Download or read book A Role for the Let 7 Primary MicroRNA in Target Gene Recognition and Repression written by Robin Deis Trujillo and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) genes produce three noncoding RNA products: the long primary transcript (pri-miRNA), the ~70 nucleotide pre-miRNA, and the ~22-nt mature miRNA. Only the mature miRNA is considered to be the functional species of a miRNA gene in recognizing cognate target mRNAs and modulating their expression. However, mature miRNAs are processed from the primary transcript through sequential endonucleolytic steps. As a result, the mature miRNA sequence is present in all three RNA products of a miRNA gene. It has thus been intrinsically difficult to determine the contribution of each miRNA gene product to target repression. In fact, direct functional roles for pri- and pre-miRNAs have never been ruled out. Here we show that pri- and pre-miRNAs may not be mere transitory intermediates of mature miRNA biogenesis. We found that ectopic expression of the C. elegans miRNA gene let-7 (cel-let-7) in human culture cells results in the production of truncated pre- and mature miRNAs that lack the first two 5' nucleotides, one of which is the first nucleotide of the miRNA seed region (nucleotide SD1). We found this nucleotide to be required for repression of target reporters by cel-let-7 in these cells, demonstrating that pri-let-7 may have a direct role in target repression. Further, we show that the nucleotide sequence and structure of both the pri-/pre-let-7 loop and stem regions play a key role in miRNA gene function in reporter assays. In vitro and in vivo analyses indicated the significance of these regions may be in the mediation of a physical interaction between pri-let-7 and target RNAs. These observations suggest that regulatory information encoded in the structured pri-miRNAs, but absent from mature miRNAs, could be directly interpreted for target recognition and repression through RNA:RNA interaction. Intriguingly, some mutations in the loop nucleotide sequence also restored processing of the 5' ends of C. elegans pre- and mature let-7 in culture cells, demonstrating that the pri-/pre-miRNA loop region can also regulate the precision of mature miRNA biogenesis. Importantly, in the presence of functional pre- and mature let-7, cel-let-7 activity in target repression consists of both SD1-independent and SD1-dependent components, implying potential contributions by both pri- and mature let-7. Finally, we interrogated the effects of pri-/pre-let-7 loop mutations on their ability to rescue a let-7 loss-of-function mutant phenotype in C. elegans. Our results indicate decreased significance of these parameters in the control of worm vulval development, although context-dependent differences in mature miRNA biogenesis between heterologous culture and live animals may partially explain this discrepancy. Taken together the work presented here reveals a novel layer of regulatory complexity encoded in long primary miRNAs that may have broad implications in understanding the mechanisms by which miRNA genes control target expression.
Download or read book Developmental Timing written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology covers developmental timing, with contributions from an international board of authors. The chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as the timing of developmental programs in Drosophila, temporal patterning of neural progenitors, and environmental modulation of developmental timing.
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Download or read book Plant MicroRNAs written by Stefan de Folter and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume provides a collection of protocols for the study of miRNA functions in plants. Beginning with coverage of miRNA function, biogenesis, activity, and evolution in plants, the book continues by guiding readers through methods on the identification and detection of plant miRNAs, bioinformatic analyses, and strategies for functional analyses of miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant MicroRNAs: Method and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital area of plant science.
Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress written by Constantinos Koumenis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of chapters in this proceeding volume reflects the latest research presented at the Aegean meeting on Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress held in Crete in Fall of 2012. The book provides critical insight to how the tumor microenvironment affects tumor metabolism, cell stemness, cell viability, genomic instability and more. Additional topics include identifying common pathways that are potential candidates for therapeutic intervention, which will stimulate collaboration between groups that are more focused on elucidation of biochemical aspects of stress biology and groups that study the pathophysiological aspects of stress pathways or engaged in drug discovery.
Download or read book MiRNomics written by Malik Yousef and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In miRNomics: MicroRNA Biology and Computational Analysis, expert researchers in the field present an overview of the current state of the art and aim to put the respective areas of research into a larger perspective. These include methods and techniques ranging from miRNA biogenesis, their biological function, computational analyses to their medical implications and applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, miRNomics: MicroRNA Biology and Computational Analysis seeks to aid scientists in the further study into miRNA research and statistics.
Download or read book Hormones Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Download or read book Bioinformatics in MicroRNA Research written by Jingshan Huang and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough volume provides an in-depth introduction to and discussion of microRNAs (miRs) and their targets, miR functions, and computational techniques applied in miR research, thus serving the need for a comprehensive book focusing on miR target genes, miR regulation mechanisms, miR functions performed in various human diseases, and miR databases/knowledgebases. Without prior knowledge of the area of study, computational biologists, computer scientists, bioinformaticians, bench biologists, as well as clinical investigators will find it easy to follow the techniques in this collection. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice that ensures successful results. Accessible and practical, Bioinformatics in MicroRNA Research functions as an ideal guide for researchers of all backgrounds to explore this vital area of study.
Download or read book Circulating MicroRNAs written by Takahiro Ochiya and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
Download or read book Nutrigenomics and Proteomics in Health and Disease written by Martin Kussmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a revised second edition, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics in Health and Disease brings together the very latest science based upon nutrigenomics and proteomics in food and health. Coverage includes many important nutraceuticals and their impact on gene interaction and health. Authored by an international team of multidisciplinary researchers, this book acquaints food and nutrition professionals with these new fields of nutrition research and conveys the state of the science to date. Thoroughly updated to reflect the most current developments in the field, the second edition includes six new chapters covering gut health and the personal microbiome; gut microbe-derived bioactive metabolites; proteomics and peptidomics in nutrition; gene selection for nutrigenomic studies; gene-nutrient network analysis, and nutrigenomics to nutritional systems biology. An additional five chapters have also been significantly remodelled. The new text includes a rethinking of in vitro and in vivo models with regard to their translatability into human phenotypes, and normative science methods and approaches have been complemented by more comprehensive systems biology-based investigations, deploying a multitude of omic platforms in an integrated fashion. Innovative tools and methods for statistical treatment and biological network analysis are also now included.
Download or read book MicroRNAs written by Krishnarao Appasani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-20 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules, conserved by evolution, that regulate gene expressions and their recent discovery is revolutionising both basic biomedical research and drug discovery. Expression levels of MiRNAs have been found to vary between tissues and with developmental stages and hence evaluation of the global expression of miRNAs potentially provides opportunities to identify regulatory points for many different biological processes. This wide-ranging reference work, written by leading experts from both academia and industry, will be an invaluable resource for all those wishing to use miRNA techniques in their own research, from graduate students, post-docs and researchers in academia to those working in R&D in biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies who need to understand this emerging technology. From the discovery of miRNAs and their functions to their detection and role in disease biology, this volume uniquely integrates the basic science with industry application towards drug validation, diagnostic and therapeutic development. Forewords by: Sidney Altman, Yale University, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1989 and Victor R. Ambros, Dartmouth Medical School, Co-discoverer of MicroRNAs
Download or read book RNA Biology written by Gunter Meister and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with biologists, biochemists and other molecular scientists in mind, this volume meets the long-felt need for a textbook dedicated to the topic and recreates the excitement surrounding the scientific revolution sparked by the discovery of RNA interference in 1998. Students and instructors alike will profit from the author's exclusive first-hand knowledge, drawing on his breakthrough discoveries at the Tuschl lab at Rockefeller University. Gunter Meister abandons the traditionalist treatment of nucleic acids found in most biochemistry and molecular biology texts, adopting instead a modern approach in both concept and scope. The text is divided into three parts, on mRNA, non-coding RNA, and RNomics, and the author addresses the traditional roles of RNA in the transmission and regulation of genetic information, as well as the recently discovered functions of small RNA species in pathogen defense, cell differentiation and higher-level genomic regulation. All set to become the standard for teaching molecular science to biologists and biochemists.
Download or read book MicroRNA Profiling written by Sweta Rani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition provides updated and comprehensive methods on miRNA biogenesis and their role in the development and progression of various human diseases. Chapters detail miRNA biogenesis, isolating RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating miRNAs, analyzing miRNA and miRDeep-P2, protocols for total RNA isolation from cells, cell-derived products, isolation and characterization of exosomes, serum, plasma specimens, and software tools. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, MicroRNA Profiling: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to provide comprehensive and accessible methods to undergraduate, graduate, and established scientist.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Kidney Disease written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.
Download or read book Research on Melanoma written by Mandi Murph and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-12 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Research on Melanoma: A Glimpse into Current Directions and Future Trends, is divided into sections to represent the most cutting-edge topics in melanoma from around the world. The emerging epigenetics of disease, novel therapeutics under development and the molecular signaling aberrations are explained in detail. Since there are a number of areas in which unknowns exist surrounding the complex development of melanoma and its response to therapy, this book illuminates and comprehensively discusses such aspects. It is relevant for teaching the novice researcher who wants to initiate projects in melanoma and the more senior researcher seeking to polish their existing knowledge in this area. Many chapters include visuals and illustrations designed to easily guide the reader through the ideas presented.
Download or read book Regulation of microRNAs written by Helge Großhans and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given this pervasiveness and importance of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, it should come as little surprise that miRNAs themselves are also highly regulated. However, the recent explosion of knowledge on this topic has been remarkable, providing a primary motivation for publication of this book. As miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, the enzyme that also generates mRNAs, it was perhaps not unexpected that miRNA transcription would be subject to regulation, and we have willfully mitted this aspect from this monograph. However, what has been unexpected is the extent of post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs that is illustrated in this book.
Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
