Download or read book A Shadow Policy Rate to Calibrate US Monetary Policy at the Zero Lower Bound written by Marco Jacopo Lombardi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The recent global financial crisis, the Great Recession and the subsequent implementation of a variety of unconventional policy measures have raised the issue of how to correctly measure the stance of monetary policy when policy interest rates reach the zero lower bound (ZLB). In this paper, the authors propose a new 'shadow policy rate' for the US economy, using a large set of data representing the various facets of the US Federal Reserve's policy stance. Changes in term premia at various maturities and asset purchases by the Fed are key drivers of this shadow rate. We document that our shadow policy rate tracks the effective federal funds rate very closely before the recent crisis. More importantly, it provides a reasonable gauge of US monetary policy stance when the ZLB becomes binding. This facilitates the assessment of the policy stance against familiar Taylor rule benchmarks. Finally, they show that in structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models, the shadow policy rate helps identify monetary policy shocks that better reflect the Federal Reserve's unconventional policy measures."--Abstract.
Download or read book A Shadow Rate New Keynesian Model written by Jing Cynthia Wu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a tractable and coherent framework that captures both conventional and unconventional monetary policies with the shadow fed funds rate. Empirically, we document the shadow rate's resemblance to an overall financial conditions index, various private interest rates, the Fed's balance sheet, and the Taylor rule. Theoretically, we demonstrate the impact of unconventional policies, such as QE and lending facilities, on the economy is identical to that of a negative shadow rate, making the latter a useful summary statistic for these policies. Our model generates the data consistent result: a negative supply shock is always contractionary. It also salvages the New Keynesian model from the zero lower bound induced structural break.
Download or read book A Shadow Rate New Keynesian Model written by Jing Cynthia Wu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: We propose a New Keynesian model with the shadow rate, which is the federal funds rate during normal times. At the zero lower bound, we establish empirically the negative shadow rate summarizes unconventional monetary policy with its resemblance to private interest rates, the Fed's balance sheet, and Taylor rule. Theoretically, we formalize our shadow rate New Keynesian model with QE and lending facilities. Our model generates data-consistent results: a negative supply shock is always contractionary. It also salvages the New Keynesian model from the zero lower bound induced structural break
Download or read book Monetary Policy Expectations at the Zero Lower Bound written by Michael Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that conventional dynamic term structure models (DTSMs) estimated on recent U.S. data severely violate the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates and deliver poor forecasts of future short rates. In contrast, shadow-rate DTSMs account for the ZLB by construction, capture the resulting distributional asymmetry of future short rates, and achieve good forecast performance. These models provide more accurate estimates of the most likely path for future monetary policy -- including the timing of policy liftoff from the ZLB and the pace of subsequent policy tightening. We also demonstrate the benefits of including macroeconomic factors in a shadow-rate DTSM when yields are constrained near the ZLB.
Download or read book Monetary Policy News and Systemic Risk at the Zero Lower Bound written by Pavel S. Kapinos and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper employs a recent contribution to the construction of the shadow nominal interest rate during the zero lower bound episode of the Great Recession of 2008-2009 and the Greenbook forecasts to obtain a measure of monetary policy shocks over that time period. It then identifies monetary policy news shocks as a novel measure of the forward-looking conduct of monetary policy in the U.S. Using the data from 1987-2010 and impulse responses from the method of local projections, it shows that contractionary monetary surprise and news shocks tended to reduce systemic risk measures over the full sample. In contrast, expansionary monetary news shocks reduced systemic risk at the zero lower bound, whereas surprises had little effect. These findings suggest that the Federal Reserve's efforts at providing expansionary forward guidance at the zero lower bound were successful in stabilizing measures of systemic risk during the Great Recession.
Download or read book Macroeconomic Shocks and Unconventional Monetary Policy written by Naoyuki Yoshino and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barely two decades after the Asian financial crisis Asia was suddenly confronted with multiple challenges originating outside the region: the 2008 global financial crisis, the European debt crisis, and finally developed economies' implementation of unconventional monetary policies. The implementation of quantitative easing, ultra-low interest rate policies, and negative interest rate policies by a number of large central banks has given rise to concerns over financial stability and international capital flows. Macroeconomic Shocks and Unconventional Monetary Policy: Impacts on Emerging Markets explains how shocks stemming from the global financial crisis have affected macroeconomic and financial stability in emerging Asia. Macroeconomic Shocks and Unconventional Monetary Policy: Impacts on Emerging Markets brings together the most up-to-date knowledge impacts of recent macroeconomic shocks on Asia's real economy; the spillover effects of macroeconomic shocks on financial markets and flows in Asia; and key challenges for monetary, exchange rate, trade and macro prudential policies of developing Asian economies. It is authored by experts in the field of international macroeconomics from leading academic institutions, central banks, and international organizations including the International Monetary Fund, the Bank for International Settlement, and the Asian Development Bank Institute.
Download or read book Monetary Policy Macro Factors and the Term Structure at the Zero Lower Bound written by Laura Jackson Young and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe the joint dynamics of bond yields, monetary policy and macroeconomic variables within a no-arbitrage affine term structure framework while explicitly modeling the zero lower bound (ZLB) using the shadow rate methodology. We include data on the unemployment gap and inflation to build a more comprehensive representation of the true stance of monetary policy, incorporating the influences of unconventional policy instruments introduced to combat the Great Recession. The model makes it possible to examine the effects of policy in an environment which solves the ZLB issue. We find that shadow rate models that incorporate macroeconomic factors suggest a more negative shadow rate and a more extended projection of the future duration of the ZLB episode than models that include only financial data. Also, including the macro data through a standard monetary VAR allows the model to better capture the dynamics of the shift in policy focus towards targeting longer-term yields. Finally, the shadow rate produces a proxy for the stance of policy that suggests the unconventional policy programs achieved a substantial accommodation, in excess of that prescribed by a standard policy rule.
Download or read book Zero Lower Bound Term Structure Modeling written by L. Krippner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nominal yields on government debt in several countries have fallen very near their zero lower bound (ZLB), causing a liquidity trap and limiting the capacity to stimulate economic growth. This book provides a comprehensive reference to ZLB structure modeling in an applied setting.
Download or read book Fiscal Multipliers at the Zero Lower Bound written by Taisuke Nakata and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chicago Plan Revisited written by Mr.Jaromir Benes and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the separation of the monetary and credit functions of the banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following advantages for this plan: (1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank credit and of the supply of bank-created money. (2) Complete elimination of bank runs. (3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt. (4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation no longer requires simultaneous debt creation. We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of Fisher's claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10 percent, and steady state inflation can drop to zero without posing problems for the conduct of monetary policy.
Download or read book Financial Crisis US Unconventional Monetary Policy and International Spillovers written by Qianying Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the impact of the US quantitative easing (QE) on both the emerging and advanced economies, estimating a global vector error-correction model (GVECM) and conducting counterfactual analyses. We focus on the effects of reductions in the US term and corporate spreads. First, US QE measures reducing the US corporate spread appear to be more important than lowering the US term spread. Second, US QE measures might have prevented episodes of prolonged recession and deflation in the advanced economies. Third, the estimated effects on the emerging economies have been diverse but often larger than those recorded in the US and other advanced economies. The heterogeneous effects from US QE measures indicate unevenly distributed benefits and costs.
Download or read book Risk Management for Monetary Policy Near the Zero Lower Bound written by Charles L. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As projections have inflation heading back toward target and the labor market continuing to improve, the Federal Reserve has begun to contemplate an increase in the federal funds rate. There is however substantial uncertainty around these projections. How should this uncertainty affect monetary policy? In many standard models uncertainty has no effect. In this paper, we demonstrate that the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates implies that the central bank should adopt a looser policy when there is uncertainty. In the current context this result implies that a delayed liftoff is optimal. We demonstrate this result theoretically in two canonical macroeconomic models. Using numerical simulations of our models, calibrated to the current environment, we find optimal policy calls for 2 to 3 quarters delay in liftoff relative to a policy that does not take into account uncertainty about policy being constrained by the ZLB. We then use a narrative study of Federal Reserve communications and estimated policy reaction functions to show that risk management is a longstanding practice in the conduct of monetary policy.
Download or read book Monetary Policy Normalization written by Paolo Savona and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-18 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the pickup of inflation at the end of 2021 and monetary policy shifts by the world's major central banks, this book examines interrelated issues in the normalization of monetary policy. It covers topics including the role of technological innovations such as derivatives and cryptocurrencies in monetary and financial management, the role of monetary policy in financial crises (especially public debt), and the major repricing needed for central banks and the global economy. In addition, the book discusses the problem of how flexible money should be and the importance of predictive tools for these decisions, with attention to the advances of languages for scientific research, including those on the workings of the economy. The work addresses the geopolitical and social challenges that have arisen as a result of the invasiveness of monetary policy in its various manifestations in the context of major leading currencies. It is aimed at scholars and students of monetary and financial economics.
Download or read book What does monetary policy do to long term interest rates at the zero lower bound written by Jonathan H. Wright and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal funds rate has been stuck at the zero bound for over two years and the Fed has turned to unconventional monetary policies, such as large scale asset purchases to provide stimulus to the economy. This paper uses a structural VAR with daily data to identify the effects of monetary policy shocks on various longer-term interest rates during this period. The VAR is identified using the assumption that monetary policy shocks are heteroskedastic: monetary policy shocks have especially high variance on days of FOMC meetings and certain speeches, while there is nothing unusual about these days from the perspective of any other shocks to the economy. A complementary high-frequency event-study approach is also used. I find that stimulative monetary policy shocks lower Treasury and corporate bond yields, but the effects die off fairly fast, with an estimated half-life of about two months.
Download or read book Monetary Policy and Financial Stability written by Ioanna T. Kokores and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how monetary policy contributes to the efficient allocation of resources, with special reference made to the contribution of the effective workings of the financial system. It argues that the stability of the financial system promotes the smooth functioning of the payment systems and the effective transmission of monetary policy, thus promoting the achievement of monetary policy objectives. The interrelated issues addressed here include the ways various monetary policy objectives are achieved, their effective presentation to the public, and the strategic role of money growth in the conduct of monetary policy. The analysis underlines the context of financial-market performance in recent decades and the varied central bank responses to the emergence of the global financial crisis. This book constitutes a useful companion to graduate students in economics, researchers and business and central banking practitioners in understanding the unending quest of the shifting roles of money and financial practices to reconcile growth and stability.
Download or read book Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Spring 2012 written by Herman Royer Professor of Political Economy David H Romer and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Brookings Papers on Economic Activity" (BPEA) provides academic and business economists, government officials, and members of the financial and business communities with timely research on current economic issues. Contents - Democratic Change in the Arab World, Past and Present Eric Chaney (Harvard University) - Disentangling the Channels of the 2007-2009 Recession James Stock (Harvard University) and Mark Watson (Princeton University) - Macroeconomic Effects of FOMC Forward Guidance Jeffrey Campbell, Charles Evans, Jonas Fisher, and Alejandro Justiniano (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) - Is the Debt Overhang Holding Back Consumption? Karen Dynan (Brookings Institution) - The Euro's Three Crises Jay Shambaugh (Georgetown University) - Fiscal Policy in a Depressed Economy J. Bradford DeLong (University of California-Berkeley) and Lawrence Summers (Harvard University )
Download or read book Too Low for Too Long Could Extended Periods of Ultra Easy Monetary Policy Have Harmful Effects written by Mr. Etibar Jafarov and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-05-19 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extended periods of ultra-easy monetary policy in advanced economies have rekindled debates about the zombification of weak companies and its impact on resource allocation, economic growth, inflation, and financial stability. Using both firm-level and macroeconomic data, we find that recessions are a critical factor in the rapid increase in the number of zombie firms. Expansionary monetary policy can help reduce zombification when interest rates are at the zero lower bound (ZBL), but a too-accommodative monetary policy for extended periods is associated with a higher probability of zombification. Small and medium enterprises are more likely to become zombie firms. This raises concerns about the sustainability of too-easy monetary policy implementation, especially in countries where growth is lackluster. Our findings imply a tradeoff between conducting a countercyclical monetary policy, which also helps contain the increase in the number of zombie firms in cyclical downturns, and using an expansionary monetary policy for long periods, which may lead to a combination of low interest rates, low growth, and high financial vulnerability. Such a tradeoff is not a concern currently when most countries are tightening their monetary policy stance, but policymakers should be mindful of it during future recessions.
