Download or read book A Preliminary Sustainability Analysis of Producing Class A Biosolids with Conventional and Low Cost Low Tech Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Producing Class A biosolids is a beneficial way to reuse wastewater sludge. Low-cost, low-tech (LCLT) processes are attractive to small water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) because of their low capital costs and simple designs. This study examined the sustainability of conventional and LCLT processes at small WRRFs. The environmental impacts were determined by conducting life cycle assessments. Cost analyses determined the economic impacts. The social impacts were analyzed by investigating case studies and surveys of social response to biosolids. The environmental, economic, and social impacts were normalized, and each technology received an overall score. The technologies studied were direct heat drying, composting, lagoon storage, air drying, and TPAD. Preliminary results indicated that composting, direct heat drying and lagoon storage had the most significant environmental impacts. The majority of impacts are from biogenic emissions. Composting and direct heat drying scored the worst overall while air drying and TPAD scored the best.
Download or read book Pilot Scale Study of Low Tech Methods of Sustainable Class A Biosolids Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Water resource recovery facilities can improve sustainability by producing Class A biosolids. However, many conventional methods for achieving Class A biosolids are expensive, with high maintenance and energy costs. However, low-cost, low-tech (LCLT) treatment methods are also available. The overall goal of the larger project of which this study was a part is to develop a rational and universal approach for design of LCLT processes. To achieve this goal, pilot-scale studies of LCLT processes will be performed. The goal of this portion of the project was to perform a trial run pilot-scale study. During the trial run, the pilot-scale biosolids storage boxes were constructed. Methods were also developed for monitoring the environmental conditions, and the analytical methods and associated quality control were developed. Data collected during the trial run demonstrated reasonable trends and were also used to improve the methods for application to the full pilot-scale study.
Download or read book Producing Class A Biosolids With Low Cost Low Technology Treatment Processes written by J. B. Farrell and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-08-31 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Class A biosolids can be produced using low-cost, low-technology biosolids treatment processes including lagoon storage, air drying, and cake storage. This project reviewed the available literature and municipal agency data about these processes. This report presents design and operating guidelines distilled from the review process. It is designed for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) managers, operators, and engineers who wish to discern whether these processes, used alone or in combination, might be practically applied at specific plants. This report also describes the U.S. regulatory environment in relation to producing Class A Biosolids and defining Class A processes. It also presents a list of recommended research needs. This report: Familiarizes WWTP managers, operators, and engineers with low-cost, low-technology biosolids treatment processes, likely pathogen kill mechanisms, and practices that have reduced pathogen densities to Class A levels at scales ranging from laboratory tests to large municipal biosolids treatment operations. Presents guidelines for producing Class A biosolids under a variety of conditions. Describes low-technology treatment processes within the Class A regulatory framework, identifies satisfactory end conditions for products created from low-tech treatment processes, and provides guidance in developing national or site-specific certification as processes equivalent to a process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP).
Download or read book Producing Class a Biosolids with Low cost Low technology Treatment Processes written by Joseph B. Farrell and published by Water Environment Federation. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biosolids Treatment Processes written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-17 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of Biosolids Treatment Processes, is to cover entire environmental fields. These include air and noise pollution control, solid waste processing and resource recovery, physicochemical treatment processes, biological treatment processes, biosolids management, water resources, natural control processes, radioactive waste disposal and thermal pollution control. It also aims to employ a multimedia approach to environmental pollution control.
Download or read book Biosolids Engineering and Management written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of methods of practical design, calculation and numerical examples that illustrate how organized, analytical reasoning can lead to the discovery of clear, direct solutions to pollution especially in the areas of biosolids management, treatment, disposal and beneficial use. The book contains an extensive collection of detailed design examples and case histories, and a distinguished panel of authors provides insight into a range of topics.
Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.
Download or read book High rate Anaerobic Digestion of Ozonated Biosolids at Low Mesophilic Temperature in a Single stage Treatment Process written by Zeinab Bakhshijooybari and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The production and disposal of biosolids by municipal wastewater treatment infrastructures represent an economic burden to plant operators considering that annual cost of biosolids is approximately 50% of their total operational cost. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most widely used processes to treat biosolids and has the benefit of producing valuable energy. Conventionally, anaerobic digesters are operated at 35 oC to overcome the rate-limiting step of hydrolysis. However, the energy expenditure for heating up the anaerobic digester system is significant. This study assessed the feasibility of operating anaerobic digesters at low mesophilic temperature (20 oC) by combining them with sludge ozonation. An initial investigation consisted of operating three anaerobic reactors for 350 days. The findings showed that performing solids ozonation prior to anaerobic digestion at 20 oC led to a higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) destruction of 35% than conventional anaerobic digestion at 35 oC with raw sludge. The methane production was also enhanced from 200.5 mL CH4/g VSSin to 232.1 mL CH4/g VSSin for the 35 oC digester without sludge ozonation. Biochemical methane potential (BMPs) assays were used to determine the extent of solids degradation induced by ozonated feedstocks and compare the kinetics of methane yield and maximum methane production rate between anaerobic digestion under conventional conditions (35 °C) and low mesophilic temperature (20 °C) using ozonated waste activated sludge (WAS) and anaerobic digestate (AD). A higher methane yield was obtained at both temperatures for the batch system using ozonated substrates compared to non-ozonated feed. Further insights were gained by operating four lab-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) to study the effect of sludge pretreatment by ozonation and low mesophilic temperature (20 oC) on anaerobic digestion. The hybrid system combining sludge ozonation at low mesophilic temperature (20 oC) was found to display a better digester performance with an enhanced volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction by 20% and biogas production by 29% as compared to conventional anaerobic digestion at 35 °C with untreated sludge. Variation in solids retention time (SRT) clearly affected the reactor performance due to accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at low SRTs. Decoupling the SRT from the hydraulic retention time (HRT) significantly improved the VSS reduction and methane yield at low temperature. Microbial community analyses showed discernible differences in bacterial and archaeal populations between the studied anaerobic digesters. Shortening of SRT was found to induce the hydrogenotrophic pathway while decoupling the SRT from the HRT favoured the acetoclastic pathway for methane production. Plant-wide modeling showed that integrating sludge ozonation imparted added benefits to anaerobic digestion including feasibility at low mesophilic temperature (20 oC), enhanced digester performance in terms of VSS reduction and biogas production, higher energetic sustainability and reduced carbon footprint and operational cost, than conventional anaerobic digestion at 35 oC"--
Download or read book Biosolids Treatment and Management written by Mark J. Girovich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-02-29 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work details the economic, regulatory and environmental protection issues related to biosolids management and use. It evaluates current treatment technologies and management strategies for the beneficial utilization of municipal wastewater residuals. Cost information regarding the relative economic merits of special reuse and disposal methods,
Download or read book Pathogen and Indicator Organism Inactivation and Quantification for Low Cost Low Tech Biosolids Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Biosolids are a by-product of municipal wastewater treatment which, when treated to reduce pathogens, can be land applied as a fertilizer. Class A biosolids must contain low pathogen levels and are unrestricted in their use. This thesis describes methods to identify pathogen and indicator organism (PIO) inactivation mechanisms and PIO inactivation rates for use in low-cost low-tech Class A processes. Procedures to control the levels of spiked bacteria and viruses, total solids, volatile fatty acids, pH, and temperature in biosolids are described for their use in laboratory experiments. Methods for coliphage in biosolids as a surrogate for total enteric viruses are also presented. The two-step enrichment method yields a most probable number estimate of coliphages and was found to have minimal interference from solids, limit background bacteria interference, and may be a useful process monitoring tool at wastewater treatment facilities.
Download or read book Environmental Regulations and Technology written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biosolids Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treated sludge, known as biosolids, is widely produced in many countries. Once treated properly, sludge has economic and environmental value due to its high concentration of organic nutrients, which make it valuable for use as fertilizer in agriculture. This booklet gives a general overview of the wastewater treatment process, as well as of the production of biosolids and their utilization in agriculture. It is meant to help decision-makers who are considering this approach to solving the problem of sludge disposal.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Sludge Treatment and Disposal written by Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Treatment and Disposal is the sixth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The book covers in a clear and informative way the sludge characteristics, production, treatment (thickening, dewatering, stabilisation, pathogens removal) and disposal (land application for agricultural purposes, sanitary landfills, landfarming and other methods). Environmental and public health issues are also fully described. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors
Download or read book Material Flow Optimization and Systems Analysis for Biosolids Management written by Kieran Jonah Sikdar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Businesses, communities, managers, politicians and others face difficult management and operational decisions due to escalating energy prices and heightened awareness of the social and ecological impacts of industrial activities. The development and application of EcoFlow[TM], a material flow optimization tool, represents a novel use of operations research and network theory to facilitate such decision making by synthesizing financial, environmental and technical material processing data. This tool provides a general framework to solve a broad variety of resource and waste management problems. EcoFlow[TM] has been utilized to model municipal solid waste management systems, university waste management operations and complex industrial waste reuse networks. The primary application developed here is the City of Columbus network of municipal biosolids treatment and disposal processes. Due to both economic and environmental concerns, the City of Columbus is closely analyzing the resource efficiency of its operations in order to deliver sustainable, cost-effective solutions to improve wastewater treatment. The City has partnered with the Center for Resilience at The Ohio State University (OSU) to apply advanced analytical tools for improved management of biosolids generated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) using a material flow optimization decision framework that accounts for financial and environmental impacts when analyzing operational policies and capital investments. A systems model was developed in EcoFlow[TM] for the City of Columbus to analyze three main objectives associated with biosolids operations management: cost reduction, energy conservation and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. A systems analysis was performed for the current operations of the City's two WWTPs and Compost Facility to compare baseline operations against model optimized solutions. Modeling results indicated that operational costs, energy consumption and GHG emissions can each be reduced by at least 10% and potentially over 50%. Current analysis shows that the most cost effective solution is to incinerate all of the sludge generated by Southerly and to land apply the solids generated at Jackson Pike. Landfill disposal consumes the least amount of energy, but is the most costly. In order to lower GHG emissions the model suggests a combination of land application, composting, and landfilling. Tradeoff analyses were conducted to understand the cost efficiency of operational scenarios that minimize energy consumption and GHG emissions. Results from these analyses show potential savings of $1.6 to $3.5 million dollars, up to 19,678 MT eCO2 and 65 to 254 TJ of energy annually. Sensitivity and scenario analyses show the network solutions to be resilient in a variety of market conditions including the increase in energy costs and the price of carbon credits.
Download or read book Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Paola Foladori and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: principles of sludge reduction techniques; process configurations; potential performance; advantages and drawbacks; economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.
Download or read book Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
Download or read book Land Development Handbook written by Dewberry and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2008-07-06 with total page 1185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Definitive Guide to Land Development-Every Detail, Every Issue, Every Setting Land Development Handbook provides a step-by-step approach to any type of project, from rural greenfield development to suburban infill to urban redevelopment. With the latest information regarding green technologies and design, the book offers you a comprehensive look at the land-development process as a whole, as well as a thorough view of individual disciplines. Plus, a bonus color insert reveals the extent to which land development projects are transforming our communities! This all-in-one guide provides in-depth coverage of: Environmental issues from erosion and sediment control and stormwater management to current regulatory controls for plan approval, permitting, and green building certification Comprehensive planning and zoning including new development models for mixed-use, transit-oriented, and conservation developments Enhanced approaches to community and political consensus building Technical design procedures for infrastructure components including roads and utilities with a new section on dry utilities Surveying tools and techniques focusing on the use of GPS and GIS to collect, present, and preserve data throughout the design process Plan preparation, submission, and processing with an emphasis on technologies available-from CAD modeling and design to electronic submissions, permit processing, and tracking Subjects include: Planning and zoning Real Property Law Engineering Feasibility Environmental Regulations Rezoning Conceptual and Schematic Design Development Patterns Control, Boundary, and Topographical Surveys Historic Assessment and Preservation Street and Utility Design Floodplain Studies Grading and Earthwork Water and Wastewater Treatment Cost Estimating Subdivision Process Plan Submittals Stormwater Management Erosion and Sediment Control And much more!
