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Book An Investigation of Late combustion Soot Burnout in a DI Diesel Engine Using Simultaneous Planar Imaging of Soot and OH Radical

Download or read book An Investigation of Late combustion Soot Burnout in a DI Diesel Engine Using Simultaneous Planar Imaging of Soot and OH Radical written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engine design continues to be driven by the need to improve performance while at the same time achieving further reductions in emissions. The development of new designs to accomplish these goals requires an understanding of how the emissions are produced in the engine. Laser-imaging diagnostics are uniquely capable of providing this information, and the understanding of diesel combustion and emissions formation has been advanced considerably in recent years by their application. However, previous studies have generally focused on the early and middle stages of diesel combustion. These previous laser-imaging studies do provide important insight into the soot formation and oxidation processes during the main combustion event. They indicate that prior to the end of injection, soot formation is initiated by fuel-rich premixed combustion (equivalence ratio> 4) near the upstream limit of the luminous portion of the reacting fuel jet. The soot is then oxidized at the diffusion flame around the periphery of the luminous plume. Under typical diesel engine conditions, the diffusion flame does not burn the remaining fuel and soot as rapidly as it is supplied, resulting in an expanding region of rich combustion products and soot. This is evident in natural emission images by the increasing size of the luminous soot cloud prior to the end of injection. Hence, the amount of soot in the combustion chamber typically increases until shortly after the end of fuel injection, at which time the main soot formation period ends and the burnout phase begins. Sampling valve and two-color pyrometry data indicate that the vast majority (more than 90%) of the soot formed is oxidized before combustion ends; however, it is generally thought that a small fraction of this soot from the main combustion zones is not consumed and is the source of tail pipe soot emissions.

Book Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics

Download or read book Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics written by Hua Zhao and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2001-01-30 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete description of instrumentation and in-cylinder measurement techniques for internal combustion engines. Written primarily for researchers and engineers involved in advanced research and development of internal combustion engines, the book provides an introduction to the instrumentation and experimental techniques, with particular emphasis on diagnostic techniques for in-cylinder measurements.

Book Quantitative Imaging Study of the Effects of Intake Air Temperature on Soot Evolution in an Optically accessible D I Diesel Engine

Download or read book Quantitative Imaging Study of the Effects of Intake Air Temperature on Soot Evolution in an Optically accessible D I Diesel Engine written by John A. Pinson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book SAE Technical Paper Series

Download or read book SAE Technical Paper Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An In cylinder Study of the Particulate NO3 Trade off in a DI Diesel Engine Draft of Final Report

Download or read book An In cylinder Study of the Particulate NO3 Trade off in a DI Diesel Engine Draft of Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the work performed during the contract period was to establish the ability to study soot and NO within the combustion chamber of a DI Diesel engine and to couple these measurements with actual exhaust emissions. This work was motivated by the need to obtain a more complete understanding of the particulate/NO{sub X} trade-off, observed in Diesel engines, to aid engine designers in meeting emissions limits. In order to achieve the desired goal, an optically accessible DI Diesel engine was designed and constructed. Also, planar imaging methods for imaging soot and NO were developed in laboratory flames and were then applied to the engine. For the study of soot, planar Mie scattering was used and a polarization ratio method was investigated to distinguish soot from fuel droplets. The Mie scattering technique proved to be well suited for the engine, and extensive results were obtained. In order to observe NO, planar laser induced fluorescence was used and it was successfully applied in the engine. In addition to these techniques, high speed combustion photography and shadowgraph photography were applied to obtain general characteristics of the combustion process. As a final diagnostic, actual engine emissions were measured. This report begins with a brief discussion of the problem under investigation and a summary of other studies of the NOx/particulate trade-off. Following these sections is a summary of the accomplishments and results from the present study. Finally, detailed results are presented through the six technical papers which were written during the contract period; these papers are appended to the report.

Book Technical Literature Abstracts

Download or read book Technical Literature Abstracts written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Proceedings of the 2001 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Diesel combustion and emissions fuel injection and sprays

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2001 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Diesel combustion and emissions fuel injection and sprays written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers

Download or read book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Investigation of Soot Processes in an Optical Diesel Engine

Download or read book Investigation of Soot Processes in an Optical Diesel Engine written by Barbara Menkiel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is dedicated to investigation of soot formed during combustion in diesel engine. Measurements were performed in a high speed direct injection optical diesel engine. Initially soot particle size, size distribution and soot volume fraction were investigated using time resolved laser induced incandescence (TR-LII) technique. For this study standard diesel fuel was used and measurements were performed for various injection timing and two different engine loads. Investigation showed that TR-LII is a powerful tool that can be used for characterization of in-cylinder soot in the engines. Subsequently TR-LII technique was developed to measure in-cylinder soot in two dimensional plane (planar laser induced incandescence PLII) and technique was combined with high speed imaging to investigate soot processes for ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and bio-fuel (RME). Two injection strategies of single and double injection were applied during these measurements. A high speed imaging technique was used to study the soot formation and oxidation during the combustion process within the cylinder and PLII was applied later in the stroke to study qualitatively the relative amount of un-oxidised soot that was left in the combustion chamber. In addition to PLII, TR-LII technique was used simultaneously to explore crank angle resolved variation of primary soot particle size and their size distribution during the expansion stroke. The same measurements were repeated for fuels with different composition investigating the relationship between the fuel properties and soot emission. Finally mathematical model for soot particle size and distribution width was modified by introducing assumption of multi-lognormal in-cylinder soot particle size distribution.

Book Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion

Download or read book Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion written by Combustion Institute (U.S.) Eastern States Section. Fall Technical Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An In Cylinder Study of Soot and NO in a DI Diesel Engine Final Report

Download or read book An In Cylinder Study of Soot and NO in a DI Diesel Engine Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clearly the reduction of NOx and particulate emissions remains a major challenge to Diesel engine manufacturers due to increasingly stringent emission standards in the US and other countries. The well documented NOx/particulate trade-off observed in Diesel engines makes the simultaneous reduction of both emissions particularly difficult for manufacturers to achieve. In an effort to provide an improved understanding of the fundamental processes which result in this trade-off, a program was carried out at Penn State to develop the appropriate engine facilities and laser diagnostics to permit in-cylinder studies of Diesel combustion and emissions production with the support of the Department of Energy Advanced Industrial Technology Division . This work has also been supported by the Cummins Engine Company, Lubrizol Corporation and the National Science Foundation. An optically accessible, direct injection, Diesel engine was constructed for these studies. The major objective of the, design of the engine was to maximize optical access under conditions representative of Diesel engine combustion in small bore, commercial engines. Intake air is preheated and boosted in pressure to make the in-cylinder conditions of heat release and pressure as realistic as possible. Another important objective of the design was flexibility in combustion chamber geometry to permit a variety of head and bowl geometries to be studied. In all the results reported in this report a square bowl was used to simplify the introduction of laser light sheets into the engine.

Book Soot and Liquid phase Fuel Distributions in a Newly Designed Optically Accessible D I Diesel Engine

Download or read book Soot and Liquid phase Fuel Distributions in a Newly Designed Optically Accessible D I Diesel Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-dimensional (2-D) laser-sheet imaging has been used to examine the soot and liquid-phase fuel distributions in a newly designed, optically accessible, direct-injection Diesel engine of the heavy-duty size class. The design of this engine preserves the intake port geometry and basic dimensions of a Cummins N-series production engine. It also includes several unique features to provide considerable optical access. Liquid-phase fuel and soot distribution studies were conducted at a medium speed (1,200 rpm) using a Cummins closed-nozzle fuel injector. The scattering was used to obtain planar images of the liquid-phase fuel distribution. These images show that the leading edge of the liquid-phase portion of the fuel jet reaches a maximum length of 24 mm, which is about half the combustion bowl radius for this engine. Beyond this point virtually all the fuel has vaporized. Soot distribution measurements were made at a high load condition using three imaging diagnostics: natural flame luminosity, 2-D laser-induced incandescence, and 2-D elastic scattering. This investigation showed that the soot distribution in the combusting fuel jet develops through three stages. First, just after the onset of luminous combustion, soot particles are small and nearly uniformly distributed throughout the luminous region of the fuel jet. Second, after about 2 crank angle degrees a pattern develops of a higher soot concentration of larger sized particles in the head vortex region of the jet and a lower soot concentration of smaller sized particles upstream toward the injector. Third, after fuel injection ends, both the soot concentration and soot particle size increase rapidly in the upstream portion of the fuel jet.