution by polynomial method; Zero point energy of a particle possessing harmonic motion and its consequence; Schrodinger wave equation for three dimensional Rigid rotator; Energy of rigid rotator; Space quantization; Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom, separation of variable in polar spherical coordinates and its solution; Principle, azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers and the magnitude of their values; Probability distribution function; Radial distribution function; Shape of atomic orbitals (s,p & d). Chapter 6. Thermodynamics – II: Classius-Clayperon equation; Law of mass action and its thermodynamic derivation; Third law of thermodynamics (Nernest heat theorem, determination of absolute entropy, unattainability of absolute zero) and its limitation; Phase diagram for two completely miscible components systems; Eutectic systems, Calculation of eutectic point; Systems forming solid compounds Ax By with congruent and incongruent melting points; Phase diagram and thermodynamic treatment of solid solutions. Chapter 7. Chemical Dynamics – II: Chain reactions: hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane; Photochemical reactions (hydrogen - bromine & hydrogen -chlorine reactions); General treatment of chain reactions (ortho-para hydrogen conversion and hydrogen - bromine reactions); Apparent activation energy of chain reactions, Chain length; Rice-Herzfeld mechanism of organic molecules decomposition(acetaldehyde); Branching chain reactions and explosions ( H2-O2 reaction); Kinetics of (one intermediate) enzymatic reaction : Michaelis-Menton treatment; Evaluation of Michaelis 's constant for enzyme-substrate binding by Lineweaver-Burk plot and Eadie-Hofstae methods; Competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Chapter 8. Electrochemistry – II: Ion Transport in Solutions: Ionic movement under the influence of an electric field; Mobility of ions; Ionic drift velocity and its relation with current density; Einstein relation between the absolute mobility and diffusion coefficient; The Stokes- Einstein relation; The Nernst -Einstein equation; Walden’s rule; The Rate-process approach to ionic migration; The Rate process equation for equivalent conductivity; Total driving force for ionic transport, Nernst - Planck Flux equation; Ionic drift and diffusion potential; the Onsager phenomenological equations; The basic equation for the diffusion; Planck-Henderson equation for the diffusion potential.