Download or read book A Study of the Application of the HLB Values of Surfactants for Use in the Formulation of Aerosols written by Theresa Shum and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages written by Vitthal S. Kulkarni and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A needed resource for pharmaceutical scientists and cosmetic chemists, Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages provides insight into the basic chemistry of mixing different phases and test methods for the stability study of nonsolid formulations. The book covers foundational surface/colloid chemistry, which forms the necessary background for making emulsions, suspensions, solutions, and nano drug delivery systems, and the chemistry of mixing, which is critical for further formulation of drug delivery systems into semisolid (gels, creams, lotions, and ointments) or liquid final dosages. Expanding on these foundational principles, this useful guide explores stability testing methods, such as particle size, rheological/viscosity, microscopy, and chemical, and closes with a valuable discussion of regulatory issues. Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages offers scientists and students the foundation and practical guidance to make and analyze semisolid and liquid formulations. Unique coverage of the underlying chemistry that makes possible stable dosages Quality content written by experienced experts from the drug development industry Valuable information for academic and industrial scientists developing topical and liquid dosage formulations for pharmaceutical as well as skin care and cosmetic products
Download or read book Hydrophile Lipophile Balance of Surfactants and Solid Particles written by Pyotr M Kruglyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-18 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the different concepts of hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of surfactants and solid particles and the main physicochemical properties of surfactant and solid interfaces which are used to definite the hydrophile-lipophile balance. The book comprehensively analyses all interfacial and bulk properties of surfactants used for the determination of HLB (such as interfacial tension, distribution coefficient, adsorption, surface pressure, surfactants solubility, structure characteristics, distribution between heteropolar phases, micellar formation, chromatographic characteristics, phase separation in emulsions, phase inversion temperature, formation of three phase systems).The central point of the book is the energetic interpretation of the balance, i.e. the hydrophile-lipophile ratio. At the same time the HLB-number systems of Griffin and Davies and other independant methods of the hydrophile-lipophile balance definitions are discussed: PIT, polarity indexes, surfactant affinity difference etc. The possibility of application of the different characteristics of the hydrophile-lipophile balance as a criterion of phase inversion in emulsions and microemulsion systems water-oil-surfactant are considered.For the first time the different methods of the hydrophile-lilophile balance definition for solid particles in compact and dispersed form are suggested by the author. The use of hydrophile-lipophile characteristics of solid particles as a criterion of phase inversion in emulsion stabilisation and for other applications is discussed.
Download or read book Novel Surfactants written by Krister Holmberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-03 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively revised and expanded, this timely reference discusses the synthesis, properties, and potential applications of popular and emerging surfactant compounds and systems. This reference reflects current research trends in green surfactants, the production of surfactants using biotechnological methods, and surfactants based on natural buildin
Download or read book Surfactant Formulation Engineering using HLD and NAC written by Edgar Acosta and published by Academic Press and AOCS Press. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants are molecules that contain groups that are water-loving (hydrophilic) and oil-loving (lipophilic). The central question in formulations is often which of the two portions dominate the behavior of the surfactant. For many years that question was answered in terms of the surfactant structure only. However, the modern view is that the hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of the surfactant is the result of surfactant structure and formulation conditions (nature of the oil, temperature, aqueous phase composition) as captured by a semi-empirical equation called the hydrophilic-lipophilic difference (HLD). The HLD is a dimensionless number that indicate the approach to the point where the surfactant inverts its solubility from being water-soluble (negative HLD) to oil-soluble (positive HLD). The HLD alone is a good indicator of how the formulation could behave but it does not produce any formulation property that can be used to predict product performance. The net-average curvature (NAC) are a set of equations that take the value of HLD to predict the properties of the formulation, such as oil (and/or water) solubilization capacity, interfacial tension, phase diagrams, contact angle and others. The book will not only introduce the reader to HLD-NAC but also to the practical use of these concepts in numerous applications ranging from application in the petroleum industry, to environmental remediation, to food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, and even nanotechnology. The last part of the book will look at the molecular origins of the empirical terms in HLD via the Integrated Free Energy Model (IFEM). Concentrates on the HLD and NAC, providing industrially-relevant examples Provides the only single depository for HLD parameters Balances theory and application, with insights from both academic and industrial authors Includes examples relevant to a wide range of fields, with practical guides on how to go from the formulation objective(s) to an actual formulation design
Download or read book Application and Characterization of Surfactants written by Reza Najjar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surfactants are among the materials that have a significant importance in everyday life of human. The rapid growth in science and technology has opened new horizons in a very wide range, in which the surfactants play a major and vital role. Hence, the increasing number of applications as well as arising environmental issues has made this relatively old topic still a hot research theme. In the first section of this book, some of the applications of surfactants in various fields such as biology and petroleum industry, as well as their environmental effects, are described. In Section 2 some experimental techniques used for characterization of the surfactants have been discussed.
Download or read book Chemical Formulation written by Tony Hargreaves and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2003 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical formulation can be traced back to Stone Age times, when hunter-gatherers attached flint arrowheads to shafts using a resin made from birch bark and beeswax. Today, formulated preparations are part of everyday life. Formulations based on surfactants are by far the most prolific, from shampoos and shower gels to emulsion paint and polishes. This book discusses the chemical technology of surfactants and related chemicals, using over forty examples of everyday products. Some basic theory on surface chemistry, molecular interactions and surfactant function is included to aid understanding. Chemical Formulation: An Overview of Surfactant-based Preparations Used in Everyday Life then goes on to look at wider aspects such as surfactant manufacture, raw materials, environment, sustainability, analysis and testing. Throughout, common chemical names are used for formulation chemicals, further aiding the readability of the book. Bridging the gap between theory and application, this book will be invaluable to anyone wishing to broaden their knowledge of applied chemistry, including students on A level, BTEC and technician courses. It will also be of benefit to those new to the formulation industry.
Download or read book Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants written by Richard J. Farn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants are used throughout industry as components in a hugerange of formulated products or as effect chemicals in theproduction or processing of other materials. A detailedunderstanding of the basis of their activity is required by allthose who use surfactants, yet the new graduate or postgraduatechemist or chemical engineer will generally have little or noexperience of how and why surfactants work. Chemistry & Technology of Surfactants is aimed at newgraduate or postgraduate level chemists and chemical engineers atthe beginning their industrial careers and those in later life whobecome involved with surfactants for the first time. The book is astraightforward and practical survey of the chemistry ofsurfactants and their uses, providing a basic introduction tosurfactant theory, information on the various types of surfactantand some application details. This will allow readers to build ontotheir scientific education the concepts and principles on which thesuccessful use of surfactants, across a wide range of industries,is based.
Download or read book Handbook of Surfactants written by M.R. Porter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide consumption of surfactants now exceeds several million tonnes per annum. Six ofthe major types represent approximately 80% ofthe volume consumed, whereas the remaining 20% is made up of approximately 40 different chemical types. Commercially produced surface active agents are not pure chemicals, and within each chemical type there can be tremendous variation. Technical staff who are not familiar with surfactants are frequently bewildered by the enormous variety of different products on the market and the vast body of literature which exists on the composition and properties of surfactants. The selection of the best surfactant for any given use therefore becomes a major problem. This volume arose from the clear need to have available a simple reference book summarising the different types of surfactants on the market and their properties. The concept and structure of the book evolved from early attempts to define chemical structure/property relationships of all the different types of surfactants commercially available, into a simple handbook providing essential background information for the surfactant user. It is realised that most users will be developing their own data bank of structure/end use property relationships and they will therefore be the experts on end use.
Download or read book Surfactants in Agrochemicals written by TharwatF. Tadros and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work highlights the physical chemistry of surfactant solutions, detailing a fundamental method of selecting surfactants for agrochemical formulations and delineating how surfactants enhance the biological efficacy of agrochemicals. The unique properties of surfactants that have a major influence on the performance of an agrochemical are summarized.;The book is intended for physical, surface and colloid chemists; biochemists; microbiologists; agronomists; research and development personnel in the pesticide and fertilizer industries; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking chemistry and chemical engineering courses.;College and university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special price which is available on request from Marcel Dekker Inc.
Download or read book Influence of HLB Values of Surfactants on Drug Release from Emulsified Systems written by William Gene Waggoner and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Specialist Surfactants written by I.D. Robb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants are vital components in biological systems, are key ingredients in many formulated products and play an important role in many industrial processes. The property which makes surfactants so useful is their ability to stabilize complex colloidal and interfacial systems. It is not surprising therefore that many new surfactant materials are developed, many of which have novel properties. However because their potential is not fully appreciated they remain underutilized by industry. The main purpose of this book is to illustrate the utility of a range of novel surfactants, in particular those which have been found useful in specific areas and which seem to offer promise across a wider range of applications. The contributors are drawn from industry and academic research and provide a comprehensive account of the preparation, properties and applications of these specialist surfactants. Research chemists in industry and academia will find this book a concise and authoritative account of this important group of surfactants.
Download or read book Surfactants in Solution written by K.L. Mittal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This and its companion Volumes 5 and 6 document the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Surfactants in Solution held in Bordeaux, France, July 9-13, 1984. This symposium was the continuation of the series of symposia initiated in 1976 in Albany, New York under the title "Micellization, Solubilization and Microemulsions". The next two symposia were labelled "Solution Chemistry of Surfactants" and "Solution Behavior of Surfactants: Theoretical and Applied Aspects" held in Knoxville, TN in 1978 and Potsdam, N. Y. in 1980, respectively. In 1982 at the time of the 4th Symposium in this series, it became amply evident that there was a definite need to have more a generic title to describe these biennial events, and after much deliberation it was decided that an appropriate title would be "Surfactants in Solution" as both the aggregation and adsorption aspects of surfactants were addressed. So the 4th Symposium was held in 1982 in Lund, Sweden, under this new rubric, and it was decided to continue these symposia in the future under this appellation. Naturally, the Bordeaux Symposium was dubbed as the 5th International Symposium on Surfactants in Solution, and our logo became SIS which is very apropos and appealing. It was in Bordeaux that the decision was made to hold the 6th SIS Symposium in New Delhi and it is scheduled for August 18-22, 1986 in the capital of India.
Download or read book Surfactants in Solution written by Arun K. Chattopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains selected invited papers presented at the 10th International Symposium on Surfactants in Solution held in Caracas, Venezuela. The volume covers phase behaviour of monolayers, contact angle hysteresis, micellar relaxation, micellar catalyzed reactions, polymerization in microemulsions, polymer-surfactant complexation, asphaltenes, and more.
Download or read book Organized Solutions written by Stig Friberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-07-21 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by top international experts in colloid and surface chemistry. Contains close to 750 literature references and nearly 400 useful figures, equations and tables.
Download or read book Metered Dose Inhaler Technology written by Tol S. Purewal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-12-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metered Dose Inhaler Technology explores the technologies of pressurized metered dose inhalation (MDI) delivery systems and provides practical, easy-to-use guidance to effective product formulation. With contributions from an international panel of authors, the book addresses the global phase-out of chloroflurocarbon chemicals (CFCs), the generation of propellant systems to replace them, and their associated new medications and therapies. Topics include the manufacture of metered dose inhalers, particle size analysis in inhalation therapy, development and testing, pharmcokinetics and metabolism of propellants, toxicology, and more.
Download or read book Surfactants written by Laurier Lincoln Schramm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2000 book provides an introduction to the nature, occurrence, physical properties, propagation, and uses of surfactants in the petroleum industry.
