Download or read book A Study of Pollutant and Bacterial Transport Through Porous Media for In situ Bioremediation Applications written by Aditya Veer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are considered to be priority pollutants by USEPA and other agencies. Their accumulation in groundwater and subsurface environment has necessitated development of treatment methods to control their bioaccumulation in the living environment. Ex-situ techniques have been tried for decades to treat the pollutants, but they are cost-prohibitive and tedious. In-situ techniques offer potential advantages to this cause. The in-situ techniques designed currently lack a comprehensive understanding of transport processes occurring in subsurface soil region. Understanding the same will allow us to engineer an effective design to treat hydrophobic organic contaminants. Their special properties need modelling studies to correlate their behaviour with conservative solutes. This will enable us to optimise the infiltration rate and remediation volume and geometry for specific regions. Naturally occurring and genetically modified bacteria are capable of degrading highly recalcitrant compounds. But the hydrophobic nature of the contaminants makes it necessary to use special delivery mechanisms to facilitate the interaction between the two. Surfactant and microbubble suspensions are favoured due to the improved flow properties observed. This study attempts to explore and identify key components that determine the transport behaviour of contaminants and bacteria in porous media, in order to increase our understanding of the underlying processes. Foam transport forms an important aspect in this study. Foam is a favourable medium for transport as it provides simultaneous bioaugmentation and biostimulation. The transport parameters need to be characterised to optimise our treatment systems. This area has been identified as the knowledge gap which we try to close in. This study also introduces novel in-situ measurement technique for monitoring bacterial population without the need for invasive sampling techniques. The study is still in its initial stages and, hence, considerable scope lays ahead to modify and improve on the current design of experimental setup and remediation strategies. However, this study provides a proof-of-concept for the operation of these innovative techniques. Bacterial transport is not studied in extensive detail due to certain limitations encountered over the course of the project.
Download or read book Transport of Bacteria in Column for in Situ Bioremediation Application written by Wei Tao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The absence of bacteria capable of degrading pollutants and the shortage of oxygen in contaminated soil have been identified as key factors that can limit the efficiency of in situ bioremediation. Inoculating contaminated soils with exogenous bacteria and oxygen purging are common approaches for stimulating in situ bioremediation. The use of surfactant and microbubble offers a way of addressing these limitations by promoting bacteria transport while at the same time providing oxygen. This study investigates the effect of surfactant solution and surfactant microbubble on bacteria transport in sand columns with the aim of understanding the factors and mechanisms that affect bacteria transport in soil. This study also introduces an innovative measurement probe, the optrode, for in situ monitoring of bacteria distribution. Rhamnolipid and tergitol were used as surfactant in this study, and Pseudomonas putida (a hydrophilic bacterium) and Rhodococcus erythropolis (a hydrophobic bacterium) were the chosen bacteria. The different types of surfactant altered bacterial hydrophobicity to differing extents but had an equivalent effect on the hydrophobicity of sand particles. In the presence of surfactant solution, a higher proportion of hydrophilic P. putida (76.7%) was eluted out of the column compared to the hydrophobic R. erythropolis (60.3%). Both rhamnolipid and tergitol enhanced the transport of both bacterial strains. However, the larger enhancement in bacteria transport observed for rhamnolipid was attributed to increased Lifshitz-van der Waals and acid-base (LW-AB) interaction energies between bacteria and sand particles. A continuous supply of microbubbles was found able to transport bacteria into the soil using a smaller amount of surfactant. In comparison to a propeller mixer, microbubbles generated by a flat spinning disc mixer were more stable and could elute a greater proportion of bacteria. Microbubbles of rhamnolipid eluted a greater percentage of the injected bacteria compared to tergitol, because rhamnolipid microbubbles showed more stability and higher affinity for bacteria. Hydrophilic P. putida was more likely to be transported with microbubble than hydrophobic R. erythropolis due to the favourable adhesion of hydrophobic R. erythropolis to sand particles. Bacterial transport increased considerably in porous media with higher porosity. Bacteria transport in columns was monitored using both ex situ measurement with a microplate photometer and in situ measurement with the optrode. The optrode measurement demonstrated that sample collection, which is necessary for measurement with conventional ex situ approaches, could affect the local bacterial transport in sand columns. In columns with ex situ sampling, optrode measurements differed from the ex situ concentrations, with the breakthrough curves for optrode showing smaller bacterial concentrations and a larger lag than those obtained via ex situ measurements. However, when the optrode and ex situ measurements were conducted in independent columns, their concentrations and breakthrough curves were almost identical. The transport parameters obtained by fitting the breakthrough curves showed that estimates from the optrode data were more consistent with less error. This study provides very useful information on bacteria transport with surfactant solutions and microbubbles in sand columns simulating soil environment. It has demonstrated that optimizing parameters including surfactant type and form, and bacteria strain can contribute to enhanced bacteria transport when surfactant solution and microbubble are used as the bacteria carrier during soil bioremediation. This study also validates the operation of an innovative technique, the optrode, for real time monitoring of bacteria transport without the need to take bacterial samples.
Download or read book Groundwater and Subsurface Remediation written by Helmut Kobus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex topic of in-situ subsurface remediation technologies has been ad dressed at an international symposium at the Universitat Stuttgart on September 26 and 27, 1995, on the occasion of the inauguration of the research facility VEGAS (Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung). The results are contained in this book with 22 contributions from leading experts in the field from Europe and North America. The book illustrates the role of large-scale experiments in groundwater and subsurface remediation research. The subtopics address the various links between conventional laboratory experiments, technology-scale experiments and field-site studies, showing the contribution of large-scale experiments to bridging the gap between small-scale investigations and large-scale field investigations (upscaling). The interdisciplinary nature of the problems requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the idea has been followed to bring together the various disciplines in volved in the different aspects and facets of subsurface flow, transport and trans as hydraulics and hydrology, physics, formation, involving such diverse disciplines chemistry, microbiology, geology, industrial, chemical and hydraulic engineering, mathematics and hydroinformatics. The individual contributions from these di versified fields address the subject from different angles in an attempt to form a coherent picture of the various aspects of the complex problems of subsurface remediation. The focus is on research approaches and strategies with respect to the development of new and improved technologies and to the role of large-scale experiments in research and application.
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ bioremediationâ€"the use of microorganisms for on-site removal of contaminantsâ€"is potentially cheaper, faster, and safer than conventional cleanup methods. But in situ bioremediation is also clouded in uncertainty, controversy, and mistrust. This volume from the National Research Council provides direction for decisionmakers and offers detailed and readable explanations of: the processes involved in in situ bioremediation, circumstances in which it is best used, and methods of measurement, field testing, and modeling to evaluate the results of bioremediation projects. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples; they explore how in situ bioremediation works, how it has developed since its first commercial use in 1972, and what research and education efforts are recommended for the future. The volume includes a series of perspective papers. The book will be immediately useful to policymakers, regulators, bioremediation practitioners and purchasers, environmental groups, concerned citizens, faculty, and students.
Download or read book Model Systems for in Situ Bioremediation written by Belinda May Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation has emerged as a promising treatment approach for restoring contaminated environments, where microorganisms degrade organic pollutants into non-harmful end products. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a hazardous class of pollutants which have accumulated in soils as a by-product of fossil fuel use. A growing field of research is investigating ways to enhance bioremediation as strategy for removing PAHs from soil environments, where the principal limiting factors for biological degradation activity are pollutant/microbe interaction and the ability of an organism to catabolise a pollutant. A number of engineered treatment approaches aim to address these limits by improving PAH bioavailability and stimulating microbial degradation activity; such as the bioaugmentation of soils with live bacteria degrader cultures and the application of surface acting agents in liquid and microbubble form. However, progress in this field has been limited, as bioremediation processes have not been well characterised at a cellular or molecular scale. Recent advances in microbiology and genetics have allowed for the creation of fluorescent biological sensor organisms which can be engineered to produce a signal response in association with a specific cellular activity. This research presents proof of concept for application of a novel fibre optic 'Optrode' fluorescence detection system to monitor biological activity in model soil column environments. A new strain of naphthalene degrading bacteria was engineered for use in this research, from which fluorescent biosensor strains were developed using recombinant gene technology. Biosensors were detectable at levels commonly reported at bioremediation treatment sites, and were identified in model bench-scale soil columns using the Optrode system. Recent studies suggest that surfactant microbubble foams may enhance bacterial transport and pollutant availability in bioremediation scenarios, however there has been no investigation in regards to the behaviour of these substances in the soil environments. Bench scale-soil columns were developed in order to investigate and compare the fate of biosurfactant solutions, foams, biosensor bacteria and naphthalene in model subsurface environments using advection-dispersion models. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant solution was found to significantly improve hydraulic conductivity and bacterial advection in packed porous media. Naphthalene was highly immobile in surfactant solution, and model results suggest that a major aspect of naphthalene adsorption loss was due to adhesion with micellar structures in the soil column. Advection-dispersion models were used to describe the distribution of Rhamnolipid microbubble foams in soil columns, which constitutes a crucial first step in characterising the behaviour and distribution of biosurfactant microbubble foams in subsurface environments. Breakthrough models suggest that the liquid and gaseous phases of microbubble foams have different fates in the soil column, and their distribution may be better described using a two phase flow system. Best fits for advection dispersion models suggest that while solute distribution in foam is restricted to the liquid phase, bacteria interact with both the liquid and gaseous phases, so their transport through soil column environments may be enhanced even when liquid drainage occurs. This research demonstrates that a combined approach of bench-scale soil column modelling and in situ monitoring of biological activity is able to characterise real-time biodegradation processes at a fine scale. The development of a comprehensive system for investigating and optimising bioremediation is an important aspect of enhancing the progression of treatment strategies into successful field application.
Download or read book Environmental Pollutants and their Bioremediation Approaches written by Ram Naresh Bharagava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of detailed and latest knowledge on the various types of environmental pollutants released from various natural as well as anthropogenic sources, their toxicological effects in environments, humans, animals and plants as well as various bioremediation approaches for their safe disposal into the environments. In this book, an extensive focus has been made on the various types of environmental pollutants discharged from various sources, their toxicological effects in environments, humans, animals and plants as well as their biodegradation and bioremediation approaches for environmental cleanup.
Download or read book Integrative Strategies for Bioremediation of Environmental Contaminants Volume 2 written by Riti Thapar Kapoor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrative Strategies for Bioremediation of Environmental Contaminants, Volume Two: Avenues to a Cleaner Society focuses on the exploitation of various biological treatment technologies and their use to treat toxic contaminants present in industrial effluent to restore contaminated sites. The book includes coverage of combined treatments of microbes for reuse of wastewater and contaminated soil to successfully achieve eco-restoration, environment protection and sustainable development. In 14 chapters, this reference compiles current and advanced biotechnologies as well as future directions for research. This is a valuable resource for researchers in microbiology, biotechnology, environmental engineering and environmental science, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the field of applied microbiology to develop sustainable waste management. - Provides comprehensive information on state-of-art applications of biochar, microbes and their synergistic use for wastewater/industrial effluent treatment and environment protection - Summarizes current uses of biochar, microbes and dead biomass for dye decolorization, degradation, and removal of heavy metals which may play a key role in achieving a more productive and sustainable environment - Explores various aspects of biological methods for contaminant removal for better insights into basic and advanced biotechnological applications
Download or read book Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes written by Maulin P Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-14 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abundance of organic pollutants found in wastewater affect urban surface waters. Traditional wastewater management technologies focus on the removal of suspended solids, nutrients and bacteria, however, new pollutants such as synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals are often not monitored in the environment despite having the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Collectively referred to as "emerging contaminants," they are mostly derived from domestic activities and occur in trace concentrations ranging from pico to micrograms per liter. Environmental contaminants are resistant to conventional wastewater treatment processes and most of them remain unaffected, causing contamination of receiving water. This in turn leads to the need for advanced wastewater treatment processes capable of removing environmental contaminants to ensure safe fresh water sources. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the current bioremediation strategies, including their limitations, challenges and their potential application to remove environmental pollutants. It also introduces the latest trends and advances in environmental bioremediation, and presents the state-of-the-art in biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes. As such, it will appeal to researchers and policy-makers, as well as undergraduate and graduate environmental sciences students.
Download or read book Groundwater and Subsurface Remediation written by Helmut Kobus and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex topic of in-situ subsurface remediation technologies has been ad dressed at an international symposium at the Universitat Stuttgart on September 26 and 27, 1995, on the occasion of the inauguration of the research facility VEGAS (Versuchseinrichtung zur Grundwasser- und Altlastensanierung). The results are contained in this book with 22 contributions from leading experts in the field from Europe and North America. The book illustrates the role of large-scale experiments in groundwater and subsurface remediation research. The subtopics address the various links between conventional laboratory experiments, technology-scale experiments and field-site studies, showing the contribution of large-scale experiments to bridging the gap between small-scale investigations and large-scale field investigations (upscaling). The interdisciplinary nature of the problems requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the idea has been followed to bring together the various disciplines in volved in the different aspects and facets of subsurface flow, transport and trans as hydraulics and hydrology, physics, formation, involving such diverse disciplines chemistry, microbiology, geology, industrial, chemical and hydraulic engineering, mathematics and hydroinformatics. The individual contributions from these di versified fields address the subject from different angles in an attempt to form a coherent picture of the various aspects of the complex problems of subsurface remediation. The focus is on research approaches and strategies with respect to the development of new and improved technologies and to the role of large-scale experiments in research and application.
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.
Download or read book Bioremediation for Environmental Pollutants written by Inamuddin and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased industrial and agricultural activity has led to the contamination of the earth's soil and groundwater resources with hazardous chemicals. The presence of heavy metals, dyes, fluorides, dissolved solids, and many other pollutants used in industry and agriculture are responsible for hazardous levels of water pollution. The removal of these pollutants in water resources is challenging. Bioremediation is a new technique that employs living organisms, usually bacteria and fungi, to remove pollutants from soil and water, preferably in situ. This approach is more cost-effective than traditional techniques, such as incineration of soils and carbon filtration of water. It requires understanding how organisms consume and transform polluting chemicals, survive in polluted environments, and how they should be employed in the field. Bioremediation for Environmental Pollutants discusses the latest research in green chemistry and practices and principles involved in quality improvement of water by remediation. It covers different aspects of environmental problems and their remedies with up-to-date developments in the field of bioremediation of industrial/environmental pollutants. Volume 1 focuses on the bioremediation of heavy metals, pesticides, textile dyes removal, petroleum hydrocarbon, microplastics and plastics. This book is invaluable for researchers and scientists in environmental science, environmental microbiology, and waste management. It also serves as a learning resource for graduate and undergraduate students in environmental science, microbiology, limnology, freshwater ecology, and microbial biotechnology.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Pollutants in Soil and Water written by Brian S. Schepart and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1995 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproduced typescripts of 17 papers from a symposium in Fort Worth, Texas, in October 1993 discuss technical aspects of biological methods for cleaning up polluted sites. They cover the economics of bioremediation compared with other methods, the special problems associated with polynuclear aromatic
Download or read book Migrations of Fines in Porous Media written by Kartic C. Khilar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book entirely on the topic of Migration of Fine Particles in Porous Media. There are two purposes for the use of this book. First, the book is intended to serve as a comprehensive monograph for scientists and engineers concerned with problems of erosion, pollution and plugging due to migration of fines in porous media. Second, the book is recommended to be used as a reference book for courses offered at senior or graduate level on the topics of flow through porous media, soil erosion and pollution, or formation damage. The migration of fine particles in porous media is an engineering concern in oil production, soil erosion, ground water pollution and in the operation of filter beds. As a result, the topic has been studied by researchers working in a number of disciplines. These studies in different disciplines are conducted, by and large, independently and hence there is some repetition and perhaps more importantly there is a lack of uniformity and coherence. These studies, nevertheless, complement each other. To illustrate the point, consider for example the migration of fine particles induced by hydrodynamic forces.
Download or read book Reactive Transport in Porous Media written by Peter C. Lichtner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 34 of Reviews in Mineralogy focuses on methods to describe the extent and consequences of reactive flow and transport in natural subsurface systems. Since the field of reactive transport within the Earth Sciences is a highly multidisciplinary area of research, including geochemistry, geology, physics, chemistry, hydrology, and engineering, this book is an attempt to some extent bridge the gap between these different disciplines. This volume contains the contributions presented at a short course held in Golden, Colorado, October 25-27, 1996 in conjunction with the Mineralogical Society of America's (MSA) Annual Meeting with the Geological Society of America in Denver, Colorado.
Download or read book Dynamics of Coupled Contaminant and Microbial Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic microbial attachment/detachment occurs in subsurface systems in response to changing environmental conditions caused by contaminant movement and degradation. Understanding the environmental conditions and mechanisms by which anaerobic bacteria partition between aqueous and solid phases is a critical requirement for designing and evaluating in situ bioremediation efforts. This interdisciplinary research project, of which we report only the Purdue contribution, provides fundamental information on the attachment/detachment dynamics of bacteria in heterogeneous porous media. Fundamental results from the Purdue collaboration are: (a) development of a matched-index method for obtaining 3-D Lagrangian trajectories of microbial sized particles transporting within porous media or microflow cells, (b) application of advanced numerical methods to optimally design a microflow cell for studying anaerobic bacterial attachment/detachment phenomena, (c) development of two types of models for simulating bacterial movement and attachment/detachment in microflow cells and natural porous media, (d) application of stochastic analysis to upscale pore scale microbial attachment/detachment models to natural heterogeneous porous media, and (e) evaluation of the role nonlocality plays in microbial dynamics in heterogeneous porous media.
Download or read book Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination written by Gowhar Hamid Dar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for Pollution Decontamination presents techniques for the decontamination of polluted environs through potential microbes, particularly examining the benefits of its broad applicability, sustainability and eco-friendly nature. Utilizing global case studies to describe practical applications of the technology, the book offers insights into the latest research on advanced microbiological tools and techniques for the remediation of severe pollutants from the environment. Environmental researchers and environmental managers focusing on pollution and decontamination will find both key contextual information and practical details that are essential in understanding the use of microbial technology for combatting pollutants. Recent advancements in the field of NGS (next-generation sequencing) have allowed more detailed genomic, bioinformatics and metagenomic analyses of potential environmentally important microbes that have led to significant breakthroughs into key bio-degradative pathways. With the increase in human activities around the globe, toxic pollutants from multiple sources have contaminated the earth on a large number scale. - Explores advanced microbiological tools and techniques for the remediation of severe pollutants from the environment - Presents practical case studies and examples of the use of microbial technology for decontamination from across the globe - Provides insights into key elements of microbiological consortia and their role in decontamination, particularly the impact of these techniques on sustainability, ecology and economy
Download or read book Contaminant Transport and In situ Bioremediation in Porous Media written by William J. Thistleton and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
