Download or read book A Test of Psychological Reactance Theory and Risk related Sexual Behaviors Among HIV positive Men who Have Sex with Men written by Tina Lynn Mason and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Although the incidence of HIV transmission among other groups is rising, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for more than forty percent of all new HIV infections. It stands to reason then, that both HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM continue to engage in unsafe sexual behaviors. Efforts to curtail the spread of HIV infection have included safer sex campaigns, education and prevention programs, and the application of risk reduction models typically designed for HIV-negative individuals. Yet, HIV-positive MSM continue to engage in risk-taking sexual behaviors. The quandary with most HIV prevention programs is that they require an elimination of sexual behaviors that MSM have reported as important, in effect reducing their sexual freedom. Therefore, MSM may be motivated to regain the sexual freedom that existed prior to the HIV epidemic. Psychological reactance (Brehm, 1966) is a framework that describes why individuals become motivated to restore freedoms that have been threatened or eliminated. The purpose of this research was to test the theory of psychological reactance as applied to the risk-related sexual behaviors of HIV-positive MSM. According to the theory, the more important a behavior is, the greater the magnitude of reactance. The crux of this research rests on the premise that sexual importance contributes to MSM engaging in risky sexual behaviors. Psychological reactance was measured by the Therapeutic Reactance Scale (TRS) and the Questionnaire for Measuring Psychological Reactance (QMPR). This research utilized multiple linear regression analysis to test hypotheses asserting that the interaction term (reactance X sexual importance) predicts risk-related sexual behaviors in HIV-positive MSM. Results indicated that sexual importance was the most significant predictor of risk-related sexual behaviors of HIV-positive MSM. The interaction term (TRS X sexual importance) was significant for sexual practices, number of sexual encounters, number of sexual partners, and unprotected anal intercourse. The interaction term (QMPR X sexual importance) was significant for attitude, sexual practices, and unprotected anal intercourse. The implications for behavioral interventions and clinical practice as well as for future research are discussed.
Download or read book Risk and Protective Factors Related to HIV risk Behavior written by Jason C. Forney and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioral and Psychological Responses to HIV antibody Testing written by Robert Russell Stempel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determinants of High Risk Sexual Behavior written by Harry Drasin and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AIDS has become a ubiquitous disease of catastrophic proportions. In this 'sex study' included as part of the Advocate magazine in 1994, attitudes and sexual activities of 13,000 gay men nationwide were surveyed. A set of research hypotheses were made, these were: that there would be a relationship between various sociodemographic, intepersonal and relational, substance use, sexual, experiential, and health care variables and high-risk sexual behavior. Some of these hypotheses were confirmed, while others were not. The particular value of this study is that it was nationwide, contained large numbers of participants and large numbers of variables, included all sizes of metropolitan areas, and specifically defined high-risk sexual activity. While many of the results confirm previous studies, the constellation and clustering of results perhaps points to issues larger than HIV and high-risk sexual behaviors alone, issues that are fundamentally societal. It is hoped that basic societal changes in attitudes towards gay men and women will reduce the isolation, loneliness, and feelings of being different that may well underlie the high rates of drug use and the meaning of the nature of sexual activity that is often present in gay community. It is at this fundamental societal level that progress against AIDS will need to proceed.
Download or read book Minority Stress and HIV Risk Behavior Among HIV positive Bisexual Black Men with Histories of Childhood Sexual Abuse written by Kimberly Anne Kisler and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, significant disparities in HIV/AIDS exist among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). For instance, in 2006, Black MSM comprised 63% of new HIV infections among Black men, and 35% of new HIV infections among all MSM (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010a). Further, Black MSM were the only risk group in the United States to experience statistically significant increases in new HIV infections between 2006 and 2009 (CDC, 2012a). To address such disparities, HIV prevention efforts that focus on reducing the stress associated with sociocultural factors, such as experiences and perceptions of racism and homophobia, have been proposed. Utilizing the minority stress model and the theory of Intersectionality as guiding theoretical frameworks, this study examined: the relationship between indicators of minority stress (events of racial/ethnic discrimination, internalized racism, and internalized homophobia) and HIV risk behavior; whether psychological distress and/or social support moderate this relationship; and whether a culturally congruent intervention was efficacious in reducing perceptions of internalized racism and internalized homophobia, and frequency of HIV risk behavior among a sample of HIV-positive non-gay identifying Black men who have sex with men and women and who have histories of childhood sexual abuse. The full sample included 117 men who were administered a baseline survey, as well as a sub-sample of 88 men who were randomized into either the Enhanced Sexual Health Intervention for Men (ES-HIM) intervention or Health Promotion control condition as part of the ES-HIM Project. The original randomized control trial took place between 2007 and 2011. Only perception of internalized racism was found to have a direct association with HIV risk behavior in this sample, though this relationship was negative meaning increased racial pride predicted more HIV risk behavior. The full model that included all indicators of minority stress, childhood sexual abuse, and social support explained HIV risk behavior better than each indicator of minority stress on its own. This supported the additive perspective of the theory of Intersectionality, but not the primary perspective of this theory. The interactionist perspective was also tested between internalized racism and internalized homophobia, but findings did not result in support for this perspective. The role of psychological distress was inconclusive. While ample evidence supported the removal of psychological distress in order to test a direct relationship between indicators of minority stress and HIV risk behavior, some support for moderation was found. Social support showed clear indication of a moderating effect between two indicators of minority stress and HIV risk behavior when controlling for other covariates. Further, the level of social support and the indicator of minority stress contributed to the overall effect of social support on HIV risk behavior. In terms of intervention effects, internalized racism did not decrease over the four time points for either the group as a whole (n=88), or by intervention condition. Internalized homophobia, however, significantly diminished over the four time points for the group as a whole, but no differences between the ES-HIM intervention and Health Promotion control condition were found. Finally, frequency of HIV risk behavior (i.e., intercourse without a condom) also decreased from baseline to post-intervention assessment for the group as a whole, but no intervention effects were found. Indicators of minority stress, namely internalized racism and internalized homophobia, appear to play an important role in the HIV risk behavior of this population. However, the relationship is nuanced among this highly marginalized sample. Finally, while the ES-HIM intervention was unsuccessful in effecting changes in internalized racism, internalized homophobia, and frequency of HIV risk behavior over time, significant reductions in internalized homophobia and HIV risk behavior for the group as a whole were achieved.
Download or read book Enhancing Sexual Health Self Identity and Wellbeing among Men Who Have Sex With Men written by Rusi Jaspal and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analysing research into links between low psychological wellbeing and sexual risk-taking behaviours that occur in men who have sex with men (MSM), this book demonstrates what impact social and psychological interventions could have on MSM at risk of poor sexual outcomes. At the heart of the book is Identity Process Theory, co-developed by the author, a social psychological theory of identity construction, threat and coping. The book considers the emerging debates in MSM's health, such as the use of Grindr and 'chemsex', and also explores the socio-structural factors, such as homophobia and stigma, that threaten the self-identity of MSM. The book offers principles and techniques from this theory that can be used as an effective intervention and therapeutic model with MSM to build more positive identities and reduce sexual risk-taking.
Download or read book HIV and Gay Men written by Rusi Jaspal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the clinical, social and psychological aspects of HIV among gay men and examines the complex factors that can contribute to HIV risk in this key population. With the target to end all HIV transmissions in the UK by 2030 in mind, Jaspal and Bayley combine elements of HIV medicine and social psychology to identify the remaining barriers to effective HIV prevention among gay men. The authors take the reader on a journey through the history of HIV, its science and epidemiology and its future, demonstrating the vital role of history, society and psychology in understanding the trajectory of the virus. Underpinned by theories from social psychology and clinical snapshots from practice, this book considers how psychological constructs, such as identity, risk and sexuality, can impinge on physical health outcomes. This refreshing and thought-provoking text is an invaluable resource for scholars, clinicians and students working in the field of HIV.
Download or read book Men Who Have Sex with Men written by Leonard Obodo and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent multicenter, randomized, double blind clinical trials have shown no association between HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and increased sexual risk behavior among high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little research has been conducted under natural conditions devoid of clinical trial controlled environment to confirm the lack of association between PrEP and increased sexual risk behavior. Also, research has shown conflicting associations between sociodemographic characteristics and sexual risk behavior among MSM. In this cross-sectional, web-based, primary data analysis, MSM who reside in United States of America and who make use of PrEP for HIV prevention were examined to determine and explain the relationship between PrEP and sexual risk behavior using the theory of health belief model.
Download or read book A Multilevel Approach to Understanding HIV related Behavior Among Asian Pacific Islander Men who Have Sex with Men written by Judy Yourong Tan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Interaction and Influence of Psychological States False Beliefs Harm Reduction Behaviors and Recreational Drug Use on High risk Sexual Behavior Among HIV negative Men who Have Sex with Men written by David Zade and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining Links of Racial and Sexual Identity Development Psychological Well being and Sexual Risks Among HIV Positive Same Sex Attracted African American Men written by Kessler Laura E. and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study investigated associations among African American and same sex attracted identity developmental components, psychological well-being, difficult sexual situations, and sexual risk practices among a sample (N = 73) of HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men (MSMs). The current study responds to Mays, Cochran, and Zamudio's (2004) call for empirical investigations of culturally specific determinants impacting psychological health and sexual risk behaviors among African American MSMs. The current study parallels the methodology of Diaz, Ayala, and Bein (2004) and Diaz, Bein, and Ayala (2006), linking experiences of homophobia, racism, and poverty to psychological health and sexual risk practices among gay identified Latino men. Using a similar framework, the current study investigated the impact of African American and same sex attracted identity development on psychological health and sexual risk practices within a sample of African American HIV-positive MSMs. The current study's sample reported a diverse range of sexual identities (e.g., gay, heterosexual, "on the down low;"), with all participants having engaged in consensual sex with other men. Results indicated that higher endorsement of the Anti-White African American identity (as measured by the Cross Racial Identity Scale [CRIS, Vandiver et al., 2000]), as well as lower levels of psychological well-being, and younger ages, predicted circumstances promoting unsafe sex. Higher endorsements of the African American identities of Multiculturalist Inclusive and Miseducation, as well as the same sex attracted identity of Superiority (as measured by the Lesbian and Gay Identity Scale [LGIS; Mohr & Fassinger, 2000]), predicted interpersonal barriers to unsafe sex. Additional exploratory analyses showed higher endorsements of the same sex identity of Homonegativity to predict lower levels of psychological well-being; higher endorsements of the African American identity of Assimilation, and same sex attracted identity of Need for Acceptance, to predict circumstances predicting unsafe sex; higher endorsements of the African American identities of Anti-White and Afrocentric to predict interpersonal barriers to unsafe sex; and higher endorsements of the Anti-White identity to predict sexual risk practices outside of a committed relationship. Descriptive data suggested that participants endorsed African American and same sex attracted identities differently than scale development samples. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the six-factor structure of the CRIS generally replicated within the current sample. However, there was an insufficient sample size to investigate the LGIS factor structure within the current sample. Qualitative data also suggested that participants are experiencing racial and sexual identity challenges, but also engaging in effective ways of coping with and resolving these challenges. Qualitative data also highlighted the importance of social support that is accepting of African American and same sex attracted male identities. Results imply that interventions highlighting issues around effectively managing racial and sexual identity challenges, and psychological distress, while providing social support, could help promote sexual health among HIV-positive African American MSMs.
Download or read book Repeat HIV Testing Is Associated with an Increase in Behavioral Risk Among Men Who Have Sex with Men a Cohort Study written by Naperville Naperville Press and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-16 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that high-risk groups, like sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM), receive HIV testing and counseling at least annually. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between voluntary repeat HIV testing and sexual risk behavior in MSM receiving rapid serologic and nucleic acid amplification testing.
Download or read book Seroadaptive Behaviors Among Seattle Men who Have Sex with Men MSM written by Christine M. Khosropour and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in seroadaptive behaviors - i.e., chose their sex partners, selectively use condoms, or adopt a sexual role based on their partner's HIV sero-status. Some of these behaviors may protect against HIV, but the complexity in measuring seroadaptive behaviors has made it difficult to develop messages about the practice. In a retrospective records review of MSM attending the Public Health - Seattle & King County (PHSKC) STD clinic and Gay City Health Project (GCHP), we examined trends in sexual behaviors and HIV test positivity between 2002 and 2013. We used log binomial regression to assess the risk of HIV/STI test positivity for serosorting (condomless anal intercourse [CAI] only with HIV-concordant partners) relative to non-concordant CAI (CAI with partners of discordant or unknown status) and no CAI. For an ongoing cross-sectional seroadaptive behaviors study, we developed a computer-based method to automatically recruit and enroll MSM PHSKC clinic patients into the study. We describe the proportion of men who enroll in the study and how these men differ from those who decline to enroll, to gauge the representativeness of our study sample. Using data from the population of enrolled men, we compared the prevalence and agreement (kappa statistic) of four seroadaptive behaviors using two definitions: a behavioral definition (men are classified as engaging in seroadaptive behaviors based on their reported sexual history) versus a purposely-adopted definition (men are specifically asked if they purposely adopted certain behaviors based on their partner's HIV status, to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition or transmission). We found that the proportion of men who report serosorting in the prior year increased substantially (by 15%) between 2002 and 2013, and in 2013 nearly one-third to one-half of MSM reported the behavior. Among HIV-negative MSM, these increases were concurrent with significant declines in the proportion of MSM who reported NCCAI, indicating a shift toward generally safer behaviors. Serosorting was associated with a lower risk of HIV than NCCAI (adjusted relative risk [aRR]=0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45-0.62) but a higher risk than no CAI (aRR=1.98; 95% CI=1.61-2.44). The absolute risk of testing newly positive for HIV declined for all men (from 3.5% to 1.4%; P=0.001)), regardless of reported behavior. In our cross-sectional seroadaptive behaviors study, we enrolled men at 2,661 (54%) of 4,994 eligible clinic visits during an 18-month period in 2013-2014, including 1,748 unique MSM. Enrolled men were broadly representative of all MSM in the clinic but compared to non-enrolled men, they reported a higher number of male sex partners (11 vs. 8; P
Download or read book Psychosocial Resilience and Risky HIV Behaviors Among Black MSM written by Wilson O Iyokho and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incidence rate of HIV among Black males having sex with Black males (BMSM) is high compared to that of other racial groups. Researchers have established the association between inappropriate sexual practices, age, income, and environmental determinants and HIV positive status among BMSM. Guided by resilience theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV risk behavior and resiliency with the goal of identifying a new intervention to mitigate the HIV infection rate in the BMSM community. The theoretical framework used for this study was the resilience theory. This theory is concern with the phenomenon of why some people thrive after period of catastrophic adversity while others do not. A quantitative research design was used to test for a correlation between psychosocial resilience and HIV risk behavior. Fifty seven respondents were included in the study, 28 who were HIV positive, and 29 who were HIV negative. The Risky Behavior Questionnaire and the Resilience Survey were used to collect study data. The main study finding was a significant correlation between resilience and sex-related HIV risk behaviors, and including unprotected sex.
Download or read book Predictors of HIV related Risk and Risk Avoidance Behavior Among Seropositive Men who Have Sex with Men written by Jessica Tam Offir and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Incidence Prevalence and Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Special Populations of Men who Have Sex with Men written by Trista Amber Bingham and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coping with HIV Infection written by Lena Nilsson Schönnesson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I'm like a whirling leaf in the wind," said one of Dr. Lena Nilsson SchOnnesson' s patients, and another "I'm in the claws of HIV." Their voices and those of other HIV-positive patients frame the humanistic and scholarly discussion in this impor tant book. Dr. SchOnnesson, a Fulbright scholar at the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University in 1995, has unusually extensive clinical experience in counseling HIV-positive gay men. Her work with 38 such patients treated between 1986 and 1995 is discussed in the pages that follow. Dr. SchOnnesson's longitudinal approach to clinical data is extremely unusual in the psychotherapy literature generally, and in the literature on counseling HIV positive men in particular. Building upon the experience of such recent scholar clinicians as Klitzman, Isay, Schaffner, and others, Dr. SchOnnesson adds some thing unique by analyzing her ongoing detailed notes of the psychotherapeutic process in a systematic quantitative as well as qualitative manner. The analysis of her data is further informed by her coauthor, Dr. Michael Ross, a therapist and investigator whose contribution to the clinical and research literature on the psychotherapeutic treatment of gay men has already been substantial.
