Download or read book A Study of Injection Locking in Optoelectronic Oscillator written by Prarthana Prakasha and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The random fluctuations of signal phase of an oscillator limit the precision of time and frequency measurements. The noise and long-term stability of the system's oscillator or clock is of major importance in applications such as optical and wireless communications, high-speed digital electronics, radar, and astronomy. The Optoelectronic Oscillator (OE Oscillator), a new class of time delay oscillator with promise as a low-phase noise source of microwave carriers, was introduced by Steve Yao and Lute Malek in 1996. The OE Oscillator combines into a closed loop an RF photonic link and an RF chain. The RF photonic link consists of a laser, electro-optic modulator, optical fibre delay line, and a photo-receiver that together provide an RF delay. An RF chain consists of one or more amplifiers and a RF resonator that together provide the sustaining amplification and the frequency selectivity necessary for single mode oscillation of the loop. The low loss of optical fibres enables the attainment of delays that correspond to optical fibre lengths of several kilometers. It is the long delay, unattainable in an all electronic implementations that is responsible for the superior phase noise performance of an OE Oscillator. In this thesis the fundamental principles of operation of an OE Oscillator are described and the principal sources of in-loop phase fluctuations that are responsible for phase-noise identified. This lays the ground for an exposition of the mechanism that describes the perturbation of a time delay oscillator by injection into the loop of a carrier that is detuned in frequency from the natural frequency of the oscillator. For sufficiently small detuning the oscillator can become phase locked to the injected carrier. The model presented in the thesis generalises the traditional Yao-Maleki and Leeson model to include all the important features that describe the injection locking dynamics of an OE Oscillator. In particular the common assumptions of single mode oscillation and weak injection are removed. This is important to correctly predict the effect of injection locking on the spurious peaks in the phase noise spectrum corresponding to the side-modes of a time delay oscillator. Simulation results are presented in order to validate the dynamics of the oscillator under injection and analytic results on the lock-in range and phase noise spectrum. A 10 GHz OE Oscillator with a single 5km delay line is used as an example in the simulation illustration.

Download or read book Study of Dual Injection Locked Optoelectronic Oscillators written by Olukayode Okusaga and published by . This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low phase noise oscillators are critical components in several radio frequency (RF) applications. Low phase noise RF oscillators are used as frequency standards or clocks in: Doppler radar, free space and fiber-based telecommunications systems, global positioning systems and secure communications protocols. In all such applications, the oscillators must provide electromagnetic signals at a specified frequency. Such oscillators must have low phase noise as random deviations from the nominal phase rotation reduce their effectiveness as frequency standards or clocks. Furthermore, because these oscillators are used as frequency standards, they must not generate electromagnetic signals at any frequencies other than the nominal oscillating frequency. Signals at unwanted frequencies are referred to as spurious modes. Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) have proven to be promising sources of low phase noise radio frequency signals. The OEO is a ring oscillator with both optical and electrical paths. The OEO uses an optical fiber spool as an in-loop cavity to generate a time delay in an RF signal superimposed on a continuous wave optical beam. The low loss per unit length of optical fiber means that it can be used to generate very long delays. These long delays result in spectrally-narrow oscillating modes with low phase noise. However, long delays also lead to oscillator modes that are too narrowly spaced to be filtered by conventional RF filters. The dual injection-locked optoelectronic oscillator (DIL-OEO) has been proposed as a means to suppress spurious OEO modes. The DIL-OEO works by injection-locking a high-Q multi-mode "master" OEO to a low-Q single-mode "slave" OEO. In so doing, it is possible to generate an RF signal with both low phase noise and low spurious modes. In this work, we present a study of the injection-locking process in DIL-OEOs. We study the effects of injection-locking on both the phase noise and spurious modes of the DIL-OEO. We constructed a modular DIL-OEO which allowed us to independentally vary the injection levels and loop lengths in the DIL-OEO. Using our modular DIL-OEO, we conducted a systematic study of the effects of injection-locking parameters on the OEO's phase noise and spurious mode levels. The results of our systematic study allowed us to construct the first theoretical models describing the power spectrum of the DIL-OEO's steady-state signal. We also present theoretical models describing the dynamics of injection-locking in DIL-OEOs. Our dynamical models allow us to predict the locking bandwidth and stability of the DIL-OEO. In order to perform our experimental study, we required a measurement system capable of measuring the very low phase noise levels of our OEOs. We constructed a cross-correlation delay-line measurement system in order to measure the phase noise of our OEOs. In this work, we present a detailed description of our measurement system. We include a theoretical description of the delay-line measurement system. We also describe the experimental techniques used to calibrate, validate and optimize our measurement system. Because the DIL-OEO consists of two single-loop OEOs injection locked to each other, it was necessary to optimize each of the single-loop OEOs. In this work, we present experimental data showing the results of techniques we employed to minimize the phase noise of single-loop OEOs. Finally, guided by our experimental data and theoretical models, we constructed an optimized DIL-OEO with both low phase noise and low spurious mode levels. In this work, we present experimental data demonstrating a 60 dB reduction in the nearest neighbour spurious mode of a 4 km OEO. This...

Download or read book Microwave Photonics written by Jianping Yao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-03-08 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MICROWAVE PHOTONICS Overview of techniques in the field of microwave photonics, including recent developments in quantum microwave photonics and integrated microwave photonics Microwave Photonics offers a comprehensive overview of the microwave photonic techniques developed in the last 30 years, covering topics such as photonics generation of microwave signals, photonics processing of microwave signals, photonics distribution of microwave signals, photonic generation and distribution of UWB signals, photonics generation and processing of arbitrary microwave waveforms, photonic true time delay beamforming for phased array antennas, photonics-assisted instantaneous microwave frequency measurement, quantum microwave photonics, analog-to-digital conversion and more. The text is supported by a companion website for instructors, including learning objectives and questions/problems to further enhance student learning. Written by key researchers in the field, Microwave Photonics includes information on: Group-velocity dispersion and nonlinear effects in fibers, light coherence in light sources, phase and intensity modulators, photodetectors, and fiber Bragg gratings Injection locking, phase lock loops, external modulation, opto-electronic oscillators, and array waveguide gratings Photonic microwave delay-line filters with negative and complex coefficients and non-uniformly spaced photonic microwave delay-line filters Double- and single-sideband modulation, radio over fiber networks, and microwave photonics to coherent communication systems UWB generation, coding, and distribution over fiber, and instantaneous microwave frequency measurement via power monitoring True time delay beamforming Exploring the subject in depth, with expansive coverage of techniques developed in the last 30 years, Microwave Photonics is an essential reference for graduate students and researchers to learn microwave photonic technologies.

Download or read book Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers written by Ulrich L. Rohde and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of the leading resource on designing digital frequency synthesizers from microwave and wireless applications, fully updated to reflect the most modern integrated circuits and semiconductors Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Second Edition, remains the standard text on the subject by providing complete and up-to-date coverage of both practical and theoretical aspects of modern frequency synthesizers and their components. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this classic volume describes loop fundamentals, noise and spurious responses, special loops, loop components, multiloop synthesizers, and more. Practical synthesizer examples illustrate the design of a high-performance hybrid synthesizer and performance measurement techniques—offering readers clear instruction on the various design steps and design rules. The second edition includes extensively revised content throughout, including a modern approach to dealing with the noise and spurious response of loops and updated material on digital signal processing and architectures. Reflecting today's technology, new practical and validated examples cover a combination of analog and digital synthesizers and hybrid systems. Enhanced and expanded chapters discuss implementations of direct digital synthesis (DDS) architectures, the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), crystal and other high-Q based oscillators, arbitrary waveform generation, vector signal generation, and other current tools and techniques. Now requiring no additional literature to be useful, this comprehensive, one-stop resource: Provides a fully reviewed, updated, and enhanced presentation of microwave and wireless synthesizers Presents a clear mathematical method for designing oscillators for best noise performance at both RF and microwave frequencies Contains new illustrations, figures, diagrams, and examples Includes extensive appendices to aid in calculating phase noise in free-running oscillators, designing VHF and UHF oscillators with CAD software, using state-of-the-art synthesizer chips, and generating millimeter wave frequencies using the delay line principle Containing numerous designs of proven circuits and more than 500 relevant citations from scientific journal and papers, Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Second Edition, is a must-have reference for engineers working in the field of radio communication, and the perfect textbook for advanced electrical engineering students.

Download or read book Study of Injection Locked Oscillators and Design of a 5 8GHz Oscillator written by Ming Leong Lee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of Modern RF Photonics written by Preetpaul Singh Devgan and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique new resource presents applications of modern RF photonic systems that use RF photonic components for commonly used signal processing systems. This book provides insight into how a variety of systems work together, including RF down conversion, analog to digital conversion, RF oscillators, and frequency identification. A comparison of analog versus digital systems is presented. Readers find in-depth coverage of analog delay lines using RF photonics, various system architectures, and details about RF photonic component performance. Signal processing utilizing RF photonics and the need for down conversion is discussed. The many advancements in analog delay line performance are explained, including those in photodetector, optical fibers, and optical and amplifier modulators. The book highlights the advantages of using oscillators utilizing RF photonics and explores the elements of phase noise, timing jitter, and optoelectronic oscillators. The benefits of signal identification, isolation, and separation of RF photonics are identified. Professionals are brought up to speed on RF frequency identification using optical injection locking. The book provides discussions on the fundamentals and advancements in integrated RF photonics and explains how to design an RF photonic downconverter. It covers additional applications of integrated photonic circuits and gives an explanation of why to use different modulation formats for different applications.

Download or read book Injection Locking in Mixed Mode Signal Processing written by Fei Yuan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a comprehensive treatment of the principles, circuit design techniques, and applications of injection-locking in mixed-mode signal processing, with an emphasis on CMOS implementation. Major topics include: An overview of injection-locking, the principle of injection-locking in harmonic and non-harmonic oscillators, lock range enhancement techniques for harmonic oscillators, lock range enhancement techniques for non-harmonic oscillators, and the emerging applications of injection-locking in mixed-mode signal processing. Provides a single-source reference to the principles, circuit design techniques, and applications of injection-locking in mixed-mode signal processing; Includes a rich collection of design techniques for increasing the lock range of oscillators under injection, along with in-depth examination of the pros and cons of these methods; Enables a broad range of applications, such as passive wireless microsystems, forwarded-clock parallel data links, frequency synthesizers for wireless and wireline communications, and low phase noise phase-locked loops.

Download or read book Laser Optoelectronic Oscillators written by Alexander A. Bortsov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigation of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with direct and external modulation of laser emission. Such devices, sources of precision radio frequency oscillations using laser excitation, are novel and technologically relevant, with manifold possible applications. The book includes a review of the present state of the theory and generation techniques in microwave and mm-wave ranges for traditional and optoelectronic oscillators, description of OEO construction and operation principles, theoretical oscillation analysis and mathematical description of the relevant semi-classical laser physics, and investigation of the power spectral density of noises. Technical features and advantages of OEOs with external and direct modulation of laser emission are discussed together with functional diagrams. The characteristics of OEOs are compared with other traditional RF oscillators, such as quartz, surface acoustic waves, and oscillators with electromagnetic wave cavities. Special attention is paid to Q-factors and phase noises of RF carriers at small offsets. The authors discuss the technical characteristics of modern optoelectronic methods for precision RF oscillation formation, such as commercial large-dimension and compact quantum frequency standards with optical pumping on cesium and rubidium cells. This book is aimed at scientists and engineers in academia and industry who work with sources of microwave and mm-wave signals.

Download or read book An Optical Grooming Switch for High speed Traffic Aggregation in Time Space and Wavelength written by Philipp Vorreau and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book a novel optical switch is designed, developed, and tested. The switch integrates optical switching, transparent traffic aggregation/grooming, and optical regener-ation. Innovative switch subsystems are developed that enable these functionalities, including all-optical OTDM-to-WDM converters. High capacity ring interconnection between metro-core rings, carrying 130 Gbit/s OTDM traffic, and metro-access rings carring 43 Gbit/s WDM traffic is experimentally demonstrated. The developed switch features flexibility in bandwidth provisioning, scalability to higher traffic volumes, and backward compatibility with existing network implementations in a future-proof way.

Download or read book A LF Study of Injection Locking in Pulsed Oscillators written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ICECS 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Analytical and Experimental Study of Injection locked Two port Oscillators written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VA written by Ivan Kaminow and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Fiber Telecommunications V (A&B) is the fifth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the research and development of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition not only brings a fresh look to many essential topics but also focuses on network management and services. Using high bandwidth in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications is a central theme. This book is ideal for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and the investment community. Volume (A) is devoted to components and subsystems, including: semiconductor lasers, modulators, photodetectors, integrated photonic circuits, photonic crystals, specialty fibers, polarization-mode dispersion, electronic signal processing, MEMS, nonlinear optical signal processing, and quantum information technologies. Volume (B) is devoted to systems and networks, including: advanced modulation formats, coherent systems, time-multiplexed systems, performance monitoring, reconfigurable add-drop multiplexers, Ethernet technologies, broadband access and services, metro networks, long-haul transmission, optical switching, microwave photonics, computer interconnections, and simulation tools. Biographical Sketches Ivan Kaminow retired from Bell Labs in 1996 after a 42-year career. He conducted seminal studies on electrooptic modulators and materials, Raman scattering in ferroelectrics, integrated optics, semiconductor lasers (DBR , ridge-waveguide InGaAsP and multi-frequency), birefringent optical fibers, and WDM networks. Later, he led research on WDM components (EDFAs, AWGs and fiber Fabry-Perot Filters), and on WDM local and wide area networks. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the IEEE/OSA John Tyndall, OSA Charles Townes and IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Awards. Since 2004, he has been Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Tingye Li retired from AT&T in 1998 after a 41-year career at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs. His seminal work on laser resonator modes is considered a classic. Since the late 1960s, He and his groups have conducted pioneering studies on lightwave technologies and systems. He led the work on amplified WDM transmission systems and championed their deployment for upgrading network capacity. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is a recipient of the IEEE David Sarnoff Award, IEEE/OSA John Tyndall Award, OSA Ives Medal/Quinn Endowment, AT&T Science and Technology Medal, and IEEE Photonics Award. Alan Willner has worked at AT&T Bell Labs and Bellcore, and he is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He received the NSF Presidential Faculty Fellows Award from the White House, Packard Foundation Fellowship, NSF National Young Investigator Award, Fulbright Foundation Senior Scholar, IEEE LEOS Distinguished Lecturer, and USC University-Wide Award for Excellence in Teaching. He is a Fellow of IEEE and OSA, and he has been President of the IEEE LEOS, Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technology, Editor-in-Chief of Optics Letters, Co-Chair of the OSA Science & Engineering Council, and General Co-Chair of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. For nearly three decades, the OFT series has served as the comprehensive primary resource covering progress in the science and technology of optical fiber telecom. It has been essential for the bookshelves of scientists and engineers active in the field. OFT V provides updates on considerable progress in established disciplines, as well as introductions to new topics. [OFT V]... generates a value that is even higher than that of the sum of its chapters.

Download or read book A Unified Approach to the Analysis of Oscillator Noise and Injection Locking written by Tim Hillstrom and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PHASELOCK TECHNIQUES 1966 REPR 1967 written by Floyd Martin Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Horizons in Millimeter Wave Infrared and Terahertz Technologies written by Aritra Acharyya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent and upcoming technological advancements in millimeter-wave (mm-wave), infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) frequency spectrums. The scope of this book includes a significantly long portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, starting from the mm-waves (i.e. 30 GHz) and extended up to the end of the near-IR spectrum (i.e. 450 THz). Most significant aspect of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is that it includes a frequency regime where the gradual technological transition from electronics to photonics occurred. The book especially focuses on the recent advancements and several research issues related to materials, sources, detectors, passive circuits, advanced signal processing and image processing algorithms for mm-wave, IR and THz frequency bands. The book covers a very wide range of readers from basic science to technological experts as well as research scholars.

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VA written by Tingye Li and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Fiber Telecommunications V (A&B) is the fifth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the research and development of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition not only brings a fresh look to many essential topics but also focuses on network management and services. Using high bandwidth in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications is a central theme. This book is ideal for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and the investment community. Volume (A) is devoted to components and subsystems, including: semiconductor lasers, modulators, photodetectors, integrated photonic circuits, photonic crystals, specialty fibers, polarization-mode dispersion, electronic signal processing, MEMS, nonlinear optical signal processing, and quantum information technologies. Volume (B) is devoted to systems and networks, including: advanced modulation formats, coherent systems, time-multiplexed systems, performance monitoring, reconfigurable add-drop multiplexers, Ethernet technologies, broadband access and services, metro networks, long-haul transmission, optical switching, microwave photonics, computer interconnections, and simulation tools. Biographical Sketches Ivan Kaminow retired from Bell Labs in 1996 after a 42-year career. He conducted seminal studies on electrooptic modulators and materials, Raman scattering in ferroelectrics, integrated optics, semiconductor lasers (DBR , ridge-waveguide InGaAsP and multi-frequency), birefringent optical fibers, and WDM networks. Later, he led research on WDM components (EDFAs, AWGs and fiber Fabry-Perot Filters), and on WDM local and wide area networks. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the IEEE/OSA John Tyndall, OSA Charles Townes and IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Awards. Since 2004, he has been Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Tingye Li retired from AT&T in 1998 after a 41-year career at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs. His seminal work on laser resonator modes is considered a classic. Since the late 1960s, He and his groups have conducted pioneering studies on lightwave technologies and systems. He led the work on amplified WDM transmission systems and championed their deployment for upgrading network capacity. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is a recipient of the IEEE David Sarnoff Award, IEEE/OSA John Tyndall Award, OSA Ives Medal/Quinn Endowment, AT&T Science and Technology Medal, and IEEE Photonics Award. Alan Willner has worked at AT&T Bell Labs and Bellcore, and he is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He received the NSF Presidential Faculty Fellows Award from the White House, Packard Foundation Fellowship, NSF National Young Investigator Award, Fulbright Foundation Senior Scholar, IEEE LEOS Distinguished Lecturer, and USC University-Wide Award for Excellence in Teaching. He is a Fellow of IEEE and OSA, and he has been President of the IEEE LEOS, Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technology, Editor-in-Chief of Optics Letters, Co-Chair of the OSA Science & Engineering Council, and General Co-Chair of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.