Download or read book A System Perspective on Energy End Use Measures in a District Heated Region written by Stefan Blomqvist and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A district heating and cooling (DHC) system can be a viable piece of the puzzle in the efforts of reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Especially if the DHC system include combined heat and power (CHP) plants which enable electricity production from renewable resources. This is set forth in national energy targets and sustainable development goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Moreover, improved energy efficiency and energy savings are important factors in fulfilling the national targets of decreased energy intensity as well as reducing the use of fossil fuels. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impacts of two energy end-use measures in a DHC network and their consequences on the efforts towards sustainable development. The end-use measures studied are (1) renovation of a multifamily building stock and (2) the use of a hydronic pavement system (HPS) including analysis of different control strategies. The end-use measures are assessed in terms of energy use and efficiency, use of renewable and fossil resources, and local and global GHG emissions. Lastly, it is analyzed how the results relate to national energy targets and SDGs. By using simulation and optimization models, several scenarios of end-use measures are analyzed in the two studies. In the first study, six scenarios are analyzed, as the renovation packages include measures on the envelope, ventilation and conversion from district heating to ground source heat pump. In the second study three scenarios are analyzed, where the HPS are operated all-time at a temperature below 4°C or are shut down at temperatures below -10°C or at temperatures below -5°C. The results of the study regarding the renovation of a multifamily building stock indicate a future reduction in heat demand. All scenarios show energy savings of the studied building, which ranged from 11% to 56%. All scenarios show a reduction in local GHG emissions, as well as reduced fossil fuel use. Although the largest reduction was found in the use of renewable resources. From a global perspective on GHG emissions, the scenarios with district heating out-performed measures with heat pump solutions in the studied system. Moreover, the study point to positive impacts on the efforts towards SDGs. To mitigate the reduced heat demand from the renovation of the building stock, an HPS may be used. The results show mostly renewable resources were used for the HPS. The use of HPS was found to generate a positive impact on global GHG emissions. A control strategy that shuts down the HPS at temperatures below -10°C would result in 10% energy saving and would maintain acceptable performance of the HPS. Furthermore, it would reduce the use of fossil fuel and reduce local GHG emissions by 25%. Moreover, an HPS may contribute to SDGs. It is concluded that energy end-use measures of renovating a multifamily building stock are vital in the work towards an improved energy intensity. However, these measures result in a decreased demand for heat in the DHC network. This can then lead to reduced electricity production from renewable resources in the CHP plants, which in turn have a negative impact on the global GHG emissions. By finding new applications, like HPS, the infrastructure of DHC networks could be utilized efficiently and serve as one piece of the puzzle that is the efforts towards sustainable development. Ett fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylenätverk kan vara en viktig del i arbetet att minska växthusgasutsläppen. Speciellt då ett fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylenätverk nyttjar kraftvärme, vilket möjliggör elproduktion från förnybara resurser. Detta efterfrågas i de nationella energimålen och i de globala målen för hållbar utveckling, även kallade Agenda 2030, som antogs av Förenta Nationerna 2015. Dessutom är förbättrad energieffektivitet och energibesparing viktiga faktorer för att nå de nationella energimålen för minskad energiintensitet. Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera effekterna av två användningsåtgärder i ett fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylenätverk, samt dess konsekvenser för en hållbar utveckling. De åtgärder som undersöks är (1) renovering av ett flerbostadshusbestånd och (2) användningen av ett markvärmesystem. Användningsåtgärderna analyseras utifrån energianvändning och energibesparing, användning av förnybara och fossila resurser, samt lokala och globala växthusgasutsläpp. Slutligen analyseras hur resultaten relaterar till nationella energimålen och de globala målen för hållbar utveckling. Genom att använda simulerings- och optimeringsmodeller analyseras flera scenarier av användningsåtgärder i de två studierna. I den första studien analyseras sex scenarier, där renoveringsåtgärderna innehåller klimatskals- och ventilationsåtgärder, samt ett byte av värmesystem från fjärrvärme till värmepump. I den andra studien analyseras tre scenarier. Ett då markvärmesystemet drivs kontinuerligt vid en utomhustemperatur under 4° C, samt då systemet även stängs av eller försätts i viloläge vid utomhustemperaturer under -10°C respektive -5°C. Resultaten från den först studien pekar på ett minskat värmebehov i framtiden. Alla scenarierna innebar energibesparingar i den studerade byggnaden, som varierade från 11% till 56%. Alla scenarier uppvisade en minskning av lokala växthusgasutsläpp, samt minskning av fossil bränsleanvändning. Dock ses den största minskningen i användandet av förnybara resurser. I ett globalt perspektiv på växthusgasutsläpp, så presterar värmelösningar med fjärrvärme bättre än de med värmepump i de studerade systemen. Studien uppvisar positiva effekter på de nationella målen, samt de globala målen för hållbar utveckling. För att möta den minskade värmebehovet kan ett markvärmesystem nyttjas. Resultaten visar att främst förnybara resurser används. Användningen av markvärme har en positiv inverkan på globala växthusgasutsläpp och en kontrollstrategi som försätter markvärmesystemet i vila vid temperaturer under -10°C kan resultera i 10% energibesparing samtidigt som en acceptabel prestanda bibehålls. Detta minskar den fossila bränsleanvändningen, samt de lokala växthusgasutsläppen med 25%. Ett markvärmesystem kan bidra i arbetet med de nationella målen, samt de globala målen för en hållbar utveckling. Slutsatsen är att renovering av ett bestånd av flerbostadshus ska genomföras i arbetet för en minskad energiintensitet. Dessa åtgärder leder emellertid till en minskad efterfrågan på värme. Detta kan minska elproduktion från förnybara resurser i kraftvärmeanläggningarna, vilket i sin tur har en negativ inverkan på de globala växthusgasutsläppen. Genom att hitta nya applikationer, som markvärme, kan infrastrukturen i fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylenätverk nyttjas effektivt fortsättningsvis och fungera som en bit i pusslet för en hållbar utveckling.
Download or read book Nordic heating and cooling written by Patronen, Jenni and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-05-29 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the EU Commission, the heating and cooling sector must sharply reduce its energy consumption and cut its use of fossil fuel in order to meet the EU's climate and energy goals. In the Nordic countries, a lot of effort has already been put to make heat production and consumption energy efficient and to decrease the emissions. To disseminate these experiences and good practices wider in Europe, and to identify further needs for co-operation, this study attempts to identify the common approaches of the Nordic countries towards the EU’s heating and cooling strategy and Winter Package regulation. This report describes the results of the work based on Pöyry’s analysis of the current heating and cooling sector practices and regulation in the Nordic countries, and interviews of the regulators and energy industry representatives from each country.
Download or read book Climate Impacts on Energy Systems written by Jane O. Ebinger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While the energy sector is a primary target of efforts to arrest and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and lower the carbon footprint of development, it is also expected to be increasingly affected by unavoidable climate consequences from the damage already induced in the biosphere. Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent?information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible."
Download or read book Cooperation in local electricity markets written by Maria Andersson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a system analysis for co-operation in local electricity markets including distributors and customers. The purpose of co-operation is to minimise the system cost of local markets by introducing system measures, such as end-use measures and municipal co-generation plants. Co-operation will strengthen the position of local markets in the national as well as future international electricity markets. With end-use measures local markets will achieve flexibility, additional reserve capacity and ability to avoid sudden large costs for peak loads. Biomass-fired cogeneration plants can become of great importance in an international market. In Sweden there is a simultaneous demand for electricity and district heating, many local markets already include district heating systems and there are major forest areas which can contribute with renewable fuel. The system analysis is partly based on the simulation model (INDSIM) and the linear programming model (MODEST). The simulation model has been further developed (STRATO) to include calculation of system costs. Shadow price analysis has been developed in order to study incentives for system measures. Calculation procedures have been developed that describe cooperation between distributor and customer. Six case studies of a selection of real, existing local markets in Sweden are presented. The studies show the potential economical effects of co-operation measured by system costs and shadow prices. Co-operation has been considered between demand- and supply-side, electricity- and district heating systems and also between different time periods. In a typical local market with 90 000 inhabitants, if end use measures are introduced without cooperation the system cost of the distributor will increase by 14 million SEK for a time period of 25 years. If instead end-use measures are introduced in co-operation, together with a biomass-fired cogeneration plant, the system cost of the local market will be reduced by 444 million SEK. Furthermore, the use of biomass in the local market is increased from 36 to 72 % while the use of oil is decreased from 34 to 1%. Another case study of another local market (50 000 inhabitants) shows that end-use measures will reduce the system cost (excluding investment costs) of an industry by 50 % corresponding to 1.3 million SEK for one year. The end-use measures imply reduced power demand during peak load periods in the local market and increased power demand during non- peak load periods.
Download or read book Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-04 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Buildings Energy Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Tradeoffs Between Energy Conservation Measures and District Heating in a Large US City written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination is made of the economic implications of applying end-user conservation measures to buildings that are served by a proposed district heating system in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. End-user conservation is a demand-side conservation strategy typified by changes in building operating procedures and changes in the building shell. District heating with cogeneration is a supply-side conservation method that allows scarce fossil fuels to be more efficiently converted into thermal and electrical energy. Technically these two conservation methods can be applied simultaneously to a densely populated urban are such as Minneapolis-St. Paul, but the implementation of one tends to reduce the economic feasibility of the other. This analysis suggests that building coservation measures will be difficult to justify economically in buildings that are connected to the proposed Minneapolis-St. Paul system.
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book District Cooling in the People s Republic of China written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report defines the concept of district cooling and summarizes its benefits and challenges then presents technologies used in the process---including stand-alone as well as integrated or cogeneration (or even trigeneration) solutions. It also discusses business models followed in the district cooling sector and considers the financial feasibility of district cooling projects and goes over the various regulations regarding district cooling. The report then looks into how district cooling has developed worldwide and examines the district cooling market in the People's Republic of China, then recommends steps that should be taken for the further development of district cooling in the country.
Download or read book District Energy in Cities written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies modern district energy as the most effective approach for many cities to transition to sustainable heating and cooling, by improving energy efficiency and enabling higher shares of renewables. This publication is one of the first reports to provide concrete policy, finance and technology best-practice recommendations on addressing the heating and cooling sectors in cities through energy efficiency improvements and the integration of renewables, both of which are central to the energy transition. These recommendations have been developed in collaboration with 45 champion cities, all of which use district energy, with 11 of them using it to achieve 100 per cent renewables or carbon-neutral targets.
Download or read book Statistical Reference Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Technology Assessment of Geothermal Energy Resource Development written by Futures Group and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Energy Assessment written by Thomas B. Johansson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 1885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Independent, scientifically based, integrated, policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues for specialists and policymakers in academia, industry, government.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy a Continuing Bibliography with Indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
