Download or read book A Study of Silicon Nanomembranes and Its Application to Electronics and Photonics written by Huiqing Pang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon Nanomembranes written by John A. Rogers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by the leaders in the fi eld, with chapters from highly renowned international researchers, this is the fi rst coherent overview of the latest in silicon nanomembrane research. As such, it focuses on the fundamental and applied aspects of silicon nanomembranes, ranging from synthesis and manipulation to manufacturing, device integration and system level applications, including uses in bio-integrated electronics, three-dimensional integrated photonics, solar cells, and transient electronics. The first part describes in detail the fundamental physics and materials science involved, as well as synthetic approaches and assembly and manufacturing strategies, while the second covers the wide range of device applications and system level demonstrators already achieved, with examples taken from electronics and photonics and from biomedicine and energy.
Download or read book Silicon Nanomembranes written by John A. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon Based Nanomaterials written by Robert W. Kelsall and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon has been proven to be remarkably resilient as a commercial electronic material. The microelectronics industry has harnessed nanotechnology to continually push the performance limits of silicon devices and integrated circuits. Rather than shrinking its market share, silicon is displacing “competitor” semiconductors in domains such as high-frequency electronics and integrated photonics. There are strong business drivers underlying these trends; however, an important contribution is also being made by research groups worldwide, who are developing new configurations, designs, and applications of silicon-based nanoscale and nanostructured materials. This Special Issue features a selection of papers which illustrate recent advances in the preparation of chemically or physically engineered silicon-based nanostructures and their application in electronic, photonic, and mechanical systems.
Download or read book Silicon Nanophotonics written by Leonid Khriachtchev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonics is a key technology of this century. The combination of photonics and silicon technology is of great importance because of the potentiality of coupling electronics and optical functions on a single chip. Many experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to understand and design the photonic properties of silicon nanocrystals. Generation of light in silicon is a challenging perspective in the field; however, the issue of light-emitting devices does not limit the activity in the field. Research is also focused on light modulators, optical waveguides and interconnectors, optical amplifiers, detectors, memory elements, photonic crystals, etc. A particularly important task of silicon nanostructures is to generate electrical energy from solar light. Understanding the optical properties of silicon-based materials is central in designing photonic components. It is not possible to control the optical properties of nanoparticles without fundamental information on their microscopic structure, which explains a large number of theoretical works on this subject. Many fundamental and practical problems should be solved in order to develop this technology. In addition to open fundamental questions, it is even more difficult to develop the known experimental results towards practical realization. However, the world market for silicon photonics is expected to be huge; thus, more research activity in the field of silicon nanophotonics is expected in the future. This book describes different aspects of silicon nanophotonics, from fundamental issues to practical devices. The second edition is essentially different from the book published in 2008. Eight chapters of the first edition are not included in the new book, because the recent progress on those topics has not been large enough. Instead, seven new chapters appear. The other eight chapters are essentially modified to describe recent achievements in the field.
Download or read book Silicon Nanophotonics written by Leonid Khriachtchev and published by Pan Stanford Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale materials are showing great promise in various optoelectronics applications, especially the fast-developing fields of optical communication and optical computers. With silicon as the leading material for microelectronics, the integration of optical functions into silicon technology is a very important challenge. This book concentrates on the optoelectronic properties of silicon nanocrystals, associated phenomena and related topics, from basic principles to the most recent discoveries. The areas of focus include silicon-based light-emitting devices, light modulators, optical wavevguides and interconnectors, optical amplifiers and memory elements. The book comprises theoretical and experimental analyses of various properties of silicon nanocrystals, research methods and preparation techniques, and some promising applications.
Download or read book Silicon Nanomembrane for High Performance Conformal Photonic Devices written by Xiaochuan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic material based electronics and photonics on unconventional substrates have shown tremendous unprecedented applications, especially in areas that traditional wafer based electronics and photonics are unable to cover. These areas range from flexible and conformal consumer products to biocompatible medical devices. This thesis presents the research on single crystal silicon nanomembrane photonics on different substrates, especially flexible substrates. A transfer method has been developed to transfer silicon nanomembrane defect-freely onto glass and flexible polyimide substrates. Using this method, intricate single crystal silicon nanomembrane device, such as photonic crystal microcavity, has been transferred onto flexible substrates. To test the device, subwavelength grating couplers are designed and implemented to couple light in and out of the transferred waveguides with high coupling efficiency. The cavity shows a quality factor ~ 9000 with water cladding and ~30000 with glycerol cladding, which is comparable to the same cavity demonstrated on silicon-on-insulator platform, indicating the high quality of the transferred silicon nanomembrane. The device could be bended to a radius less than 15 mm. The experiments show that the resonant wavelength shifts to longer wavelength under tensile stress, while it shifts to shorter wavelength under compressive stress. The sensitivity of the cavity is ~70 nm/RIU, which is independent of bending radius. This demonstration opens vast possibilities for a whole new range of high performance, light-weight and conformal silicon photonic devices. The techniques and devices (e.g. wafer bonding, stamp printing, subwavelength grating couplers, and modulator) generated in the research can also be beneficial for other research fields.
Download or read book Nanostructured Silicon for Photonics written by Zeno Gaburro and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of light to channel signals around electronic chips could solve several current problems in microelectronic evolution including: power dissipation, interconnect bottlenecks, input/output from/to optical communication channels, poor signal bandwidth, etc. It is unfortunate that silicon is not a good photonic material: it has a poor light-emission efficiency and exhibits a negligible electro-optical effect. Silicon photonics is a field having the objective of improving the physical properties of silicon; thus turning it into a photonic material and permitting the full convergence of electronics and photonics.
Download or read book Towards Perfect Light Coupling and Absorption in Nanomembranes with Omni directional Anti reflection and Photonic Crystal Structures written by Arvinder Singh Chadha and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics is realized as a promising platform to meet the requirements of higher bandwidth and low cost high density monolithic integration. More recent demonstrations of a variety of stretchable, foldable and transfer printed ultra-thin silicon integrated circuits have instigated the use of flexible silicon nanomembrane for practical applications. Equally impressive innovations are demonstrated in the area of flat screen displays, smart cards, eyeglasses, and wearable displays. However, the overall efficiency of a variety of optical device is limited by poor light management resulting from difficulty of light coupling, small absorption volume in thin-film nanomembrane, and glare at oblique incidence to name a few. The aim of this thesis is to present the work of micro and nano-scale structures for out-of-plane light coupling and absorption for integrated silicon photonics and high performance solar cells and photodetectors, with maximum absorption in the functional layer and minimal front-surface reflection and minimal rearsurface transmission. Perfect absorption in a variety of semiconductor nanomembranes (NM) and atomic layers of two dimensional (2D) materials over different wavelength spectrum is realized due to local field intensity enhancement at critical coupling to the guided resonances of a photonic crystal (PC). A judicious choice of grating parameters tailors the power diffracted in the zeroth order and higher order modes making the device work as a broadband reflector, an in-plane coupler or a combination of both reflector and an inplane coupler. At surface normal incidence, the polarization dependence of the grating based reflector is eliminated by the use of 2D photonic crystals. The incorporation of such a reflector after the functional nanomembrane layer reduces the back-surface transmission. Effect of incident angle, polarization and incident plane misalignment dependence on the reflection of a silicon NM based reflector are investigated in detail. The front-surface Fresnel reflection is reduced with the incorporation of an omnidirectional anti-reflection coating (Omni-ARC) based on nanostructures or by deposition of graded refractive index (GRIN) films. A design methodology based on the comparison of the rate of change of the refractive index profile of nanostructures of different shapes and thickness as an equivalent GRIN film suggests the minimum feature size needed to give near perfect ARC. Numerical models were built to account for the non - uniform GRIN film deposition on both rigid and flexible, flat and curved surfaces resulting from the variation in the resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) process technology. With the miniaturization of the devices, the effect of finite beam size and finite active area of the photonic components on the optical properties like transmission, reflection and scattering loss was studied as well. All the numerical studies presented in the thesis are validated by experimental results.
Download or read book Device Applications of Silicon Nanocrystals and Nanostructures written by Nobuyoshi Koshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, up-to-date book systematically covers recent developments in the technology of silicon nanocrystals and silicon nanostructures, where quantum-size effects are important. The chapters include a number of examples of device applications.
Download or read book Device Applications of Silicon Nanocrystals and Nanostructures written by Nobuyoshi Koshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in the technology of silicon nanocrystals and silicon nanostructures, where quantum-size effects are important, are systematically described including examples of device applications. Due to the strong quantum confinement effect, the material properties are freed from the usual indirect- or direct-bandgap regime, and the optical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties of these nanocrystalline and nanostructured semiconductors are drastically changed from those of bulk silicon. In addition to efficient visible luminescence, various other useful material functions are induced in nanocrystalline silicon and periodic silicon nanostructures. Some novel devices and applications, in fields such as photonics (electroluminescence diode, microcavity, and waveguide), electronics (single-electron device, spin transistor, nonvolatile memory, and ballistic electron emitter), acoustics, and biology, have been developed by the use of these quantum-induced functions in ways different from the conventional scaling principle for ULSI.
Download or read book Nanomembrane Surface Emitting Light Sources written by Santhad Chuwongin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline semiconductor nanomembranes (NM), which are transferable, stackable, bondable and manufacturable, offer unprecedented opportunities for unique electronic and photonic devices for vertically stacked high density photonic/electronic integration, high performance flexible electronics and flexible photonics. High quality single crystalline silicon NMs (Si NM) have been transferred onto various foreign substrates, such as glass and flexible Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, based on low temperature transfer and stacking processes, developed by various groups. In the last few years, significant progress has been made by Ma's group on record high-speed flexible electronics, and high performance flexible Germanium (Ge) photodetectors, based on transferable Si/SiGe NMs. Many excellent results have also been reported by Lagally and Rogers's group on the unique electronic, photonic and thermoelectronic, and mechanical properties associated with this new class of inorganic flexible semiconductor membrane material systems. In this thesis, the design, fabrication and characterization of these following unique photonic devices, with focus on the NM broadband reflectors both on SOI and glass substrates, flexible crystalline InP NM LEDs arrays on PET substrate, and membrane reflector vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (MR-VCSELs) on silicon substrate, will be investigated in detail. The single crystalline silicon membrane reflectors (MR) based on Fano resonance or guided mode resonance (GMR) effect have been designed, fabricated, characterized, and compared their measured results with calculated ones and all of them agreed very well. Importantly, all of these MRs will be employed to replace distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in the conventional InP-based VCSEL and provide a very compact resonant cavity for MR-VCSELs which will be discussed later. The flexible crystalline InP NM LEDs arrays for high performance flexible electronics and photonics have been experimentally demonstrated, transferred onto PET substrate based on low temperature transfer and stacking processes including frame-assisted membrane transfer process (FAMT), and both optically and electrically characterized. The III-V based VCSELs on Si substrate by transfer printing technique have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The InGaAsP quantum wells embedded in a Si-MR cavity have been performed. Unlike the conventional DBR-based VCSEL, the ultra-thin DBR-free MR-VCSELs can be bonded or transferred onto Si substrate after finisheing laser fabrication that offers a very simple and agile approach to large sacale photonic herogeneous integration. Unlocked constraints in lattice mismatches and thermal mismatches, moving forward to a wide range of application in optoelectronic and photonic devices, and integrated systems.
Download or read book Silicon Nanophotonics for Mid Infrared Applications written by Hosam Ibrahim Mekawey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The research targets the challenge of being able to bring the recently discovered nanophotonics phenomena in the visible spectrum to the Mid-Infrared spectrum in order to be exploited in many mid-IR related applications which include sensing and energy harvesting. In addition to this, the material of choice needs to be silicon in order to take advantage of the low cost, mass fabrication capabilities offered by silicon-based, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) standard fabrication techniques employed in the modern electronics industry. Mainly there are five research points that are being tackled. The first research point has 3 objectives. First, is to investigate and model the effect of plasma dispersion on silicon optical response in order to modulate the phase velocity as well as the absorption coefficient of the material. Second, is to identify the possibility of using silicon with high concentration of excess carriers, introduced either through doping or by optical excitation, instead of metals which are essential in realizing plasmonic-based phenomena in nanophotonics. The third and last objective of the first research point is to investigate the possibility for silicon to generate plasmonic effects in the mid-IR instead of the visible spectrum as the case with metals. Hence bringing many useful nanophotonics attributes to the mid-IR spectrum and the applications related to such spectral range. The second point is to perform modal analysis to identify the fundamental modes in both the rectangular cavity waveguide and the silicon-based slot waveguide due to the critical role they play in many nanophotonics devices and phenomena needed in subsequent research points. Also to investigate ways of engineering the dispersion of such modes in both waveguides.The third point is to investigate the existence of the Extraordinary Transmission (EOT) phenomenon in silicon perforated films. EOT was discovered in perforated metals in 1999. Investigation of the potential of using EOT for mid-IR sensing applications is also an objective. The fourth research point tackles the design of Nano-antenna for sensing applications by realizing an enhancement in the localized electric field in such nanoantenna. Enhanced scattering from silicon nanoparticles with high excess carriers' concentration and the dynamic real-time tuning of the resonance frequency for sensing and mid-IR spectroscopy applications is part of the objective of the fourth research point. Investigating dipole and bowtie shapes in silicon based nanoantenna and compare their performance with their metallic counterpart is also part of the objective of the fourth research point. Finally a fabrication objective of generating doped and intrinsic silicon nanowires by a single fabrication step through the use of excimer laser and deposited amorphous Silicon film was pursued under this research point. It is expected that the un-doped silicon nanowires can have an enhanced absorption in the visible range in comparison to the flat thin film counterpart. By being able to fabricate doped silicon nanowires, enhancing the absorption in the mid-IR spectrum could be a possibility that can be investigated. Designing a low loss subwavelength optical interconnect on the sub-micrometer level using silicon with high concentration of excess carriers is the fifth research point along with investigating the possibility of enhancing the transmission over bends in real-time through dynamic excess carrier generation. The working wavelength for the optical interconnect is expected to be in the near and mid-IR range. This research exploits recently discovered phenomena in the nanophotonics field and attempts to bring such phenomena to the mid-IR range to be used in the design of novel devices that can provide novel solution for sensing and energy harvesting in such spectrum. Specifically, Extraordinary Transmission (EOT), Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP), and the light guidance through subwavelength low index material regions are the key phenomena targeted by this research. This research also performs detailed investigation of the properties of subwavelength rectangular and slot waveguides to uncover more of their benefits and characterize their guidance attributes in details. Using Silicon as a material of choice is a priority due to its mature fabrication processes and the possibility of integrating silicon photonics devices into electronics chips using a CMOS-compatible fabrication process. It is also possible to tune the optical response of silicon through doping and excess carrier generation. The possibility for silicon to mimic the behavior of metal at the nanoscale in producing LSPR and SPP-based phenomena by introducing high concentration of excess carriers into silicon is a significant objective of this research which can bring low cost, mass fabrication to plasmonic-based optical devices operating in the mid-IR spectrum.
Download or read book Photonic Integration and Photonics Electronics Convergence on Silicon Platform written by Koji Yamada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics technology, which has the DNA of silicon electronics technology, promises to provide a compact photonic integration platform with high integration density, mass-producibility, and excellent cost performance. This technology has been used to develop and to integrate various photonic functions on silicon substrate. Moreover, photonics-electronics convergence based on silicon substrate is now being pursued. Thanks to these features, silicon photonics will have the potential to be a superior technology used in the construction of energy-efficient cost-effective apparatuses for various applications, such as communications, information processing, and sensing. Considering the material characteristics of silicon and difficulties in microfabrication technology, however, silicon by itself is not necessarily an ideal material. For example, silicon is not suitable for light emitting devices because it is an indirect transition material. The resolution and dynamic range of silicon-based interference devices, such as wavelength filters, are significantly limited by fabrication errors in microfabrication processes. For further performance improvement, therefore, various assisting materials, such as indium-phosphide, silicon-nitride, germanium-tin, are now being imported into silicon photonics by using various heterogeneous integration technologies, such as low-temperature film deposition and wafer/die bonding. These assisting materials and heterogeneous integration technologies would also expand the application field of silicon photonics technology. Fortunately, silicon photonics technology has superior flexibility and robustness for heterogeneous integration. Moreover, along with photonic functions, silicon photonics technology has an ability of integration of electronic functions. In other words, we are on the verge of obtaining an ultimate technology that can integrate all photonic and electronic functions on a single Si chip. This e-Book aims at covering recent developments of the silicon photonic platform and novel functionalities with heterogeneous material integrations on this platform.
Download or read book Advanced Semiconducting Materials and Devices written by K.M. Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest developments in semiconducting materials and devices, providing up-to-date information on the science, processes, and applications in the field. A wide range of topics are covered, including optoelectronic devices, metal–semiconductor junctions, heterojunctions, MISFETs, LEDs, semiconductor lasers, photodiodes, switching diodes, tunnel diodes, Gunn diodes, solar cells, varactor diodes, IMPATT diodes, and advanced semiconductors. Detailed attention is paid to advanced and futuristic materials. In addition, clear explanations are provided of, for example, electron theories, high-field effects, the Hall effect, transit-time effects, drift and diffusion, breakdown mechanisms, equilibrium and transient conditions, switching, and biasing. The book is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate engineering students and will also be very useful for postgraduate students; it will assist in preparation for examinations at colleges and universities and for other examinations in engineering. Practice questions are therefore presented in both essay and multiple choice format, and many solved examples and unsolved problems are included.
Download or read book Photonic Signal Processing written by Le Nguyen Binh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential of photonic signal processing (PSP) to overcome electronic limits for processing ultra-wideband signals, provide signal conditioning that can be integrated in line with fiber optic systems, and improve signal quality makes this technology extremely attractive for improvement in receiver sensitivity performance. Spanning the current transitional period, Photonic Signal Processing: Techniques and Applications addresses the merging techniques of processing and manipulating signals propagating in the optical domain. The book begins with a historical perspective of PSP and introduces photonic components essential for photonic processing systems, such as optical amplification devices, optical fibers, and optical modulators. The author demonstrates the representation of photonic circuits via a signal flow graph technique adapted for photonic domain. He describes photonic signal processors, such as differentiators and integrators, and their applications for the generation of solitons, and then covers the application of these solitons in optically amplified fiber transmission systems. The book illustrates the compensation dispersion using a photonic processor, the design of optical filters using photonic processor techniques, and the filtering of microwave signals in the optical domain. Exploring methods for the processing of signals in the optical domain, the book includes solutions to photonic circuits that use signal flow techniques and significant applications in short pulse generation, the filtering of signals, differentiation, and the integration of signals. It delineates fundamental techniques on the processing of signals in the optical domain as well as their applications that lead to advanced aspects of performing generation of short pulses, integration, differentiation, and filtering for optical communications systems and networks and processing of ultra-high speed signals.
Download or read book Micromachining written by Zdravko Stanimirović and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To present their work in the field of micromachining, researchers from distant parts of the world have joined their efforts and contributed their ideas according to their interest and engagement. Their articles will give you the opportunity to understand the concepts of micromachining of advanced materials. Surface texturing using pico- and femto-second laser micromachining is presented, as well as the silicon-based micromachining process for flexible electronics. You can learn about the CMOS compatible wet bulk micromachining process for MEMS applications and the physical process and plasma parameters in a radio frequency hybrid plasma system for thin-film production with ion assistance. Last but not least, study on the specific coefficient in the micromachining process and multiscale simulation of influence of surface defects on nanoindentation using quasi-continuum method provides us with an insight in modelling and the simulation of micromachining processes. The editors hope that this book will allow both professionals and readers not involved in the immediate field to understand and enjoy the topic.
