Download or read book A Study of Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Soil and Vegetables written by Shashank Sharma and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution of soil, plants and deposits around highways endanger urban environment through heavy metals as the byproducts of vehicles and urban industries along with other pollutants.Due to a slow traffic movement and long stops, tires undergo comparatively more abrasion due to repeated brakes and this intensifies, zinc discharge and lead releases from automobile fuels, all of which are being factors that increase the metal contents of runoffs of roads.The transport pathways and effects of these heavy metals depend on arrange of physical and chemical properties including pollutant concentration, the size spectrum of heavy metal containing particles and the chemical form in which the metals occur.In the present study we have seen the effects of heavy metals on roadside soil quality and plant nutrition in Agra District (The City of TAJ MAHAL). The values of the heavy metals have been compared with results found by other investigators in various countries worldwide.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a description of the various sources and factors influencing the contents of heavy metal pollution in post-catastrophic and agricultural soils, subsequent chapters examine soil enzymes and eggs as bio-monitors, lead adsorption, the effects of arsenic on microbial diversity, and the effects of Mediterranean grasslands on abandoned mines. A third section focuses on the adaptation strategies used by plants and bacteria, such as Pinus sylvestris in industrial areas, and the rhizosphere in contaminated tropical soils and soil treated with sewage sludge. Further topics addressed include strategies of bioremediation, e.g. using transgenic plants as tools for soil remediation. This new volume on heavy metals in soil will be of interest to researchers and scholars in microbial and plant biotechnology, agriculture, the environmental sciences and soil ecology.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil written by Elham Asrari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Although adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some areas. Remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and water is necessary to reduce the associated health and ecological risks, make the land resource
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Terrestrial Ecosystems written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Their Toxic Effects on Human Health written by Garima Awasthi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetables are a prevalent nutrition for people all over the world because they are high in important nutrients, antioxidants, and metabolites that function as buffers for acidic compounds created during digestion. Vegetables, on the other hand, absorbed both vital and poisonous substances through the soil. Possible human health concerns, including as cancer and renal damage, have been linked to the consumption of heavy metal-contaminated vegetables (HMs). Heavy metals like Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg were found in high concentrations in popular vegetables such as Amaranthus tricolour L., Chenopodium album L., Spinacia oleracea, Coriandrum sativum, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum melongena. The toxicity, fortification, health hazard, and heavy metals sources grown in soil are detailed in this review study.
Download or read book Soil Contamination written by Marcelo L. Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, Soil Contamination - Threats and Sustainable Solutions, is intended to provide an update on different aspects of soil contamination exerted by a multiplicity of exogenous and endogenous causes. We hope that this book will continue to increase information from diverse sources and to give some real-life examples, extending the appreciation of the complexity of this subject in a way that may stimulate new approaches in relevant fields.
Download or read book Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants written by N. W. Lepp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace metals occur as natural constituents of the earth's crust, and are ever present constituents of soils, natural waters and living matter. The biological significance of this disparate assemblage of elements has gradually been uncovered during the twentieth century; the resultant picture is one of ever-increasing complexity. Several of these elements have been demonstrated to be essential to the functions of living organisms, others appear to only interact with living matter in a toxic manner, whilst an ever-decreasing number do not fall conveniently into either category. When the interactions between trace metals and plants are considered, one must take full account of the known chemical properties of each element. Consideration must be given to differences in chemical reactivity, solubility and to interactions with other inorganic and organic molecules. A clear understanding of the basic chemical properties of an element of interest is an essential pre-requisite to any subsequent consideration of its biological significance. Due consideration to basic chemical considerations is a theme which runs through the collection of chapters in both volumes.
Download or read book Cities Farming for the Future written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination and Remediation of Water and Soil with Case Studies From Cyprus written by Mustafa Ertan Ak√on and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the heavy metals, (arsenic, cadmium, chromium and nickel) tend to endanger public health, when found above critical limits in soil and water, becoming carcinogenic. The heavy metals are taken by humans through the food chain. As shown by numerous researchers all over the world, the heavy metal contamination mostly come from sewage waters and pesticides, as well as naturally. The natural resources come from the composition of the rock formations present at the area of study. One or all of the above mentioned sources of heavy metal contamination may be present. The study concentrates on the internationally accepted critical limits for soil and water, explains scientific methods of entering into vegetables and fruit, and also tries to shed light on the transfer factors of heavy metals imposing dangers on public health. Remediation of the contaminated soil and water is also discussed, and phytoremediation methods are brought forward, as compared with chemical methods. Details of different phytoremediation (phyto-accumulation, phyto-stabilization, phyto-degradation, phyto-volatilization, and hydraulic control) are also discussed. Actual case studies from North Cyprus are also provided, with real contamination levels observed. Different areas and soil/water/plant species were assessed in detail, displaying concentrations, critical limits, transfer factors, and recommendations.
Download or read book Uptake of Heavy Metals by Vegetable Plants Grown on Contaminated Soils Their Bioavailability and Speciation written by Marisa Intawongse and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research aimed to investigate the bioavailability of 9 metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb) to vegetable crops (spinach, lettuce, carrot and radish) cultivated in compost soils at different levels of metal contamination. The uptake and accumulation of these metals by the plants were examined. The elemental speciation using SEC-UV-ICP-MS and Nanospray Mass Spectrometry had been performed to characterize the metal containing species induced in the plants exposed to metal stress. In order to evaluate potential health risks arising from ingestion of the metal contaminated plants, the oral bioaccessibility i.e. the use of an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) simulating the transition of the metal pollutants in the plants into the human gastrointestinal system was undertaken. It was found that, with the exception of Cr, metal concentrations (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Cd) in lettuce, spinach, carrot and radish depended on the concentrations of the total metal in the soils in which the plants were grown. For Pb, the amounts accumulated in the leafy vegetables also depended on their levels of contamination in the soils while the root vegetables had rather low uptake and the uptake levels did not increase when higher levels of contamination were applied. Mn, Fe and Zn were relatively easily mobilised from soils to plants; they tended to accumulate in all plants studied at high concentrations. The elements which were more enriched in leaves included Mn and Zn (in all plant types), and Fe and Cd (only in the root vegetables). In contrast, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo and Pb were accumulated more in roots of the leafy vegetables. Among all plants studied, it was observed that carrot had low uptake for all elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd and Pb), except for Mn, Fe, Zn which were found in all plants. The metal mobilised from soil to plant as indicated by the metal contents accumulated in the plants decreased in the order Mn” Zn> Fe> Cu> Mo> Ni> Cd> Pb Cr. The metal bioavailability to plants was assessed by measuring transfer factor (TF) values of the metals based on total metal contents in the soils. It was found that the order of TF values was Mn> Zn” Cd> Ni> Cu> Mo Pb> Cr Fe. The mean TF values of each element irrespective of plant types were 1.93, 1.77, 0.485, 0.194, 0.111, 0.052, 0.045, 0.037 and 0.036 for Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pb, Cr, and Fe, respectively. Hence, Mn and Zn were most bioavailable to plants i.e. they can be transferred from soils to plants more easily than Ni, Cu, Mo, Pb, Cr and Fe. Whereas, the bioavailability of Cd was relatively moderate. In addition, the results enabled the development of statistical regression models that are suited to predict metal uptake by plants. It indicated that the relationship between the TF values and the extractable soil metals followed the power regression curve. However, there were some cases in which it did not follow the power regression curve but a linear model, these are; Mn (for carrot leaves and radish roots), Mo (for spinach roots and carrot roots), and Cd (for lettuce leaves, spinach roots and leaves and carrot roots). In the multi-elemental speciation study, it was found that a common association of the metals (Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn) to the high molecular weight (MW) fractions (8160 Da) was observed in all plant extracts. The lower MW fractions of approximately 1000? 3000 Da of Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn containing compounds were found to be present in all plant extracts. Iron was not detected in the roots of carrot and radish, but present as both high MW (8200 Da) and low MW (2500 Da) compounds in the leaves of spinach and lettuce. To characterize the individual metal containing species present in the plant samples, the Nanospray Mass Spectrometry was employed. Unfortunately, no evidence from this analysis can confirm that these compounds are related to the phytochelatin family. The PBET (Physiologically-Based Extraction Test) results indicated that the Cr and Pb bioaccessibility of the plant samples were similar in the gastric phase i.e. relatively low amounts of the metals were extracted in all plants. Whereas, there was greater bioaccesibility for both Cr and Pb in the intestinal extraction. For Fe, the high content was dissolved in the gastric and intestinal phases for carrot and radish, while there were slightly smaller amounts found in lettuce and spinach. Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo and Cd had similar bioaccessibility i.e. most of the metal contents were dissolved in the gastric and intestinal phase for every vegetable plant studied and this indicates the potential for absorption.
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils written by Brian J. Alloway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the book has been completely re-written, providing a wider scope and enhanced coverage. It covers the general principles of the natural occurrence, pollution sources, chemical analysis, soil chemical behaviour and soil-plant-animal relationships of heavy metals and metalloids, followed by a detailed coverage of 21 individual elements, including: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, tin, tungsten, uranium, vanadium and zinc. The book is highly relevant for those involved in environmental science, soil science, geochemistry, agronomy, environmental health, and environmental engineering, including specialists responsible for the management and clean-up of contaminated land.
Download or read book Growing Greens and Soiled Soil written by Jennifer Gorospe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As urban dwellers prioritize eating locally grown foods to reduce environmental impacts, benefit the local economy, and bring fresh produce to the table, urban gardening has emerged as a popular approach to improving food security. Researchers have shown previously that urban landscapes can accumulate environmental toxins at levels that may be unsafe for human health, with socioeconomically disadvantaged communities often shouldering an unequal burden of exposure. In order to identify and predict likely risk to gardeners, in this study, soil samples from 91 vegetable gardens in the city of San Francisco were analyzed for 16 heavy metals. A majority of the gardens exceeded the California Human Health Screening Level for arsenic (74%), cadmium (84%), and lead (62%), including nine gardens with lead levels above the hazardous toxic waste threshold for California. Cadmium and lead concentrations increased with home age, suggesting that older house paint is a major source of these metals. Contrary to findings in many other cities, the majority of gardens with hazardous lead levels in San Francisco were located in higher income and predominantly White neighborhoods, with no associations found with existing industrial contamination. Encouragingly, community gardens and raised beds had significantly lower average metal concentrations than backyard and in-ground gardens, respectively. Overall, the goal of this study is to illustrate the importance of providing access to soil testing and related education in order to support urban gardeners in their efforts to grow and consume healthy produce.
Download or read book Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies written by Yong Sik Ok and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers various soil and water treatment technologies due to increasing global soil and water pollution. In many countries, the management of contaminated land has matured, and it is developing in many others. Topics covered include chemical and ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites; phytomanagement of contaminants; arsenic removal; selection and technology diffusion; technologies and socio-environmental management; post-remediation long-term management; soil and groundwater laws and regulations; and trace element regulation limits in soil. Future prospects of soil and groundwater remediation are critically discussed in this book. Hence, readers will learn to understand the future prospects of soil and groundwater contaminants and remediation measures. Key Features: Discusses conventional and novel aspects of soil and groundwater remediation technologies Includes new monitoring/sensing technologies for soil and groundwater pollution Features a case study of remediation of contaminated sites in the old, industrial, Ruhr area in Germany Highlights soil washing, soil flushing, and stabilization/solidification Presents information on emerging contaminants that exhibit new challenges This book is designed for undergraduate and graduate courses and can be used as a handbook for researchers, policy makers, and local governmental institutes. Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies: A Practical Guide is written by a team of leading global experts in the field.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil written by Iqbal Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date treatise on the impact of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils primarily resulting from long-term application of wastewater, industrial effluents and sewage sludge, and atmospheric deposition. It addresses soil health, soil-microbe interactions, heavy metal accumulation in soil, behavior of metals in soil and bioremediation besides other pertinent topics.
Download or read book Soil Heavy Metals written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land.
Download or read book Metals in Soil written by Zinnat Ara Begum and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-03-20 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthropogenic input of metals into the atmosphere is estimated to be one-to-three orders of magnitude higher than natural fluxes. Soil acts as the primary sink for anthropogenic metals among the environmental spheres. Most metals show indefinite persistence in the ecosphere due to resistance against microbial or chemical-assisted degradation. This edited book is an attempt to compile reviews and case studies from different researchers focusing on different aspects of soil contamination by metals and its subsequent remediation. The book's contents will be useful for researchers and strategists interested in the environmental aspects of soil contamination.
Download or read book Metal Transporters written by Jose M. Arguello and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on metal transmembrane transporters and pumps, a recently discovered family of membrane proteins with many important roles in the physiology of living organisms. The book summarizes the most recent advances in the field of metal ion transport and provides a broad overview of the major classes of transporters involved in homeostasis of heavy metals. Various families of the transporters and metal specificities are discussed with the focus on the structural and mechanistic aspects of their function and regulation. The reader will access information obtained through a variety of approaches ranging from X-ray crystallography to cell biology and bioinformatics, which have been applied to transporters identified in diverse biological systems, such as pathogenic bacteria, plants, humans and others. Field is cutting-edge and a lot of the information is new to research community Wide breadth of topic coverage Contributors of high renown and expertise
