Download or read book A Photo Guide to the Patterns of Discoloration and Decay in Living Northern Hardwood Trees written by Alex L. Shigo and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2This guide has been prepared to help you estimate the extent and severity of discoloration and decay in northern hardwood trees. Though this certainly is not the last word on the subject, our research in this has progressed to the point where our findings, combined with the findings of others, can be put to practical use. By dissecting living trees and studying the organisms that infect them, we now know that discoloration and decay develop in certain definite patterns. And the patterns of discoloration and decay within the tree can be predicted from external signs. Discoloration and decay are the most serious defects of northern hardwood trees. In speaking of defect, we must distinguish between injury and damage. Injury harms the tree: damage lowers the quality of the wood. For example, a disease like vascular wilt may kill the tree but do no damage to the wood. But an insect like the cambium miner may do very little harm to the tree yet do great damage to the wood. The unseen damage done to a tree is important in the economics of forestry. Every operation in growing a tree, harvesting it, and converting it into products costs time and money. And after all the time and money have been spent on a tree, the product made from it may prove to be not worth the effort; and the tree might have been used more profitably for some other product that does not require high-quality wood. The increased use of veneer offers an illustration. A veneer log brings top prices. But its actual value may not become apparent till it is put on a lathe and peeled. A log that looks very good and sound to the core, may have minute streaks of discoloration scattered all through it, so that all the veneer it produces is badly streaked with defects. On the other hand, a log that has a rotten core surrounded by clear wood may produce the highest quality of veneer. So it is not so important how much discoloration and decay a tree has, but when these defects are in a tree. The pattern of the discoloration and decay- that's the important thing.S3.
Download or read book A Photo Guide to the Patterns of Discoloration and Decay in Living Northern Hardwood Trees written by Alex L. Shigo and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Photo Guide to the Patterns of Discoloration and Decay in Living Northern Hardwood Trees written by Alex L. Shigo and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2This guide has been prepared to help you estimate the extent and severity of discoloration and decay in northern hardwood trees. Though this certainly is not the last word on the subject, our research in this has progressed to the point where our findings, combined with the findings of others, can be put to practical use. By dissecting living trees and studying the organisms that infect them, we now know that discoloration and decay develop in certain definite patterns. And the patterns of discoloration and decay within the tree can be predicted from external signs. Discoloration and decay are the most serious defects of northern hardwood trees. In speaking of defect, we must distinguish between injury and damage. Injury harms the tree: damage lowers the quality of the wood. For example, a disease like vascular wilt may kill the tree but do no damage to the wood. But an insect like the cambium miner may do very little harm to the tree yet do great damage to the wood. The unseen damage done to a tree is important in the economics of forestry. Every operation in growing a tree, harvesting it, and converting it into products costs time and money. And after all the time and money have been spent on a tree, the product made from it may prove to be not worth the effort; and the tree might have been used more profitably for some other product that does not require high-quality wood. The increased use of veneer offers an illustration. A veneer log brings top prices. But its actual value may not become apparent till it is put on a lathe and peeled. A log that looks very good and sound to the core, may have minute streaks of discoloration scattered all through it, so that all the veneer it produces is badly streaked with defects. On the other hand, a log that has a rotten core surrounded by clear wood may produce the highest quality of veneer. So it is not so important how much discoloration and decay a tree has, but when these defects are in a tree. The pattern of the discoloration and decay- that's the important thing.S3.
Download or read book Wood Decay in Living and Dead Trees written by Walter C. Shortle and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to create a visual summary (using color photographs and illustrations) of the varied patterns of wood discoloration and decay observed in the dissection of thousands of trees. This information has helped those who work with forests, trees, and wood interpret patterns of decay in living trees. A better understanding of the CODIT (Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees) model and the concept of compartmentalization in all tree species worldwide provides a basis for better practices to improve tree survival, health, and productivity.
Download or read book Detection of Discoloration and Decay in Living Trees and Utility Poles written by Alex L. Shigo and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NE RP written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tree Defects written by Alex L. Shigo and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agriculture Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Set includes revised editions of some issues.
Download or read book Silvics of North America Hardwoods written by Russell M. Burns and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photographic Guide of Selected External Defect Indicators and Associated Internal Defects in White Oak written by Everette D. Rast and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2To properly classify or grade logs and trees, one must be able to correctly identify defect indicators and assess the effect of the underlying defect on possible end products. This guide assists the individual in identifying the surface defect indicator and also shows the progressive stages of the defect throughout its development for white oak. It illustrates and describes nine types of external defect indicators and associated defects that are particularly difficult to evaluate. S3.
Download or read book Photographic Guide to Selected External Defect Indicators and Associated Internal Defects in Black Walnut written by Everette D. Rast and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2To properly classify or grade logs or trees, one must be able to correctly identify defect indicators and assess the effect of the underlying defect on possible end products. This guide aids the individual in identifying the surface defect indicator and also shows the progressive stages of the defect throughout its development for black walnut. It illustrates and describes 10 types of external defect indicators and associated defects that are particularly difficult to evaluate.S3.
Download or read book Hardwood Tree Grades for Factory Lumber written by Leland F. Hanks and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2The Forest Service hardwood tree grades for factory lumber are described, and lumber grade yields for 111 species are presented. The yields, expressed in board feet, are based on equations in which dbh2 and merchantable height were used as independent variables. Actual board-foot volumes by lumber grade served as dependent variables. Species included are yellow and paper birch, red and sugar maple, yellow-poplar, black cherry, basswood, and northern red, black, white, and chestnut oak. S3`
Download or read book A Guide to the Appraisal of Wildfire Damages Benefits and Resource Values Protected written by John S. Crosby and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Decay in Living and Dead Trees written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pioneering research by Alex L. Shigo and his associates has produced a series of pictorial guidelines to provide a better understanding of how trees respond to wounding and subsequent microbial infections that lead to wood decay. The purpose of this paper is to visually summarize through the use of 96 color photographs and illustrations, the varied patterns of wood discoloration and decay observed in the dissection of thousands of trees. This information has served as a conceptual framework for understanding the biochemical processes that limit the spread of wood-destroying infections initiated by wounding during the maturation of all trees. This understanding has helped those who work with forests, trees, and wood to resolve practical problems and improve the health and productivity of trees and forests.
Download or read book Silvics of North America written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Silvicultural Guides Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silvicultural Systems for the Major Forest Types of the United States written by United States. Forest Service. Timber Management Research and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current trend toward the establishment and care of forests for a wide combination of uses requires flexibility in forest culture and a knowledge of the silvicultural choices available to the resource manager. This publication summarizes the silvicultural systems that appear biologically feasible, on the basis of present knowledge, for each of 48 major forest types in the United States. Supporting information is given on the occurrence of the 48 forest types, the cultural requirements of the component species, and the biological factors that control the choice of silvicultural options.
