Download or read book A Strategy to Label RNA for Visualization written by Chinmoyee Karmakar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book RNA protein Interactions written by Kiyoshi Nagai and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of RNA-protein interactions is crucial to understanding the mechanisms and control of gene expression and protein synthesis. The realization that RNAs are often far more biologically active than was previously appreciated has stimulated a great deal of new research in this field. Uniquely, in this book, the world's leading researchers have collaborated to produce a comprehensive and current review of RNA-protein interactions for all scientists working in this area. Timely, comprehensive, and authoritative, this new Frontiers title will be invaluable for all researchers in molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology.

Download or read book Visualizing RNA Dynamics in the Cell written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Enzymology: Visualizing RNA Dynamics in the Cell continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods visualizing RNA dynamics in the cell, and includes sections on such topics as identification of RNA cis-regulatory sequences, IRAS, IMAGEtags, MERFISH, plant RNA labeling using MS2, and visualization of 5S dynamics in live cells using photostable corn probe. Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Covers research methods in visualizing RNA dynamics in the cell Contains sections on such topics as identification of RNA cis-regulatory sequences, IRAS, IMAGEtags, MERFISH, plant RNA labeling using MS2 and visualization of 5S dynamics in live cells using photostable corn probe

Download or read book RNA Structure and Folding written by Dagmar Klostermeier and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While structure-function relationships of proteins have been studied for a long time, structural studies of RNA face additional challenges. Nevertheless, with the continuous discovery of novel RNA molecules with key cellular functions and of novel pathways and interaction networks, the need for structural information of RNA is still increasing. This volume provides an introduction into techniques to assess structure and folding of RNA. Each chapter explains the theoretical background of one technique, and illustrates possibilities and limitations in selected application examples.

Download or read book Development of Site specific RNA Labeling Strategies to Probe Alternative RNA Splicing written by Tilemachos D. Kosmidis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to develop a method for the labeling of RNA at specific locations using non-natural base pairs. This thesis details the efforts made towards this objective through the development of a modular synthetic platform for an expanded genetic alphabet and its evaluation using transcriptional assays.Chapter 1 introduces the structure and function of RNA, followed by a description of RNA processing events with emphasis placed on alternative RNA splicing and how aberrations in splicing can lead to disease. The concept of RNA labeling follows and examples from the literature are presented along with challenges associated with these techniques to elucidate key mechanistic splicing concepts. The concept of orthogonal base pairs is then introduced along with representative examples from the literature. The application of this concept in RNA labeling is then presented along with key examples from the literature. The limitations of these methods are highlighted followed by the specific aims behind this project.Chapter 2 presents the efforts made towards the development of a modular synthetic route for the synthesis of C-ribonucleosides, with a Heck reaction as the key step. Specifically, its application in the synthesis of the Z ribonucleoside developed by the Benner group is investigated. The chapter starts with re-introducing the Z/P pair developed by the Benner group and highlighting the reasons that placed it as our chosen base pair for RNA labeling. The synthesis of C-deoxyribonucleosides utilizing the Heck reaction is presented, followed by the challenges associated with C-ribonucleoside synthesis.The syntheses of the alkene and halide coupling partners of the proposed Heck reaction are firstly presented.Investigations on the Heck reaction are then presented, followed by investigations on the transformation of nitro group in Z to moieties suitable for further derivatization. The key outcome of this work is that a synthetic route involving the Heck reaction for the synthesis of C-ribonucleosidesis not feasible. This is due to long reaction times required to drive the Heck reaction to completion and difficulties encountered with elucidation of its stereselectivity. Furthermore, PCR experiments conducted by our collaborators within the Eperon group at the University of Leicester revealed significant misincorporation of Z opposite G. Consequently, a change in strategy towards the use of nucleotides developed by the Hirao group was made.Chapter 3 describes the development of a robust synthetic route for the synthesis of a library of C6-functionalized 2-aminopurines as potential candidates for an expanded genetic alphabet in RNA. The s/Pa pair developed by the Hirao group is re-introduced.The installation of an alkyne functionality on the guanosine scaffold via a Sonogashira reaction is described,followed by investigations of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between the alkyne and azides or aldehyde oximes. Finally, the development of a novel Suzuki-Miyaura protocol for the direct installation of heterocyclic substituents on the guanosine scaffold is also reported.Key outcomes of this chapter are the following. A robust method was developed for the expedient synthesis of C6-functionalized s analogues. This method enabled access to various classes of analogues in three or six steps,including triazoles, isoxazoles, thiophenes and pyrazoles. Attempts to install an azide moiety to the guanosine were partly successful, but the strategy was abanonded due to reaction reproducibility issues. In addition, a C-H activation strategy was not successful on installing an oxazole moiety Chapter 4 details the efforts towards the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates based on the s analogues described in Chapter 3. This chapter will begin with the presentation of the most common strategies for the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates. Initial attempts to synthesize triphosphates by global deprotection of nucleosides synthesized in Chapter 3 are next described. Attempts to install a silyl ether group in the 5'-OH are presented, followed by the installation of acetates on the 2'/3' hydroxyls and attempts to protect the exocyclic amine on guanosine as the phenoxyacetamide. The installation of a pyrazole moiety via Suzuki-Miyauraprotocol using the corresponding boronic acid pinacol ester described in Chapter 3 is presented. The installation of an alkyne moiety is also described and the synthesis of an isoxazole analogue using this alkyne precursor will follow. The chapter will end with the presentation of the synthesis of pyrazole and isoxazole triphosphate analogues. The key outcome of this chapter is that employing different protecting groups on the 5' and the 2'/3' hydroxyls enabled the synthesis of pure triphosphates. Chapter 5 presents the evaluation of the nucleotide triphosphates synthesized in Chapter 4 regarding their transcriptional efficiency. Key outcome of this work are that high concentrations (>0.5 mM mM) are needed in order to observe significant incorporation of the analogues, compared to s, which needs 0.1 mM for efficient incorporation. At high concentration, the isoxazole moiety exhibits better incorporation efficiency compared to the pyrazole analogue. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 mM of MnCl2 resulted in increased incorporation efficiency of the pyrazole analogue, while s and the isoxazole exhibited reduced efficiency under these conditions.

Download or read book Biophysical Chemical and Functional Probes of RNA Structure Interactions and Folding Part A written by Daniel Herschlag and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This MIE volume provides laboratory techniques that aim to predict the structure of a protein which can have tremendous implications ranging from drug design, to cellular pathways and their dynamics, to viral entry into cells. Expert researchers introduce the most advanced technologies and techniques in protein structure and folding Includes techniques on tiling assays

Download or read book Systems Biology of RNA Binding Proteins written by Gene W. Yeo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-08 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After transcription in the nucleus, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) recognize cis-regulatory RNA elements within pre-mRNA sequence to form mRNA-protein (mRNP) complexes. Similarly to DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA elements in the promoters of genes, RBPs regulate the fate of target RNAs by interacting with specific sequences or RNA secondary structural features within the transcribed RNA molecule. The set of functional RNA elements recognized by RBPs within target RNAs and which control the temporal, functional and spatial dynamics of the target RNA define a putative “mRNP code”. These cis-regulatory RNA elements can be found in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs), introns, and exons of all protein-coding genes. RNA elements in 5’ and 3’ UTRs are frequently involved in targeting RNA to specific cellular compartments, affecting 3’ end formation, controlling RNA stability and regulating mRNA translation. RNA elements in introns and exons are known to function as splicing enhancers or silencers during the splicing process from pre-mRNA to mature mRNA. This book provides case studies of RNA binding proteins that regulate aspects of RNA processing that are important for fundamental understanding of diseases and development. Chapters include systems-level perspectives, mechanistic insights into RNA processing and RNA Binding proteins in genetic variation, development and disease. The content focuses on systems biology and genomics of RNA Binding proteins and their relation to human diseases.

Download or read book Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques written by Sean R. Gallagher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-19 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest title from the acclaimed Current Protocols series, Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques, 2e provides the new researcher with the skills and understanding of the fundamental laboratory procedures necessary to run successful experiments, solve problems, and become a productive member of the modern life science laboratory. From covering the basic skills such as measurement, preparation of reagents and use of basic instrumentation to the more advanced techniques such as blotting, chromatography and real-time PCR, this book will serve as a practical reference manual for any life science researcher. Written by a combination of distinguished investigators and outstanding faculty, Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques, 2e is the cornerstone on which the beginning scientist can develop the skills for a successful research career.

Download or read book Fluorescence based Methods for Visualization of RNA in Living Cells written by Eman Ahmad Ageely and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge about ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and their roles has recently been expanded by extensive studies seeking to uncover novel RNAs using biochemical techniques. These techniques visualize specific RNA in situ to understanding the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. Lately, a variety of photo labeling techniques has been developed for imaging RNA in vivo to locate and track it with high accuracy. This study focuses on fluorescence-based methods of in vivo RNA visualization. Using fluorescent light has transformed the study of micro-molecular components due to its many advantages. Molecular beacons targeting repeat expansion of RNA can differentiate between normal repeat sizes and repeat expansions in the pathogenic range. With modification and testing, molecular beacons have the potential to serve as probes for sensing repeat structure accessibility and for use in diagnostics assays. Broccoli GFP-mimic RNAs have different instability and metal ion preferences than Baby Spinach, a truncated version of the Spinach aptamer, that are primarily associated with the sequence and structure of predicted quadruplex-flanking stem structures. Unique duplex-to-quadruplex transitions in GFP-mimic RNAs, which likely explains their sensitivity to magnesium due to its stability and fluorescence. RNA Mango is an RNA aptamer that binds thiazole Orange (TO1) dye and its derivative with nanomolar binding affinity, unlike MS2 and Spinach systems. Mango is superior in its detection of bacterial fluorescence compared with Spinach, which requires 200uM of the fluorophore. Inserting a Mango aptamer with TO1-Biotin, a derivative of TO1, genetically into the cell can be used to monitor the expression of RNA in real time by measuring the fluorescence signal that comes from the TO1-Biotin.

Download or read book Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry written by Fan Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in the second edition, the third edition of Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry – Frequently Asked Questions is written in a question and answer (Q&A) format and intended to be a practical, user-friendly, quick reference for information related to using the most up-to-date immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in clinical diagnosis. The new edition demonstrates a significant revision and improvement over the second edition. Five new chapters have been added that cover the following: 1) Immunohistochemistry: Leica’s perspective; 2) Immunohistochemistry: Maixin perspective; 3) RNA in situ hybridization: Applications in anatomic pathology; 4) Applications of rapid immunohistochemistry on frozen tissue sections during intraoperative pathologic diagnosis; and 5) Cutaneous lymphomas. In addition to extensive additions and changes, over 150 new questions and answers were added throughout this new edition. All chapters have been updated to include relevant new questions, new markers, more refined IHC panels, representative pictures, and current references. An extensive set of high-quality color pictures and diagnostic algorithms, if available, is included in each chapter to illustrate some of the key antibodies, including many recently discovered and substantiated antibodies used in that chapter. Written by experts in the field, Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry Third Edition is a comprehensive and practical guide for surgical pathologists, pathology residents and fellows, cytopathologists, and cytotechnologists.

Download or read book Regulating with RNA in Bacteria and Archaea written by Gisela Storz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revealing the many roles of RNA in regulating gene expression For decades after the discoveries of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA, it was largely assumed that the role of RNA in the cell was limited to shuttling the genomic message, chaperoning amino acids, and toiling in the ribosomes. Eventually, hints that RNA molecules might have regulatory roles began to appear. With the advent of genomics and bioinformatics, it became evident that numerous other RNA forms exist and have specific functions, including small RNAs (sRNA), RNA thermometers, and riboswitches to regulate core metabolic pathways, bacterial pathogenesis, iron homeostasis, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation. All of these functions, and more, are presented in Regulating with RNA in Bacteria and Archaea, written by RNA biologists from around the globe. Divided into eight sections-RNases and Helicases, Cis-Acting RNAs, Cis Encoded Base Pairing RNAs, Trans-Encoded Base Pairing RNAs, Protein Titration and Scaffolding, General Considerations, Emerging Topics, and Resources-this book serves as an excellent resource for established RNA biologists and for the many scientists who are studying regulated cellular systems. It is no longer a fair assumption that gene expression regulation is the provenance of proteins only or that control is exerted primarily at the level of transcription. This book makes clear that regulatory RNAs are key partners along with proteins in controlling the complex interactions and pathways found within prokaryotes.

Download or read book RNA Modification Enzymes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-11 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA Modification Enzymes, Volume 659 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of related topics, including Locating chemical modifications in RNA sequences through ribonucleases and LC-MS based analysis, Development of RNA modification mapping pipelines for high-throughput sequencing approaches, AlkAniline-Seq for high-resolution mapping RNA m7G and m3C modifications, Facile detection of RNA phospho-methylation in cells, Detection and analysis of glycosylated queuosine modifications, A comprehensive pipeline for analysis of RNA 3’-end modification, Analysis of the epitranscriptome with ion-pairing reagent free oligonucleotide mass spectrometry, and more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Updated release includes the latest information on the RNA Modification Enzymes

Download or read book Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids written by Volker A. Erdmann and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains 29 engrossing chapters contributed by worldwide, leading research groups in the field of chemical biology. Topics include pre-biology; the establishment of the genetic code; isomerization of RNA; damage of nucleobases in RNA; the dynamic structure of nucleic acids and their analogs in DNA replication, extra- and intra-cellular transport; molecular crowding by the use of ionic liquids; new technologies enabling the modification of gene expression via editing of therapeutic genes; the use of riboswitches; the modification of mRNA cap regions; new approaches to detect appropriately modified RNAs with EPR spectroscopy and the use of parallel and high-throughput techniques for the analysis of the structure and new functions of nucleic acids. This volume discusses how chemistry can add new frontiers to the field of nucleic acids in molecular medicine, biotechnology and nanotechnology and is not only an invaluable source of information to chemists, biochemists and life scientists but will also stimulate future research.

Download or read book RNA Nanotechnology and Therapeutics written by Peixuan Guo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in RNA nanotechnology has increased in recent years as recognition of its potential for applications in nanomedicine has grown. Edited by the world's foremost experts in nanomedicine, this comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference details the latest research developments and challenges in the biophysical and single molecule approaches in RNA nanotechnology. In addition, the text also provides in-depth discussions of RNA structure for nanoparticle construction, RNA computation and modeling, single molecule imaging of RNA, RNA nanoparticle assembly, RNA nanoparticles in therapeutics, RNA chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis, and conjugation and labeling.

Download or read book Probes and Tags to Study Biomolecular Function written by Lawrence W. Miller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only resource to systematically review current experimental methods, this handy reference enables researchers to select the best solution for their experimental problems. For each method covered, the book provides step-by-step protocols, illustrated by typical research applications. After an initial section on probing the lipid bilayer, the text moves on to discuss probing proteins -- including membrane proteins -- and nucleic acids. The first single publication to incorporate chemical markers, fluorescent probes and genetic tags allows a well-informed comparison of different solutions for the same problem in molecular analytics.

Download or read book Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementary Strategies to Study Virus Structure and Function, Volume 104, the latest release in the Advances in Virus Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on X-ray structures from crystals of viral proteins grown in cellula, NMR and SAXS to study protein dynamics and natively disordered viral proteins, Mass spectrometry to study virus particle assembly, Atomic force microscopy to study virus particles, Non-enveloped viruses and interactions with antibodies, Non-enveloped viruses and their mechanism of entry into cells, Structures of enveloped virions by electron cryo-microscopy and cryo-tomography, and many other interesting topics. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Virus Research series Includes the latest information on virus structure and function

Download or read book Phosphate Labeling and Sensing in Chemical Biology written by Henning Jacob Jessen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-08 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.