Download or read book A Study of Dynamics in Microscopic Systems Using Optical Tweezers written by Thomas James Smart and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Philip H. Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers, combining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach.
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Philip H. Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach, this text provides a detailed and complete guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers. In-depth derivation of the theory of optical trapping and numerical modelling of optical forces are supported by a complete step-by-step design and construction guide for building optical tweezers, with detailed tutorials on collecting and analysing data. Also included are comprehensive reviews of optical tweezers research in fields ranging from cell biology to quantum physics. Featuring numerous exercises and problems throughout, this is an ideal self-contained learning package for advanced lecture and laboratory courses, and an invaluable guide to practitioners wanting to enter the field of optical manipulation. The text is supplemented by www.opticaltweezers.org, a forum for discussion and a source of additional material including free-to-download, customisable research-grade software (OTS) for calculation of optical forces, digital video microscopy, optical tweezers calibration and holographic optical tweezers.
Download or read book Irreversibility and Dissipation in Microscopic Systems written by Édgar Roldán and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After an insightful introductory part on recent developments in the thermodynamics of small systems, the author presents his contribution to a long-standing problem, namely the connection between irreversibility and dissipation. He develops a method based on recent results on fluctuation theorems that is able to estimate dissipation using only information acquired in a single, sufficiently long, trajectory of a stationary nonequilibrium process. This part ends with a remarkable application of the method to the analysis of biological data, in this case, the fluctuations of a hair bundle. The third part studies the energetics of systems that undergo symmetry breaking transitions. These theoretical ideas lead to, among other things, an experimental realization of a Szilard engine using manipulated colloids. This work has the potential for important applications ranging from the analysis of biological media to the design of novel artificial nano-machines.
Download or read book Microrheology with Optical Tweezers written by Manlio Tassieri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to the pioneering works of Ashkin and coworkers, optical tweezers (OTs) have become an invaluable tool for myriad studies throughout the natural sciences. Their success relies on the fact that they can be considered as exceptionally sensitive transducers that are able to resolve pN forces and nm displacements, with high temporal resolution, down to μs. Hence their application to study a wide range of biological phenomena such as measuring the compliance of bacterial tails, the forces exerted by a single motor protein, and the mechanical properties of human red blood cells and of individual biological molecules. The number of articles related to them totals to a whopping 58,000 (source Google Scholar)! Microrheology is a branch of rheology, but it works at micrometer length scales and with microliter sample volumes. Therefore, microrheology techniques have been revealed to be very useful tools for all those rheological/mechanical studies where rare or precious materials are employed, such as in biological and biomedical studies. The aim of this book is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics principles governing both the optical tweezers and their application in the field of microrheology of complex materials. This is achieved by following a linear path that starts from a narrative introduction of the "nature of light," followed by a rigorous description of the fundamental equations governing the propagation of light through matter. Moreover, some of the many possible instrumental configurations are presented, especially those that better adapt to perform microrheology measurements. In order to better appreciate the microrheological methods with optical tweezers explored in this book, informative introductions to the basic concepts of linear rheology, statistical mechanics, and the most popular microrheology techniques are also given. Furthermore, an enlightening prologue to the general applications of optical tweezers different from rheological purposes is provided at the end of the book.
Download or read book Optical Tweezers Combined with Fluorescence Microscopy and a Heating Laser for the Study of Model Lipid Bilayer Systems and Membrane Proteins written by Gero Hermsdorf and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Miles J. Padgett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical development of optical tweezers, along with their application in the biological and physical sciences, has progressed significantly since the demonstration of an optical trap for micron-sized particles based on a single, tightly focused laser beam was first reported more than twenty years ago. Bringing together many landmark papers on
Download or read book Microrheology with Optical Tweezers written by Manlio Tassieri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to the pioneering works of Ashkin and coworkers, optical tweezers (OTs) have become an invaluable tool for myriad studies throughout the natural sciences. Their success relies on the fact that they can be considered as exceptionally sensitive transducers that are able to resolve pN forces and nm displacements, with high temporal resolution, down to μs. Hence their application to study a wide range of biological phenomena such as measuring the compliance of bacterial tails, the forces exerted by a single motor protein, and the mechanical properties of human red blood cells and of individual biological molecules. The number of articles related to them totals to a whopping 58,000 (source Google Scholar)! Microrheology is a branch of rheology, but it works at micrometer length scales and with microliter sample volumes. Therefore, microrheology techniques have been revealed to be very useful tools for all those rheological/mechanical studies where rare or precious materials are employed, such as in biological and biomedical studies. The aim of this book is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics principles governing both the optical tweezers and their application in the field of microrheology of complex materials. This is achieved by following a linear path that starts from a narrative introduction of the "nature of light," followed by a rigorous description of the fundamental equations governing the propagation of light through matter. Moreover, some of the many possible instrumental configurations are presented, especially those that better adapt to perform microrheology measurements. In order to better appreciate the microrheological methods with optical tweezers explored in this book, informative introductions to the basic concepts of linear rheology, statistical mechanics, and the most popular microrheology techniques are also given. Furthermore, an enlightening prologue to the general applications of optical tweezers different from rheological purposes is provided at the end of the book.
Download or read book Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Particles Using Lasers written by Arthur Ashkin and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 2006 with total page 915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume contains selected papers and extensive commentaries on laser trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using radiation pressure forces. Such techniques apply to a variety of small particles, such as atoms, molecules, macroscopic dielectric particles, living cells, and organelles within cells. These optical methods have had a revolutionary impact on the fields of atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, and many aspects of nanotechnology.In atomic physics, the trapping and cooling of atoms down to nanokelvins and even picokelvin temperatures are possible. These are the lowest temperatures in the universe. This made possible the first demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic and molecular vapors. Some of the applications are high precision atomic clocks, gyroscopes, the measurement of gravity, cryptology, atomic computers, cavity quantum electrodynamics and coherent atom lasers.A major application in biophysics is the study of the mechanical properties of the many types of motor molecules, mechanoenzymes, and other macromolecules responsible for the motion of organelles within cells and the locomotion of entire cells. Unique in vitro and in vivo assays study the driving forces, stepping motion, kinetics, and efficiency of these motors as they move along the cell's cytoskeleton. Positional and temporal resolutions have been achieved, making possible the study of RNA and DNA polymerases, as they undergo their various copying, backtracking, and error correcting functions on a single base pair basis.Many applications in nanotechnology involve particle and cell sorting, particle rotation, microfabrication of simple machines, microfluidics, and other micrometer devices. The number of applications continues to grow at a rapid rate.The author is the discoverer of optical trapping and optical tweezers. With his colleagues, he first demonstrated optical levitation, the trapping of atoms, and tweezer trapping and manipulation of living cells and biological particles.This is the only review volume covering the many fields of optical trapping and manipulation. The intention is to provide a selective guide to the literature and to teach how optical traps really work.
Download or read book Micromanipulation by Light in Biology and Medicine written by Karl Otto Greulich and published by Birkhauser. This book was released on 1999 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Tweezers for the Study of Microbubble Dynamics in Ultrasound written by Valeria Garbin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Arne Gennerich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume explores a wide variety of techniques involving optical tweezers, a technology that has become increasingly more accessible to a broad range of researchers. Beginning with recent technical advances, the book continues by covering the application of optical tweezers to study DNA-protein interactions and DNA motors, protocols to perform protein (un)folding experiments, the application of optical tweezers to study actin- and microtubule-associated motor proteins, and well as protocols for investigating the function and mechanical properties of microtubules and intermediate filaments, and more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Optical Tweezers: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal resource for expanding the accessibility and use of optical traps by scientists of diverse disciplines.
Download or read book Investigation of Nanoscopic Dynamics and Potentials by Interferometric Scattering Microscopy written by Jaime Ortega Arroyo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers a unique guide to the development and application of ultrasensitive optical microscopy based on light scattering. Divided into eight chapters, it covers an impressive range of scientific fields, from basic optical physics to molecular biology and synthetic organic chemistry. Especially the detailed information provided on how to design, build and implement an interferometric scattering microscope, as well as the descriptions of all instrumentation, hardware interfacing and image processing necessary to achieve the highest levels of performance, will be of interest to researchers now entering the field.
Download or read book Single molecule Techniques written by Paul R. Selvin and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geared towards research scientists in structural and molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics, this manual will be useful to all who are interested in observing, manipulating and elucidating the molecular mechanisms and discrete properties of macromolecules.
Download or read book Improving the Resolution and Accuracy of Optical Tweezers Through Algorithmic and Instrumental Advances written by Antony Ann-Tzer Lee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first half of this thesis, we describe our study of the elongation dynamics of E. coli RNA polymerase using optical tweezers. Optical tweezers constitute an important tool in modern biophysical research, as they allow the manipulation and tracking of individual molecules, such as enzymes that carry out diverse biological functions by converting chemical energy into mechanical work. Improvements to the spatio-temporal resolution and accuracy of optical tweezers therefore directly impact our ability to probe the tiniest and fastest motions of such enzymes. RNA polymerase is a central enzyme present in all organisms, that transcribes the genetic information encoded in DNA into RNA, one nucleotide at a time. This process constitutes the first step of gene expression, and is highly regulated at all its stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. In particular, elongation—i.e., the processive polymerization of the nascent RNA chain—does not occur in a continuous fashion, but consists of periods of active translocation interspersed by long-lived, sequence-dependent pauses, that have been implicated in various biological roles. While optical tweezers have long been able to observe such long-lived pausing events, many questions remained open, due to the limited spatio-temporal resolution of the technique. Here, we demonstrate algorithmic and instrumental developments that improve our ability to probe the transcription cycle at the finest level. Improvements in spatial resolution allowed us to robustly observe individual translocation events over long distances, and thus record the distribution of the dwell times spent at each position by the enzyme. Improvements in temporal resolution and spatial accuracy allowed us to understand the dynamics of the enzymes immediately as it reaches a "pause site". Specifically, we were able to show that transcription through a pause site is always accompanied by a decrease of the forward transcription rate. We established that entry into "backtracked" pauses occurs in a stepwise fashion, with a relatively slow entry into deeply backtracked states. We also probed the effect of nascent RNA structures on RNAP dynamics, and found that, depending on the sequence context, such structures could either enhance or attenuate pre-existing pauses. In the second half of this thesis, we review another fundamental single-molecule technique: super-resolution microscopy. Unlike optical tweezers, optical microscopy allows us to observe cellular processes in vivo or in situ; and the recent development of super-resolution microscopy has greatly enhanced the field of application of the technique. However, super-resolution microscopy also yields data that is much more difficult to interpret than classical ("diffraction-limited") microscopy. We discuss recent developments in our ability, not only to localize molecules with high accuracy, but also to quantify them. Finally, we present a fluorescent protein engineering work, regarding the development of a split-photoactivatable fluorescent protein system, towards the goal of studying protein-protein interaction at high resolution.
Download or read book Optical Trapping and Manipulation written by Philip Jones and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are pleased to present “Optical Trapping and Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications”, a Special Issue of Micromachines dedicated to the latest research in optical trapping. In recognition of the broad impact of optical manipulation techniques across disciplines, this Special Issue collected contributions related to all aspects of optical trapping and manipulation. Both theoretical and experimental studies were welcome, and applications of optical manipulation methods in fields including (but not limited to) single molecule biophysics, cell biology, nanotechnology, atmospheric chemistry, and fundamental optics were particularly welcome in order to showcase the breadth of the current research. The Special Issue accepted diverse forms of contributions, including research papers, short communications, methods, and review articles representing the state-of-the-art in optical trapping.
Download or read book Combined Optical Micro Manipulation Force Microscopy and Quantitative Phase Imaging for Studying Cellular Membrane Protrusion Dynamics written by Mohammad Sarshar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical tweezers have become an important instrument in force measurements associated with various physical, biological, and biophysical phenomena. Quantitative use of optical tweezers relies on accurate calibration of the stiffness of the optical trap. In the first chapter, a comparative study of methods in calibrating the stiffness of a single beam gradient force optical trap at trapping laser powers is provided. The Equipartition theorem and Boltzmann statistic methods demonstrate a linear stiffness with trapping laser powers up to 355 mW, when used in conjunction with video position sensing means. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) of a trapped particle's Brownian motion, or measurements of the particle displacement against known viscous drag forces, can be reliably used for stiffness calibration of an optical trap over a greater range of trapping laser powers. Viscous drag stiffness calibration method produces results relevant to applications where trapped particle undergoes large displacements, and at a given position sensing resolution, can be used for stiffness calibration at higher trapping laser powers than the PSD method. The efficacy of optical tweezers is limited in applications where concurrent metrology of the nano-sized structure under interrogation is essential to the quantitative analysis of its mechanical properties and various mechanotransduction events. In the second chapter I report on developing a platform for combined optical micromanipulation and interferometric topography (COMMIT). The all-optical platform delivers pN force resolution in parallel to ≈ 30 nm (or better) axial resolution in biological samples. Plasma membrane tethers are involved in various cellular functions such as motility, cell communications, and transmission of pathogens. In the third chapter, I report on using the COMMIT platform for simultaneous extrusion, force microscopy, and super resolution imaging of membrane tethers from cytoskeleton intact and disrupted HEK239 cells. COMMIT enabled label-free observation of the force-active sub-resolution heterogeneities in tether diameter along its length. I report on observation of cell's active maintenance of low membrane curvature at the base of the tether to facilitate tether tension relaxation by the Marangoni flow. I also show that the cell is capable of inducing functional shape changes in the tether even in the absence of a functional cytoskeleton.
