Download or read book A Study of the Expression of Gene VI of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus in Transgenic Arabidopsis written by Carolien Zijlstra and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CAMV Gene VI Protein written by Weichang Yu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gene VI protein (P6) of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) functions as a virulence factor in crucifers by eliciting a chlorosis symptom in infected plants. The ability to induce chlorosis has been associated previously with P6 through gene-swapping experiments between strains and through the analysis of transgenic plants that express P6. In this study, I characterized a variant of P6, derived from CaMV strain D4, which does not induce chlorosis upon transformation into Arabidopsis thaliana, and two other variants (W260 and CM1841) that induce strong chlorosis and stunting. The asymptomatic D4 P6 was proven to be fully functional. This work demonstrated that the virulence function of CaMV P6 was not related to its function as a Translational Transactivator (TAV), it also had implications for the CaMV gene expression strategies, and enabled us to analyze the functions of other CaMV genes not related to P6 in the disease expression. To characterize the host response to the CaMV P6, I profiled the host global gene expression in both the symptomatic W260 P6 and the asymptomatic D4 P6 transgenic Arabidopsis by a cDNA microarray. The microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 69 genes was affected by the more virulent W260 P6, whereas the expression of only 22 genes was affected by the D4 P6 in transgenic Arabidopsis. In general, genes involved in transcription, translation and stress response were induced, whereas genes involved in photosynthesis, hormone response, metabolism, and transport were suppressed in transgenic plants that expressed W260 P6. A cluster analysis coupled with a search of upstream regions of clustered genes, revealed two putative transcription factor binding motifs that may function in the induction of stress responses in transgenic plants that express P6. To visualize the subcellular location of CaMV P6, the GFP gene was fused to the C-terminus of P6 of the CaMV W260 isolate (G6GFP). The G6GFP fusion protein was able to form fluorescent inclusion bodies when expressed in agroinfiltrated N. edwardsonii leaves and in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, G6GFP appeared to have full TAV activity in an agroinfiltration assay. However, the G6GFP did not elicit HR in agroinfiltrated N. edwardsonii or elicit virus-like symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis, likely due to the instability of the G6GFP transcript. Preliminary experiments indicated that co-infiltration of the wild type W260 P6 construct with pG6GFP could stabilize the G6GFP transcript.
Download or read book A Genetic Approach to Study Host Factors of Arabidopsis Arabidopsis Thaliana that Influence Susceptibility to Cauliflower Mosaic Virus written by Anton Stuart Callaway and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mutational Analysis of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus written by Edward P. Broglio and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arabidopsis written by Detlef Weigel and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana is increasingly popular among plant scientists: it is small, easy to grow, and makes flowers, and the sequence of its small and simple genome was recently completed. This is the most complete and authoritative laboratory manual to be published on this model organism and the first to deal with genomic and proteomic approaches to its biology.
Download or read book Genetic Engin W Plant Viruses written by T. Michael A. Wilson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-09-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant viruses as agents to modify the plant phenotype for good or evil. The stability and utility of plant virus replicons. Plant virus genomes as sources of novel functions for genetic manipulations. Use ofn vitro transcription to study gene expression and replication of spherical, positive sense Rna plant viruses. Molecular pathologi of tobacco mosaic virus revealed by biollogically active DNAs. Geminiviruses as gene vectors. Geminiviruses as gene vectors. Genetic engineering with double-stranded DNA viruses. Expression of plant viral genes in transgenic plants. Genetic engineering with viroids.
Download or read book Analysis of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene Products and Their Expression written by Mark Jefferson Young and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear Genes written by Indra Vasil and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Volume 6: Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear Genes focuses on the spectacular and rapid advances in the molecular biology and genetics of plants. This book consists of 19 chapters. Chapters 1 to 5 describe the most commonly used approaches for the genetic transformation of plants. The light-inducible and tissue-organ-specific genes are discussed in Chapters 6 to 11. In Chapters 12 to 14, the genes regulating phytohormone synthesis, heat shock proteins, and nodulation in legume roots are treated, while in Chapters 15 to 16, the relationship between chromatin structure and gene expression and molecular biology of plant RNA viruses are analyzed. The development of transgenic plants resistant to viruses, insects, and herbicides is dealt with in the last three chapters. This volume is suitable for plant molecular biologist, genetic engineers, and researchers concerned with plant cell and tissue culture.
Download or read book Gene VI of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Isolate W260 Controls Resistance Breakage in Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotype Tsu o written by Sandra Beach and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene Expression written by Aine Plant and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene Expression written by Steven D. Hartson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recoding Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.
Download or read book Functional Characterization of Transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants Overexpressing Aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylic Acid Oxidase Gene written by Niveditha Ramadoss and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flooding is a common natural disaster that causes severe crop and soil damage throughout the world. Studies on ethylene have proven that it is effective in improving the flood tolerance in plants. One of the vital enzymes that is involved in ethylene biosynthesis in plants, is ACC oxidase (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase) that converts aminocyclopropane -1-carboxylic acid to ethylene. Therefore, we hypothesize that overexpression of ACC oxidase gene in plants can make them flood tolerant by synthesizing more ethylene. ACC oxidase gene was PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplified from Arabidopsis thaliana and cloned into pBINmgfp5-er vector, under the control of a constitutive Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter. GV101 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing recombinant pBINmgfp5-er vector was used for plant transformation by the 'floral dip' procedure. The transformants were identified through kanamycin selection and grown till T3 generation (third transgenic generation). The ACC oxidase gene expression was analyzed and confirmed through quantitative PCR (qPCR). The flood tolerance was assessed by placing both control and transgenic plants on plastic trays filled with tap water that covered the soil surface. Our result shows that wild-type Arabidopsis could not survive more than 20 days under flooding while the transgenic lines remained unaffected suggesting development of flood resistance with overexpression of ACC oxidase. Moreover, the transgenic plants developed flood adaptive traits that were not common in wild type plants. This study on Arabidopsis thaliana was carried out as a 'proof of concept'. Further studies must be done to replicate the same in agriculturally-important food crops.
Download or read book Cauliflower Mosaic Virus P6 Protein Interactions written by Lindy M. Lutz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), one of the top ten viruses from a molecular plant pathology standpoint, is a plant pararetrovirus whose 8 kb circular double-stranded DNA genome encodes 7 different proteins (P1-P7). CaMV P6, encoded by gene VI has been implicated in a variety of functions such as: translational transactivation, host range control, symptom formation, host hypersensitive responses, RNA silencing suppressor activity, inclusion body (IB) formation and virus infectivity. Because of its multifunctional nature, P6 interacts with many host, and viral proteins including itself. P6 self-association appears to involve four domains (D1-D4). D3 has been implicated in viral infectivity and contains two RNA binding domains, separated by a highly conserved 34 amino acid spacer called D3b. CaMV mutants harboring a deletion of D3b are non-infectious, indicating its importance for viral propagation. To further analyze D3b, full-length P6 constructs were generated that harbored single amino acid substitutions within this region. In general, the mutants bound less efficiently to the individual P6 domains than wild type. Mutations near the amino-terminal end of D3b had a more detrimental effect on self-association domain binding than those near the central portion. Since P6 is an IB protein, we hypothesized that mutations in D3b may influence IB formation. P6 IBs are thought to start out as small aggregations of protein (most likely P6) and ribosomes. They acquire additional materials (viral proteins and nucleic acids) to enlarge to form small bodies. Small bodies are then thought to fuse together to form larger, mature IBs. All mutant P6s formed IBs when expressed as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions in transgenic cells. However, the mutant P6s that were most reduced in binding also showed decreased IB size. Hence, the mutations in D3b appear to affect the fusion of small IBs into larger ones. It is possible that IB size is important because it correlated with differences in virus host range. CaMV strain W260 has a much wider host range and more efficiently infects host plants when compared to the CM1841 isolated. Our most recent data show that CM1841 IBs are smaller than those formed by W260 P6. In addition, P6 mutants that showed decreased binding to self-association domains and smaller IB sizes also exhibited much lower total viral DNA levels in inoculated leaves. This was also reflected by systemic symptom formation. Hence, less efficient binding correlates with smaller IB size and reduced local and systemic infection for the mutants. Taken together, these data suggest that fusion of small IBs into larger ones is important for proper viral infections to occur and we have possibly identified mutants in this process. In addition, these data suggest that IB formation is required for viral infection rather than merely being a consequence of it. The CaMV genome encodes seven viral proteins including P6. P6 has been reported to interact with two other viral proteins in addition to itself. Therefore, we also examined P6 for its ability to interact with the other viral gene products. P6 was found to interact with the aphid transmission factor (P2), the virion-associated protein (P3), reverse transcriptase protein (P5), and the protein of unknown function (P7). P2 was previously reported to control the difference in IB stability between CM1841 and W260. Our data indicate that P2 from both viruses bound equally well to P6. The CM1841 P2 is less stable than its W260 counterpart. Taken together, this would suggest that the differences in IB stability for W260 and CM1841 mediated by P2 are due to variation in P2 protein stability rather than P6 binding. Binding of P6 to P3 could help the latter protein form complexes necessary for aphid transmission and virus cell-to-cell movement. P5 has a tri-partite structure with an N-terminal protease domain, a central reverse transcriptase (RT) and a C-terminal RNase H domain. Our pull-down results showed P6 could interact with full-length P5. Based on our preliminary pull-down analyses, P6 could bind inefficiently to the protease but more efficiently to the RT-RNase H (termed P5MC) portion of P5. Perhaps this interaction plays a role in P5 RT regulation. Interestingly, P5MC interactions with P5 showed a similar pattern to the P6 interactions. P5MC was able to self-associate well, but and interacted weakly with full-length P5 and the protease. P6 also interacted with P7, but the significance of this interaction is unknown. Perhaps P7 aids P6 in regulating an aspect of translational transactivation, but this is mere speculation. In addition, P6 can also interact with a variety of host factors. In collaboration with Dr. James Schoelz at the University of Missouri, we found three Arabidopsis proteins: CHUP1, C2CDMT, and FIT that interact with full-length P6. Interestingly, of the four domains involved in P6 self-association, only D2 and D4 bind to CHUP1 and C2CDMT. However, FIT was able to bind to all P6 self-association domains but best to D2. Given that it binds to other host factors, we might speculate that D2 of P6 maybe acts as a host interface domain. In summary P6 interacts with a large number of both viral and host proteins. P6 self-association is needed for proper IB formation and efficient infection. P6 interactions with each of the other viral proteins may be to modulate proper interactions of these proteins with their appropriate partners. Finally, P6 interactions with host factors may play a role in inhibiting host defenses, modulating systemic symptom formation, or mediating inter and intra cellular movement.
Download or read book The Mechanism of Expression of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Reverse Transcriptase Gene written by Michael Schultze and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene VI Product Self association written by Yongzhong Li and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Promoters and Transcription Factors written by Lutz Nover and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of plant gene expression at the transcriptional level is the main subject of this volume. Genetics, molecular biology and gene technology have dramatically improved our knowledge of this event. The functional analysis of promoters and transcription factors provides more and more insights into the molecular anatomy of initiation complexes assembled from RNA polymerase and the multiplicity of helper and control proteins. Formation of specific DNA-protein complexes - activating or repressing transcription - is the crux of developmental or environmental control of gene expression. The book presents an up-to-date, critical overview of this rapidly advancing field.
