Download or read book A Partial Characterization of Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris Strains Efficient and Inefficient in the Transmission of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus written by Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Igbokwe and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pea Enation Mosaic Virus written by J. Victor French and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Factors Affecting the Transmission of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus by the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum harris with Emphasis on the Inoculation Phase of the Transmission Cycle written by James Hsi-cho Tsai and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Relationships Between Pea Enation Mosaic Virus and Its Vector the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris written by Lowell Raymond Nault and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transmission of Two Pea Enation Mosaic Virus Isolates by the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris written by James Hsi-cho Tsai and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fate of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus in Its Pea Aphid Vector Acyrthosiphon Pisum written by Kerry F. Harris and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Partial Characterization of the P4 Pathotype of Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus written by Paul D. Kohnen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological, serological, and molecular characteristics of the P4 pathotype of pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) were investigated. The characterization allowed P4 to be differentiated from other pathotypes of the same virus. P4 was distinguished from P1 on the basis of host symptomatology. It induced varied, but often distinctive symptoms in systemically-infected pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars. P4 inoculation of indicator hosts, notably Chenopodium album, resulted in the formation of local lesions. Pathotype P4 was seed transmitted at low frequencies relative to P1. In ten selected pea cultivars, seed transmission of P4 never exceeded 0.7%, while P1 was transmitted at frequencies as high as 33%. In mixed infections with P1, pathotype P4 was seed transmitted at 0- 2% as determined by P4-specific indirect ELISA. However, limited polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data suggest that P4 may be transmitted with P1 at higher rates than indicated by ELISA data. P4 was also aphid transmitted at relatively low rates. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) allowed 3 or 5 min acquisition access periods (AAP's) transmitted P4 at a maximum rate of 16% (3 aphids/plant). P4 transmission required short (1-7 min) AAP's and exhibited no bimodal character within tested parameters. P4 could be serologically distinguished from the other pathotypes using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Tests with cross-reactive P4 antiserum suggest that P4 is more closely related to P2 than P1. P4-specific antiserum was derived by cross-absorbing diluted antiserum with P1- infected pea sap to eliminate P1- reactive antibodies. P1 and P4 RNA was detected and differentiated using pathotype-specific oligonucleotide primers in conjunction with PCR. Viral RNA sequences were amplified in pure preparations as well as crude pea tissue (leaf, root, pollen, and seed) extracts.
Download or read book Electron Microscopy of Aphid transmissible and Nonaphid transmissible Variants of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus in Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris and Garden Pea Pisum Sativum L written by Ya-Chu Judy Kao and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on Transmission of Pea Seed borne Mosaic Virus by Aphids and the Mechanism of Transmission written by Wa-lee Lim and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characteristics of the Lentil Strain of Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus written by Jody Jellison Goodell and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lentil strain of pea seedborne mosaic virus, PSbMV-L, was distinguished from the standard isolates of PSbMV by a natural inoculum reservoir in lentil seed and by separate resistance genes in Pisum and Lens. PSbMV-L was intermediate in symptom severity between the standard and New Zealand isolates of PSbMV. Seed transmission rates up to 16.7% were observed for PSbMV-L in seed increase plots of infected lentil accessions, but the virus was not detected in commercial lentil plantings. The virus was nonpersistently transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum. Maximum rates of aphid transmission occurred with acquisition access periods of 3 to 5 minutes and ranged from 80 to 100%. Aphid transmission rates decreased with increasing temperature. Apparent trimodal transmission of PSbMV-L was observed. PSbMV-L is characterized by intrinsic particle instability. Partial purification was obtained by extracting infected lentil leaves in a neutral buffer, clarification with 7.5% chloroform, centrifugation through PEG (6 %)- sucrose (35%) cushions and equilibrium centrifugation in CsC1 gradients. The absorbance ratio 260/280 was 1.15. PSbMV-SL25 and PSbMV-L were indistinguishable on the basis of protein subunit molecular weight and could not be differentiated using classical serological techniques. The strains could be separated by quantitative ELISA using polyclonal sera produced in rabbit or chicken. Attempts to achieve greater antibody specificity were made with spleen cells from previously immunized mice that were fused with myoloma cells to create antibody-secreting hybridomas. The resultant colonies were screened using a modified ELISA against PSbMV-SL25 and PSbMV-L for the presence of specific antibody production. Selected colonies were expanded. The molecular weight of PSbMV-L RNA was estimated at 3.5 million. DNA complementary to PSbMV-C4 RNA was prepared using the random primer method of Taylor et al. Hybridization kinetics with PSbMV-L, PSbMV-SL25 and BYMV-Gil RNA were studied using Sl-nuclease assays. The lentil strain showed significantly lower levels of hybridization than the homologous control. Heterologous hybridization was severely decreased when the stringency of the assay conditions was increased.
Download or read book Soft Scale Insects written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-10-15 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents an up-to-date account of the soft-scale insects, "Coccidae", and covers almost the entire spectrum of the knowledge of this insect family. It is divided into three sections, covering: soft scale insects; their natural enemies; and damage and control.
Download or read book Sucking Pests of Crops written by Omkar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sucking pests are most notorious group of pests for agricultural crops. Unlike most pests with chewing mouth parts, sucking pests cause more severe damage to the crops and are complex to get identified until advanced stages of infection. Not only is this late detection detrimental to their effective control, sucking pests also often cause fungal growth and virus transmission. The book emphasizes on sucking pests of most major crops of India. It aims to reflect Indian scenario before the international readership. This book complies comprehensive information on sucking pests of crops and brings the attention of the readers to this multiple damage causing insect complex. The chapters are contributed by highly experienced Indigenous experts from Universities & ICAR institutes, and book collates useful content for students and young researchers in plant pathology, entomology and agriculture.
Download or read book Aphids as Virus Vectors written by Kerry F. Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aphids as Virus Vectors focuses on aphids as vectors of plant viruses and the fundamentals of their relationship with virus and host. The mouthparts and feeding mechanism of aphids are discussed, along with aphid penetration of plant tissues and the transmission mechanisms of aphids as virus vectors. The intrinsic properties and taxonomy of aphid-borne viruses are also examined. Comprised of 22 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the importance of aphids as vectors, their biology, and the properties of the viruses they transmit. These introductory chapters prepare the reader for later ones on aphid-virus-plant interactions. The next section deals with transmission mechanisms, with emphasis on several novel alternatives to many of the traditionally held concepts of how aphids transmit viruses. Accessory factors in non-persistent virus transmission are considered. Subsequent chapters focus on technological advances in aphid-virus research, including the use of aphid cell culturing, radioisotope methodology, membrane feeding, and electrical measurement systems. The most promising frontiers in epidemiological and control-oriented research are discussed in the last two sections. This monograph will be a useful resource for researchers from such varied sciences as entomology, plant science, and virology, as well as for graduate students taking entomology and plant pathology courses on insects in relation to plant diseases.
Download or read book Fenugreek written by M. Naeem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume brings together an inclusive collection of information about the medicinal crop fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Fenugreek is one of the medicinal plants important in the management of diabetes and contributes greatly in the alternative systems of medicine. These beneficial properties of fenugreek are covered in here. Further, this book explores the agronomy, biotechnology, genomics and biochemistry aspects of the crop. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, agronomists and biochemists. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for graduate students of agriculture and pharmacology. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.
Download or read book A Century of Plant Virology in India written by Bikash Mandal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a compilation of research work carried out on plant viruses during past 100 years in India. Plant viruses are important constraints in Indian agriculture. Tropical and sub-tropical environments and intensive crop cultivation practices ideally favours perpetuation of numerous plant viruses and their vectors in India, which often cause wide spread crop losses. Of all the plant pathogens, studies of plant viruses have received a special attention as they are difficult to manage. A large body of literature has been published on the plant virus research from India during past 100 years; however the information is so far not available in one place. This book provides comprehensive information on the biology, molecular biology, epidemics, crop losses, diagnosis and management of viruses and viroids occurring in India. Description of properties of the viruses are provided in the chapters comprising of different genera such as Allexivirus, Begomovirus, Babuvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Carmovirus, Cucumovirus, Closterovirus, Ilavirus, Mandrivirus, Potyvirus, Tospovirus, Tungrovirus and Sobemovirus. Virus-vector research related to aphid, thrips and whitefly is discussed. The work on the management aspects of plant viral diseases has been described with reference to the conventional, antiviral and transgenic approaches. Further, the quarantine mechanism developed in India for the exclusion of viruses and vectors has also been included. The book also provides useful information about the capacity building on the research and education on Plant Virology in India. Overall, the book covers a wide range of accounts of research findings and innovations in Plant Virology in India during past 100 years. The book will be a resourceful reference to the students, scientists, agricultural professionals and policy makers.
Download or read book Applied Plant Virology written by D.G. Walkey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past twenty years I have worked as an applied plant virologist, attempting to identify and control virus diseases in field crops. During the last ten years it has been my privilege to present short courses in plant virology to final-year students studying plant pathology, micro biology and general botany. Throughout the period I have been lecturing, it has been possible to recommend several excellent 'library' books for further reading in plant virology, but there has been no publication covering applied plant virology that a student might consider purchasing. With teaching requirements in mind this book has been written to provide a concise introduction to applied plant virology based on the experiences I have gained working on virus diseases, both in an applied laboratory and in the field. The text concentrates on introducing the reader to aspects of plant virology that would be encountered every day by an applied virologist trying to identify viruses and develop control measures for virus diseases of crop plants. Although a brief introduction to virus structure and its terminology is given in the opening chapter of the book, no attempt is made to cover in detail the more fundamental aspects of virus structure, biochemistry and replication. Similarly, the symptoms caused by individual viruses are not described, although the various types of symptoms that plant viruses cause and which might be encountered by a student or research worker are described.
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Aphids written by Andreas Vilcinskas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people know of aphids as garden pests, infesting the soft green tissues of plants in vast numbers and killing them by sucking out the sap. Indeed, among the 4000 or so known species of aphids about 250 are pests, and in temperate regions several are economically important agricultural pests that damage crops directly during feeding or act as v
