Download or read book Making the Work Based Safety Net Work Better written by Carolyn J. Heinrich and published by . This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines eight areas of the safety net where families are falling through and describes how current policies and institutions could evolve to enhance the self-sufficiency of low-income families. Shows that the "work first" approach alone isn't working and suggests how the social welfare system might be modified to produce greater gains for vulnerable families.
Download or read book The Social Safety Net Reexamined written by Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs. Safety Net Reexamined Policy Research Project and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Protective Power of the U S Safety Net written by Elira Kuka and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on understanding how government policies such as the Unemployment Insurance (UI) and the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) help buffer economic shocks due to job loss or recessions. The Unemployment Insurance (UI) program was the largest safety net program during the Great Recession, providing cash benefits to more than 10 million individuals who lost their jobs during this period. While the literature of the effects of UI on job search and unemployment duration has been extensive, and particularly active since the Great Recession, research on the benefits of the program on individual wellbeing has been limited. Given that understanding these potential benefits is key to designing the optimal level of UI benefits, the first two chapters of my dissertation focus on empirically quantifying such benefits. Chapter 1, joint with Chloe N. East, extends Gruber's (1997) pioneering work on the food consumption smoothing benefits of UI by adding data from the last two decades of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), a period during which the economy and the safety net underwent many changes. Our results show that, while the food consumption smoothing effects of UI are strong in the 1970s and the 1980s, consistent with Gruber (1997), these effects are smaller in the last two decades. We find new evidence that the protective effects of UI are strongest during recessions, and that the 1990s decline in UI's protective effects is in part driven by the decrease in average UI program generosity. Finally, we find no evidence that this decline is driven by other factors, such as changes in other safety net programs, changes in selection into unemployment, or changes in the fraction of income that families spend on food. Chapter 2 analyzes the health status, health utilization, and risky behaviors of displaced individuals. Given that job loss has been associated with decreased health and increased mortality, this paper uses the 1993-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to empirically estimate whether UI generosity mitigates any of the negative health effects of job loss. The empirical strategy relies on exploiting variation in the generosity of UI benefits caused by exogenous changes in state UI laws, similar to Gruber (1997). The results show higher UI generosity increases health insurance coverage and health utilization and improves self-reported health. Moreover, I find that these effects are stronger during periods of high unemployment rates. Finally, I find no effects on healthy or risky behaviors, nor on health conditions such as diabetes and blood pressure. Finally, Chapter 3 (joint with Marianne Bitler and Hilary Hoynes) analyzes the response to business cycles of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). The U.S. safety net has undergone a dramatic transformation in the past fifteen years, with a substantial increase in "in-work" assistance through the EITC. Thus we evaluate whether the EITC satisfies a defining feature of a safety net program -- that it responds to economic need. In particular, we explore how EITC participation and expenditures change with the business cycle, which is theoretically ambiguous since the EITC requires positive earned income. We use administrative IRS data from 1996--2008, and our results show that higher unemployment rates lead to higher EITC caseloads for married couples, but not for single individuals. These patterns are consistent with static labor supply theory, and how economic shocks are likely to affect one versus two-earner households.
Download or read book Hearing to Assess Impact of Recent Changes to Programs Assisting Low income Families written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Income Security and Family Support and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Social Safety Net for America s Children written by Suzanne Macartney and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saving Social Security written by Peter A. Diamond and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diamond (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Orszag (Brookings Institution) present a proposal for reforming Social Security that balances benefit reductions with revenue enhancements. Following the precedent set by the last major reform in the early 1980s, the plan seeks to restore long-term
Download or read book Strengths of the Safety Net written by Kathryn Porter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Safety Net and Families Outcomes written by Chloe Noelle East and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social safety net in the U.S. is made up of a patchwork of programs designed to address various consequences of poverty. This dissertation is comprised of three chapters, in which I examine the effects of these safety net programs on their recipients. In Chapter 1, I quantify the effects of the Food Stamp program on children's health. Food Stamps is currently one of the largest safety net programs in the United States and almost one out of every four children receives benefits from the program, but the effects of Food Stamps were largely unknown because it is a federal program with little quasi-experimental variation to exploit to causally identify it's effects. I take advantage of changes in immigrant families' eligibility across states and over time to examine how access to Food Stamps before a child turns age 5 affects their health outcomes in the medium-run. I find that an additional year of access in early-life leads to large improvements in health at ages 6-16. In Chapter 2, joint with Elira Kuka, I examine the benefits of another large and important safety net program--Unemployment Insurance. While the moral hazard effects of this program have been extensively documented, we examine the consumption smoothing benefits of this program. We document significant heterogeneity in these consumption smoothing effects over time and attribute this primarily to changes in overall economic conditions as well as changes in the generosity of the program over time. In Chapter 3, I turn to the moral hazard costs of the Food Stamp program as these are important to quantify in addition to the benefits of the program. Taking advantage of changes in immigrant families' eligibility for Food Stamps across states and over time I find evidence of the presence of moral hazard through reductions in labor supply. The margins of the response are heterogeneous across demographic groups based on gender and marital status and are consistent with the predictions of traditional labor supply theory.
Download or read book The Social Safety Net written by United States Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social safety net: impact of the recession and of the Recovery Act : hearing before the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, December 9, 2009.
Download or read book Supplemental Security Income for Children with Disabilities written by Pamela J. Loprest and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Linked Survey and Administrative Data to Better Measure Income written by Bruce D. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the consequences of underreporting of transfer programs in household survey data for several prototypical analyses of low-income populations. We focus on the Current Population Survey (CPS), the source of official poverty and inequality statistics. We link administrative data for food stamps, TANF, General Assistance, and subsidized housing from New York State to the CPS at the household level. Program receipt in the CPS is missed for over one-third of housing assistance recipients, over 40 percent of food stamp recipients and over 60 percent of TANF and General Assistance recipients. Dollars of benefits are also undercounted for reporting recipients, particularly for TANF, General Assistance and housing benefits. We find that the survey sharply understates the income of poor households. Underreporting in the survey data also greatly understates the effects of anti-poverty programs and changes our understanding of program targeting, often making it seem that welfare programs are less targeted to both the very poorest and middle-income households than they are. Using the combined data rather than survey data alone, the poverty reducing effect of all programs together is nearly doubled while the effect of housing assistance is tripled. We also re-examine the coverage of the safety net, specifically the share of people without work or program receipt. Using the administrative measures of program receipt rather than the survey ones often reduces the share of single mothers falling through the safety net by one-half or more.
Download or read book Rethinking Social Assistance Policy to Reflect Modern Socio Economic Realities written by Lauren Christie Black and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Social Safety Net Programs Millions of Full time Workers Rely on Federal Health Care and Food Assistance Programs Report to the Ranking Member Committee on the Budget U S Senate written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immigrants Welfare Reform and the U S Safety Net written by Marianne P. Bitler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the 1996 federal welfare reform law many of the central safety net programs in the U.S. eliminated eligibility for legal immigrants, who had been previously eligible on the same terms as citizens. These dramatic cutbacks affected eligibility not only for cash welfare assistance for families with children, but also for food stamps, Medicaid, SCHIP, and SSI. In this paper, we comprehensively examine the status of the U.S. safety net for immigrants and their family members. We document the policy changes that affected immigrant eligibility for these programs and use the CPS for 1995-2010 to analyze trends in program participation, income, and poverty among immigrants (and natives). We pay particular attention to the recent period and examine how immigrants and their children are faring in the "Great Recession" with an eye toward revealing how these policy changes have affected the success of the safety net in protecting this population.
Download or read book Safety Net Programs and Economic Hardship written by Vivekananda Das and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of households in the United States experience economic hardship at some point every year. Safety net programs, operated at the federal and state levels, aim to alleviate the hardship experienced by these households. While the existing literature provides strong evidence of the efficacy of different programs in reducing indirect indicators of hardship, there has been less focus on the impact of these programs on how the eligible individuals directly evaluate their hardship.This dissertation contributes to the literature by focusing on the impact of safety net programs on the hardship evaluated by eligible individuals and how these evaluations vary over time. It specifically examines two types of programs: public health insurance expansion and cash assistance provided through the tax system. The research utilizes data from the National Financial Capability Study and Household Pulse Survey and employs quasi-experimental methods to explore the relationship between program eligibility and hardship evaluations by the eligible. The findings suggest that, along with substantially increasing health insurance coverage and reducing unpaid medical bills, the 2014 Medicaid expansions were associated with a decrease in the difficulty eligible individuals perceived with usual expenses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the findings suggest that the availability of Earned Income Tax Credit at the state level was linked to a reduction in food insufficiency evaluated by the eligible during the pandemic. The findings also indicate that the single-item 7-day food insufficiency measure available in the Household Pulse Survey is a valid indicator of economic hardship and can be helpful in tracking how emerging issues and policy actions impact the hardship evaluated by people. Overall, the findings of this dissertation provide a more nuanced understanding of how safety net programs impact the economic hardship experienced by resource-constrained households in the United States.
Download or read book Achieving Sustainable Development and Promoting Development Cooperation written by Department of Economic & Social Affairs and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the key debates that took place during the Economic and Social Council meetings at the 2007 High-level Segment, at which ECOSOC organized its first biennial Development Cooperation Forum. The discussions also revolved around the theme of the second Annual Ministerial Review, "Implementing the internationally agreed goals and commitments in regard to sustainable development."--P. 4 of cover.
Download or read book Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action written by Miria A. Pigato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
