Download or read book A Spatially Parallel Implementation of a Lake and Land Surface Model Interaction with a Regional Climate Model written by David A. Swayne and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A decade ago, climate change predictions were made by models on coarse spatial resolution where the focus was more on a global scale. Recently, to improve the accuracy, scientists are able to adapt these models to finer spatial scales and to include more detail processes over land and lake surfaces on a regional basis. The objective of this paper is to improve the efficiency of the combined air, land and water components in a regional climate model. This paper shows that for small lakes, which are in the order of millions in Canada, it is possible to treat them as part of the land model module. Furthermore, as each lake acts quite independent of each other, the calculation of a given lake can be carried out simultaneously as the calculation of another lake is being done. If there is a network of computers or a computer with multi-processors deployed for this use, the running time of the regional climate model will be substantially reduced"--Abstract.
Download or read book A Spacially Parallel Implementation of Lake and Land Surface Model Interaction with a Regional Climate Model written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Assessment of the Interaction Between the Canadian Regional Climate Model and Lake Thermal Hydrodynamic Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling written by E.F. Wood and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-12-31 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations and observational needs. Insight from large-scale observational studies of land/atmosphere interactions. Some aspects of the HAPEX-MOBILHY programme: the data base and the modelling strategy. Passive microwave remote sensing contribution to hydrological variables. Modeling and observing land-surface-atmosphere interactions on large scales. Land surface hydrology in a general circulation model-global and regional fields needed for validation. Simulation of daily precipitation in the Pacific Northwest using a weather classification scheme. A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation. A statistical-dynamical approach to parameterize subgrid-scale land-surface heterogeneity in climate models. Evapotranspiration and runoff from large land surface hydrology for atmospheric general circulation models. Climate and the equilibrium state of land surface hydrology parameterizations. Partial analysis applied to scale problems in surface moisture fluxes. Distributed parameterization fo complex terrain. Modeling basin-scale hydrology in support of physical climate and global biogeochemical studies: an example using the Zambezi river.
Download or read book Development and Application of a Model Interface to Couple Land Surface Models with Regional Climate Models for Climate Change Risk Assessment in the Upper Danube Watershed written by Thomas Marke and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lakes in Land Surface Models written by Huidong Liu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is part of the long-term research towards building a complete surface water representation in the land surface model, in order to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of surface water bodies, especially lakes, and to further understand the role of lakes in the climate system. Changes in lake water storage reflect variations in climate such as changes in precipitation, land surface evaporation, net river discharge, and groundwater storage. However, owing to the lack of a comprehensive surface water observing system, continental-to-global-scale changes in surface water heights and inundation extent remain poorly understood. In the previous study, a Catchment-based Hydrologic And Routing Modeling System (CHARMS) was developed to be run on a catchment-based modeling template, which was modified from the grid-based National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model (CLM). In the CHARMS model, the catchment-based CLM was coupled to a catchment-based river routing model, which simulated the movement of water through river channels and floodplains. However, the lake component was not included in the CHARMS routing system. Moreover, in the CLM model, lakes are considered to have a globally consistent depth of 50m and a constant volume. In this dissertation, a lake model (CHARMS-lake) is implemented in the routing path of CHARMS, with the objective of better representing the surface water system in the land surface model. In Chapter 2 of this dissertation, the CHARMS model is modified. In the previous version of CHARMS model, an explicit representation of lake bodies was missing, with the lakes either ignored from the surface water system or kept constant in storage. In this chapter the routing path for CHARMS is manipulated by adding lakes into the river network. Modeled lake levels for Lake Superior and Lake Victoria are compared with the altimetry data, and the outflow discharge from lake basins is also compared with the model case which assumes no lake in the basin. The performance of NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) detecting changes in land water mass is evaluated in Chapter 3, to test its ability of capturing the hydrologic signal from lakes. After removing the hydrologic leakage from the surrounding area, the gridded GRACE TELLUS RL 05 product is scaled over the 16 largest lakes in the world, and compared with the altimetry data for the period of 2003 to 2010. Statistical analysis is performed to find factors that significantly influence the quality of GRACE observations over lakes. Chapter 4 of the dissertation studies the physical properties of lakes, such as thermal expansion, as well as lake bathymetry, in order to better understand their impact on lake level variations. The high resolution bathymetry data for the Great Lakes is integrated and the hypsometric curves for the five lakes are plotted. Thermal expansion of the lakes is estimated using the MODIS surface water temperature data for 6 lakes in two different climate zones. The ratio of thermal expansion to the total amount of lake level change is calculated, indicating that in the tropical regions the impact of thermal expansion can be ignored. This CHARMS-lake model will provide a better understanding of the global hydrologic cycle, and is expected to be coupled to a global scale atmospheric model to study the feedbacks between climate and the terrestrial surface water system.
Download or read book Integrated Regional Models written by Peter Groffman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated regional models are conceptual and mathematical models that describe the physical environment, biological interactions, human decision-making, and human impact on the environment. Efforts are now being made to integrate regional models from the physical, biological and social sciences in order to respond to diverse environmental problems. This volume explores the latest research developments on processes operating at a variety of scales, including regions, and how scientists can combine their efforts to develop models linking biological, physical, and human systems. Data requirements for successful integrated regional models are identified and discussed. Chapters also consider methodological questions, such as whether to integrate disciplinary approaches at the beginning or the end of the modelling process, and whether integrated regional models should focus on specific regions or specific problems. The information in this volume will enable the reader to view problems such as coastal zone management, atmospheric pollution, non-point source pollution, commodity production in forested areas, and urban expansion in a broad, conceptual context. Researchers and graduate students in ecology, biology, geography and geology will benefit from this innovative approach to contemporary environmental problems.
Download or read book Land Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America Understanding Inter model Differences written by Almudena García García and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions between the lower atmosphere and the land surface are associated with weather and climate phenomena such as the duration, frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Thus, the representation of land- atmosphere interactions in climate model simulations is crucial for projecting future changes in the statistics of extreme events as realistically as possible. Given the importance of the land-atmosphere interaction, the purpose of the thesis is to evaluate climate simulations performed by General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and examine the role of the Land Surface Model (LSM) component and the horizontal resolution over North America. For this purpose, I analyze a large set of simulations from GCMs and RCMs used by the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as my own simulations performed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that GCM simulations present large uncertainties in the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in comparison with observations. This work also reveals a dependence of the simulated land-atmosphere interactions on the LSM components used in regional and global simulations. Additionally, the LSM component is identified as an important source of uncertainty in the simulation of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Increasing the horizontal resolution also affects the simulation of land-atmosphere interactions, which lead to the intensification of precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture at low latitudes; that is increased latent heat flux, soil moisture, and precipitation. The impact of both factors, horizontal resolution and the LSM, is larger in summer in agreement with the summer intensification of land-atmosphere interactions reported in the literature. The comparison of model simulations and observations indicates that the use of the most comprehensive LSM component available in WRF, the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4), leads to a better representation of temperature climatologies. In contrast, finer horizontal resolutions are associated with larger biases in the WRF simulation of precipitation climatology, due to the overestimation of precipitation in the WRF model. Due to the large effect of the LSM component on the simulation of near-surface conditions shown in this dissertation, the use of simple version of LSM component in GCMs, RCMs or reanalyses can be an important limitation in climate simulations and reanalysis products.
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Circular written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the U S Geological Survey Global Change Research Forum Herndon Virginia March 18 20 1991 written by John A. Kelmelis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the U S Geological Survey Global Change Research Forum written by John A. Kelmelis and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of an interdisciplinary meeting to review the diverse topics represented in global change research, held March 18-20, 1991, in Herndon, VA. Covers: climate, hydrology, precipitation, desert processes, energy, permafrost, & much more. Covers all aspects of the subject in over 100 presentations & poster sessions. Comprehensive!!
Download or read book The Development and Validation of a New Land Surface Model for Regional and Global Climate Modeling written by Marc Lynch-Stieglitz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling written by E. F. Wood and published by . This book was released on 1990-12-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land atmosphere Coupling Between a Land Surface Hydrological Model and a Regional Climate Model written by Florian Zabel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Science Policy and Management written by Simon James Dadson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth look at science, policy and management in the water sector across the globe Sustainable water management is an increasingly complex challenge and policy priority facing global society. This book examines how governments, municipalities, corporations, and individuals find sustainable water management pathways across competing priorities of water for ecosystems, food, energy, economic growth and human consumption. It looks at the current politics and economics behind the management of our freshwater ecosystems and infrastructure and offers insightful essays that help stimulate more intense and informed debate about the subject and its need for local and international cooperation. This book celebrates the 15-year anniversary of Oxford University’s MSc course in Water Science, Policy and Management. Edited and written by some of the leading minds in the field, writing alongside alumni from the course, Water Science, Policy and Management: A Global Challenge offers in-depth chapters in three parts: Science; Policy; and Management. Topics cover: hydroclimatic extremes and climate change; the past, present, and future of groundwater resources; water quality modelling, monitoring, and management; and challenges for freshwater ecosystems. The book presents critical views on the monitoring and modelling of hydrological processes; the rural water policy in Africa and Asia; the political economy of wastewater in Europe; drought policy management and water allocation. It also examines the financing of water infrastructure; the value of wastewater; water resource planning; sustainable urban water supply and the human right to water. Features perspectives from some of the world’s leading experts on water policy and management Identifies and addresses current and future water sector challenges Charts water policy trends across a rapidly evolving set of challenges in a variety of global areas Covers the reallocation of water; policy process of risk management; the future of the world’s water under global environmental change; and more Water Science, Policy and Management: A Global Challenge is an essential book for policy makers and government agencies involved in water management, and for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying water science, governance, and policy.
Download or read book Development of a Unified Land Model with Multi criteria Observational Data for the Simulation of Regional Hydrology and Land atmosphere Interaction written by Ben Livneh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unified land model (ULM) is described that combines the surface flux parameterizations in the Noah land surface model (used in most of NOAA's coupled weather and climate models) with the Sacramento soil moisture accounting model (Sac; used for hydrologic prediction within the National Weather Service). The major motivation was to develop a model that has a history of strong hydrologic performance, while having the ability to be used as the land surface parameterization in coupled land-atmosphere models. Initial comparisons were made with observed surface fluxes and soil moisture wherein ULM performed well compared with its parent models (Noah, Sac) with a notably improved representation of the soil drying cycle. Parameter tuning was ultimately needed to capture streamflow dynamics, leading to a parameter estimation framework that utilized multiple independent data sets over the continental United States. These included a satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) product based on MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Geostationary Operation Environmental Satellites (GOES) imagery, an atmospheric-water balance based ET estimate that uses North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) atmospheric fields, terrestrial water storage content (TWSC) data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and streamflow (Q) primarily from United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges. At large scales (e"105 km2) calibrations using Q as an objective function resulted in the best overall multi-criteria performance. At small scales (
Download or read book The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program written by Joseph F. Rinella and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
