Download or read book A Rapid Method for Measuring Local Groundwater surface Water Interactions and Identifying Potential Non point Source Pollution Inputs to Rivers written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture in the Central Valley of California is a potential contributor of non-point source pollution to surface waters via the groundwater pathway. This work presents a relatively simple method and inexpensive apparatus for quantifying local groundwater discharge into rivers using heat as a tracer. Two transects along a known gaining reach of the Lower Merced River were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the groundwater discharge monitoring instruments, known as Temperature Javelins, over three months. In terms of fulfilling deployment objectives, Temperature Javelins proved to be low cost, easy to install, and yielded easily interpretable data related to groundwater-surface water discharges. Groundwater discharge velocities were found to vary over time seasonally and spatially (on a scale of meters). Discharges ranged from 0.1 to 6.8 cm/day with higher discharge velocities found on the northern side of the river. These values are consistent with previous values obtained at the same site using other methods. Corresponding hyporheic water samples were collected to investigate solute transport (specifically nitrate) by the discharging water. Nitrate concentrations ranged from nondetectable to 50 ppm in these samples, where elevated values appear to be associated with groundwater entering on the north side of the river. Elevated nitrate flow lines in the hyporheic zone correspond with high discharge areas and alternate with ammonium enriched columns and low groundwater discharge. It is hypothesized that nitrification cells are induced by groundwater-surface water interactions. Testing of this hypothesis is proposed as a subject of further research.

Download or read book Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams written by Thibault Datry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management takes an internationally broad approach, seeking to compare and contrast findings across multiple continents, climates, flow regimes, and land uses to provide a complete and integrated perspective on the ecology of these ecosystems. Coupled with this, users will find a discussion of management approaches applicable in different regions that are illustrated with relevant case studies. In a readable and technically accurate style, the book utilizes logically framed chapters authored by experts in the field, allowing managers and policymakers to readily grasp ecological concepts and their application to specific situations. Provides up-to-date reviews of research findings and management strategies using international examples Explores themes and parallels across diverse sub-disciplines in ecology and water resource management utilizing a multidisciplinary and integrative approach Reveals the relevance of this scientific understanding to managers and policymakers

Download or read book Methods for Identifying and Evaluating the Nature and Extent of Nonpoint Sources of Pollutants written by Midwest Research Institute (Kansas City, Mo.) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rapid Assessment of Potential Ground water Contamination Under Emergency Response Conditions written by Anthony S. Donigian (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water written by Donald O. Rosenberry and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the use and development of our Nation's surface - and ground-water resources has increased significantly during the past 50 years. This work discusses field techniques for estimating water fluxes.

Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.

Download or read book Determining the Spatial Distribution of Groundwater and Surface Water Exchange Using Heat as a Tracer written by Jeremy Crowley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude, location, and timing of groundwater and surface water (GWSW) interaction (both as groundwater discharge and hyporheic cycling) in streams have implications stream ecosystems, nutrient and contaminant reactions, and stream restoration work. In many areas of the world, high phosphorus and nitrate agricultural runoff is a large threat to water quality. The study location, Elton Creek in Cattaraugus County, NY, is located in glacial outwash sediments and is typical of streams in the Great Lakes watershed. We evaluate four general controls of the indicators (stream morphology, stream gradient, bank slope, and in-stream features) of groundwater/surface water (GWSW) interaction using an analytical GIS model of groundwater discharge.^In order to identify locations of GWSW interaction along a 500 m stream reach, a variety of methods were used (including differential streamflow gaging, solute tracers (or channel water balance), and distributed temperature sensor (DTS) monitoring. . A GIS analytical model based on the superimposed indicators was compared to the DTS standard deviation in stream temperature derived gaining and losing portions of the stream. The relative correlation of the individual indicators with groundwater discharge areas was identified for the studied section. It was found that the superposition of indicators was able to delineate areas of groundwater discharge with increasing accuracy. The GIS model of the mapped locations of superimposed indicators is expected to be applicable in a wide range of stream systems to locate areas of potential groundwater discharge, groundwater contaminant discharge, and biogeochemical hotspots.^In addition to identifying the spatial location of groundwater discharge we applied a coupled heat/mass balance model to DTS stream temperature to determine the location and magnitude of groundwater discharge at high spatial resolution. Previous studies using heat/mass balance modeling of GWSW interaction have either averaged temperature over time and distance, or used multiple parameters which are difficult to quantify. We used a simple heat/mass balance model to determine high spatiotemporal resolution groundwater discharge from DTS stream temperature. A rating curve was developed establishing the relationship between head and stream discharge at cross sections using stilling wells with pressure transducers. The upstream discharge was used as the initial condition (for each time step) to model the groundwater discharge at the study location. Additional downstream discharges were used to determine the effectiveness of the model to predict stream discharge.^In this case, it was found that the measurement error in temperature and stream discharge was greater than the variation in predicted downstream streamflow. In addition, the volume of groundwater discharge was not substantial enough to significantly evaluate the model prediction. We suggest that this methodology would be more appropriately applied in shallow streams, with known significant groundwater inputs, and dynamic stream discharge over the studied section.

Download or read book Assessing Ground water Vulnerability to Contamination written by Michael J. Focazio and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chesapeake Bay written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating Groundwater written by Ian Acworth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating Groundwater provides an integrated approach to the challenges associated with locating groundwater. Uniquely, the book provides a review of the wide range of techniques that can be deployed to investigate this important resource. Many of the practical examples given are based upon Australian experience but the methods have worldwide applicability. The book is published in colour and includes many original diagrams and photographs. Particular effort has been made to provide consistent terminology and SI units are used throughout the text Investigating Groundwater starts with an introduction to the historical significance of groundwater and gives an account of climate change. A description of the occurrence of groundwater in different rock types is then provided. A detailed account of surface water techniques is then followed by an account of the interconnections between surface water and groundwater. Four chapters describing groundwater hydraulics are then followed by four chapters describing the latest geophysical techniques. Once the best location of a borehole is determined using these techniques; chapters then describe appropriate drilling methods to use; provide a wide ranging review of geophysical logging, hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, before concluding with a detailed description of groundwater flow to a well. Written for a worldwide audience of degree level geology/engineering practitioners, academics and students involved in groundwater resource investigation methods; Investigating Groundwater is essential reading for those involved in groundwater research. Key Features: Presents the theoretical background and a detailed description of the techniques used in the investigation of groundwater. Describes the general occurrence of groundwater in different rock types; surface water hydrology and interconnected surface and groundwater systems. Provides detailed descriptions of geophysical techniques (seismic, electrical, gravity and heat) and an account of available geophysical logging methods. Reviews hydrochemical and isotope methods, followed by an account of drilling techniques. Gives a detailed account of radial flow to a well, including appropriate modelling and pump-testing techniques and a consideration of non-linear flow. Of interest to anyone involved in the development of groundwater resources, either for domestic supply, for agriculture or for mining.

Download or read book Biological Indicators of Ground Water surface Water Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Karst Aquifers Characterization and Engineering written by Zoran Stevanović and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical training guidebook makes an important contribution to karst hydrogeology. It presents supporting material for academic courses worldwide that include this and similar topics. It is an excellent sourcebook for students and other attendees of the International Karst School: Characterization and Engineering of Karst Aquifers, which opened in Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina in 2014 and which will be organized every year in early summer. As opposed to more theoretical works, this is a catalog of possible engineering interventions in karst and their implications. Although the majority of readers will be professionals with geology/hydrogeology backgrounds, the language is not purely technical making it accessible to a wider audience. This means that the methodology, case studies and experiences presented will also benefit water managers working in karst environments.

Download or read book A Prototype Computer interactive Groundwater Monitoring Methodology written by Lorne G. Everett and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Groundwater Management written by Anthony J Jakeman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to document for the first time the dimensions and requirements of effective integrated groundwater management (IGM). Groundwater management is a formidable challenge, one that remains one of humanity’s foremost priorities. It has become a largely non-renewable resource that is overexploited in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, the issue moves from how to simply obtain the water we need to how we manage it sustainably for future generations, future economies, and future ecosystems. The focus then becomes one of understanding the drivers and current state of the groundwater resource, and restoring equilibrium to at-risk aquifers. Many interrelated dimensions, however, come to bear when trying to manage groundwater effectively. An integrated approach to groundwater necessarily involves many factors beyond the aquifer itself, such as surface water, water use, water quality, and ecohydrology. Moreover, the science by itself can only define the fundamental bounds of what is possible; effective IGM must also engage the wider community of stakeholders to develop and support policy and other socioeconomic tools needed to realize effective IGM. In order to demonstrate IGM, this book covers theory and principles, embracing: 1) an overview of the dimensions and requirements of groundwater management from an international perspective; 2) the scale of groundwater issues internationally and its links with other sectors, principally energy and climate change; 3) groundwater governance with regard to principles, instruments and institutions available for IGM; 4) biophysical constraints and the capacity and role of hydroecological and hydrogeological science including water quality concerns; and 5) necessary tools including models, data infrastructures, decision support systems and the management of uncertainty. Examples of effective, and failed, IGM are given. Throughout, the importance of the socioeconomic context that connects all effective IGM is emphasized. Taken as a whole, this work relates the many facets of effective IGM, from the catchment to global perspective.

Download or read book Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Radiocarbon Method and Multi tracer Approach to Quantifying Groundwater Discharge to Coastal Waters written by Carolyn M. Gramling and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater discharge into estuaries and the coastal ocean is an important mechanism for the transport of dissolved chemical species to coastal waters. Because many dissolved species are present in groundwater in concentrations that are orders of magnitude higher than typical river concentrations, groundwater-borne nutrients and pollutants can have a substantial impact on the chemistry and biology of estuaries and the coastal ocean. However, direct fluxes of groundwater into the coastal ocean (submarine groundwater discharge, or SGD) can be difficult to quantify. Geochemical tracers of groundwater discharge can reflect the cumulative SGD flux from numerous small, widely dispersed, and perhaps ephemeral sources such as springs, seeps, and diffuse discharge. The natural radiocarbon content (DELTA 14C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was developed as a tracer of fresh, terrestrially driven fluxes from confined aquifers. This DELTA 14C method was tested during five sampling periods from November 1999 to April 2002 in two small estuaries in southeastern North Carolina. In coastal North Carolina, fresh water artesian discharge is characterized by a low DELTA 14C signature acquired from the carbonate aquifer rock. Mixing models were used to evaluate the inputs from potential sources of DIC-DELTA 14C to each estuary, including seawater, springs, fresh water stream inputs, and salt marsh respiration DIC additions. These calculations showed that artesian discharge dominated the total fresh water input to these estuaries during nearly all sampling periods. These new DELTA 14C-based SGD estimates were compared with groundwater flux estimates derived from radium isotopes and from radon-222. It is clear that these tracers reflect different components of the total SGD. This multi-tracer approach provides a comprehensive assessment of the various components contributing to the total SGD.

Download or read book Semi analytical Methods for Simulating the Groundwater surface Water Interface written by Ali A. Ameli and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater-surface water interaction is a key component of the hydrologic cycle. This interaction plays a key role in many environmental issues such as the impacts of land use and climate change on water availability and water quality. Modeling of local and regional groundwater-surface water interactions improves understanding of these environmental issues and assists in addressing them. Because of the physical and mathematical complexities of this interaction, numerical approaches are generally used to model water exchange between subsurface and surface domains. The efficiency, accuracy, and stability of mesh-based numerical models, however, depend upon the resolution of the underlying grid or mesh. Grid-free analytical methods can provide fast, accurate, continuous and differentiable solutions to groundwater-surface water interaction problems. These solutions exactly satisfy mass balance in the entire internal domain and may improve our understanding of groundwater-surface water interaction principles. However, to model this interaction, analytical approaches typically required simplifying, sometimes unrealistic, assumptions. They are typically used to implement linearized mathematical models in homogenous confined or semi-confined aquifers with geometrically regular domains. By benefiting from the strengths of both analytical and numerical approaches, grid-free semi-analytical methods may be able to address more challenging groundwater problems which have been out of reach of traditional analytical approaches, and/or are poorly simulated using mesh-based numerical methods. Here, novel 2-D and 3-D semi-analytical solutions for the simulation of mathematically and physically complex groundwater-surface water interaction problems are developed, assessed and applied. Those models are based upon the series solution method and analytic element method (AEM) and are intended to address groundwater-surface water interactions induced by pumping wells and/or the presence of surface water bodies in naturally complex stratified unconfined aquifers. Semi-analytical solutions are obtained using the least squares method, which is used to determine the unknown coefficients in the series expansion and the unknown strengths of analytic elements. The series and AEM solutions automatically satisfy the groundwater governing equation. Hence, the resulting solutions are exact over the entire domain except along boundaries and layer interfaces where boundary and continuity conditions are met with high precision. A robust iterative algorithm is used to implement a free boundary condition along the phreatic surface with a priori unknown location. This thesis addresses three general problem types never addressed within a semi-analytic framework. First, a steady-state free boundary semi-analytical series solutions model is developed to simulate 2-D saturated-unsaturated flow in geometrically complex stratified unconfined aquifers. The saturated-unsaturated flow is controlled by water exchange along the land surface (e.g., evapotranspiration and infiltration) and the presence of surface water bodies. The water table and capillary fringe are allowed to intersect stratigraphic interfaces. The capillary fringe zone, unsaturated zone, groundwater zone and their interactions are incorporated with a high degree of accuracy. This model is used to assess the influences of important factors on unsaturated flow behavior and the water table elevation. Second, a 3-D free boundary semi-analytical series solution model is developed to simulate groundwater-surface water interaction controlled by infiltration, seepage faces and surface water bodies along the land surface. This model can simulate the water exchange between groundwater and surface water in geometrically complex stratified phreatic (unconfined) aquifers. The a priori unknown phreatic surface will be obtained iteratively while the locations of seepage faces don't have to be known a priori (i.e., this is a constrained free boundary problem).