Download or read book A Novel Automatic History Matching Method and Upscaling Study of Cyclic Solvent Injection Process for Post Chops Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Min Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cyclic Hot Solvent Injection Method to Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery Based on Experimental Study written by Kewei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the solvent-based heavy oil recovery methods, the cyclic solvent injection (CSI) method has been acknowledged as an effective method with high oil production rate. Oil recovery in pure solvent CSI study is as high as over 70%. However, injection pressure in the pure solvent CSI is limited by the low dew point pressure of hydrocarbon at laboratory ambient temperature condition. In the mixture gas CSI method, although the solvent dew point pressure can be raised at the ambient temperature condition, recovery factor of this method is much lower than that of pure solvent CSI method. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an alternative CSI method which takes advantage of both pure gas-based and mixture gas-based CSI methods. As raising the pure solvent injection temperature can increase the solvent dew point pressure, the idea of hot solvent CSI is experimentally tested in this study. This new type of CSI method is named the cyclic hot solvent injection method (CHSI). In the CHSI laboratory study, hot solvent can reach high initial reservoir pressure. The experimental system consists of a sand-pack model unit, injection unit, production unit and data acquisition unit. Three major topics have been studied concerning CHSI: the comparison between CHSI and the replaceable method of CHSI (the mixture gas CSI method), the comparison between CHSI and the "N-Solv" (hot vapor solvent extraction) method, and temperature sensitivity analysis in CHSI. Experimental results show that, for the first topic, oil recovery of CHSI method is much higher than it is in mixture gas CSI method; for the second topic, oil production performance of CHSI is compared with that II in N-Solv; for the third topic, three solvent injection temperature levels are compared with each other in order to study solvent temperature effect on the oil production performance. Experimental results show that the CHSI method is an effective heavy oil extraction method, because this method is superior to mixture gas CSI method and N-Solv method regarding oil recovery. Oil recovery of CHSI is hardly influenced by solvent injection temperature. However, solvent injection temperature positively affects oil production rate during early CSI production period.

Download or read book Experimental and Mathematical Studies of Cyclic Solvent Injection To Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery written by Zhongwei Du and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been suggested that Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI) is a highly promising technique to recover heavy oil resources at which other recovery techniques are not economically or efficiently available. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental and mathematical studies on the CSI for effective heavy oil recovery purposes. Experimental and data regression studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of the wormhole on the CSI. Nine tests were completed using three sand-pack physical models with different dimensions. Experimental results suggest that the oil production can be divided into two phases: solvent chamber rising phase and solvent chamber spreading phase. The average production rate in the solvent chamber rising phase is proportional to the wormhole length, while the average production rate in the solvent chamber spreading phase does not change much with the wormhole length. In addition, a relation of the oil production rate to the drainage height is obtained by regression analysis and verified with a different experiment. It is suggested that for a rectangular model, the oil production rate in the chamber rising phase is proportional to h1.1667. Experimental study of effects of pressure decline rate on the CSI has been performed. Twelve tests with ten decline rates through linear and non-linear pressure-drawdown methods were conducted. Results of optimizing the pressure decline rate indicated that the pressure decline rate plays a primary role in the CSI by affecting solvent chamber growth, foamy oil flow performance in Phase 1, and pressure drop force in Phase 2. Different driving mechanisms in different phases lead to different optimum pressure decline rates. Comparison of two pressure-drawdown methods suggests that the main difference between the non-linear pressure-drawdown method and linear pressuredrawdown method is that the former cannot provide a continuous driving force for diluted oil as well as the latter. The effect of the intermittent driving force is much more significant in Phase 2. Therefore, production performance of tests of pressure-drawdown linearly was generally better than that of tests of pressure-drawdown non-linearly. A linear material balance equation of CSI has been proposed to obtain the recovery factor of diluted oil. It is successfully used to obtain the recovery factor of diluted oil of each cycle for a well-designed CSI test in a rectangular physical model (80×40×20 cm3). The relation of the solution-gas oil ratio and the diluted oil formation volume factor with pressure under non-equilibrium state are obtained through linear regression based the material balance equation. They are successfully verified through experimental data of a CSI test in a cylindrical model. Results indicate that the efficiency of oil dilution increases from 4.75% to 10.70% before the Cycle 10. Then it slightly varies from 10% to 16.25% till the Cycle 25. It is dramatically decreased 10.11% in the last five cycles. For first three cycles, the diluted oil recovery factor is up to 40% due to extended production time. Then it almost keeps around 32% till the Cycle 25. Three mixture solvent with the decline rate of 12.5 kPa/min ,5 kPa/min and 1 kPa/min have been conducted. Knowledge of production performance of mixture solvent CSI tests is obtained through the comparison of mixture solvent tests with different decline rate and the comparison between mixture and pure solvent tests. Pure solvent tests had larger recovery factor and average oil production per cycle than mixture solvent tests. The asphaltene precipitation and production time significantly impacted the recovery factor of diluted oil in mixture solvent tests.

Download or read book Characterization of Gas Oil Flow in Cyclic Solvent Injection CSI for Heavy Oil Recovery written by Sam Yeol Hong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI) has emerged as an effective post-CHOPS recovery method. It has shown a great potential with the aid of the solvent injection under the huff-n-puff operation. The use of solvent that maintains a strong nature of gas results in the solvent chamber which under the huff-n-puff operation locates at an inner region towards the well. The CSI process is therefore governed by the gas-oil flow as the solvent chamber is dominated by the free gas-oil flow and the heavy oil zone by the dispersed gas-oil flow referred to as the foamy oil flow. The gas-oil flow in CSI eventually appears as the combined flow of free gas and foamy oil across the solvent chamber. The gas-oil flow in heavy oil systems has been widely investigated based on heavy oil solution gas drive. However, the combined flow of free gas and foamy oil in CSI considerably differs from that in heavy oil solution gas drive and therefore needs to be investigated separately. The differences mainly arise as in CSI the free gas originates from the solvent chamber whereas in heavy oil solution gas drive it evolves from solution gas. Consequently, the combined flow of free gas and foamy oil in CSI yields the characteristics that strongly depend on the pressure depletion rate and the growing solvent chamber. This study is aimed at characterizing the gas-oil flow in CSI for heavy oil recovery at different pressure depletion rates under the effect of the growing solvent chamber. To fulfill the objective, the gas-liquid relative permeability curves are inferred with the use of numerical simulations by history-matching seven lab-scale CSI tests performed at varying pressure depletion rates. The foamy oil behavior is taken into account by applying the modified-fractional flow model. This study therefore not only demonstrates the distinct properties of the gas-oil relative permeability curves in CSI process but also the applicability of the modified-fractional flow model. The sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the phenomena responsible for the distinct behavior of the gas-oil flow in CSI.

Download or read book An Artificial Neural Network Approach for Evaluating the Performance of Cyclic Steam Injection in Naturally Fractured Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Ahmet Ersahin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a sharp fall in oil prices in late 2014, many oil exploration companies have either stopped operations or postponed projects to a future date. The resulting slowdown has strengthened the dependency on existing developed fields for oil production. This is a cause of concern for major oil corporations and governments worldwide, as the dependence on mature fields suggests that conventional oil extraction techniques may not be enough to maintain current demand and may lead to significant profit losses. Thus, the development of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) (also known as tertiary recovery) methods to improve recovery from developed fields has attracted attention.Thermal recovery, a widely used EOR method in heavy oil reservoirs, involves the introduction of heat into the formation to reduce the viscosity of the oil in the reservoir. Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is an effective thermal process used with naturally fractured reservoirs. The cyclic steam injection (CSI) method incorporates the stages of injecting, soaking and production one by one in a single well.The use of a commercial simulator for estimating production is common. However, the process can be time consuming and complex. Alternatively, it is possible to achieve results within seconds using an adequately trained artificial neural network (ANN).This study analyzes CSI performance based on its effectiveness with respect to viscosity contours and cumulative oil production. Naturally fractured reservoirs are excellent targets for steam injection because they possess a structure where steam can easily diffuse.

Download or read book Experimental Testing of Solvent Assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Nirbendra KC and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ingredients in Meat Products written by Rodrigo Tarté and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-21 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little doubt that today’s food industry is faced with a rapidly changing market landscape. The obvious need to continue to provide consumers with nutritious, delectable, safe, and affordable food products which are also profitable for food manufacturers, as well as the ongoing challenge of ensuring the delivery of adequate nutrition to hundreds of millions of disadvantaged people around the world, appears – at least as much as, if not more than, ever – to be at odds with the challenges posed by soaring energy and food commodity prices; fast-paced changes in consumer demographics, habits, and preferences; and the continual need to stay ahead of current and emerging food safety issues. In addition to this, the present ubiquity in the industry of terms such as functional foods, nutraceuticals, low sodium, low fat, clean label, minimal processing, and natural – to name a few – underscores yet a different dimension of the challenges faced by food processors today. On the other hand, however, the solutions of many of these challenges may, concurrently, present the food industry with unique and exciting opportunities. The processed meat industry, despite its long history and tradition, is certainly not exempt from having to face these modern challenges, nor excluded from realizing the promises of the opportunities that may lie ahead.

Download or read book Well Completion Design written by Jonathan Bellarby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completions are the conduit between hydrocarbon reservoirs and surface facilities. They are a fundamental part of any hydrocarbon field development project. The have to be designed for safely maximising the hydrocarbon recovery from the well and may have to last for many years under ever changing conditions. Issues include: connection with the reservoir rock, avoiding sand production, selecting the correct interval, pumps and other forms of artificial lift, safety and integrity, equipment selection and installation and future well interventions. - Course book based on course well completion design by TRACS International - Unique in its field: Coverage of offshore, subsea, and landbased completions in all of the major hydrocarbon basins of the world - Full colour

Download or read book Resources to Reserves 2013 written by International Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of oil and gas for future generations continues to provoke international debate. In 2005, the first edition of Resources to Reserves found that the known hydrocarbon resources were sufficient to sustain likely growth for the foreseeable future. Yet the book also predicted that developing oil and gas resources - and bringing them to market - would become more technically demanding. Resources to Reserves 2013 - a comprehensive update to the 2005 edition - confirms these earlier findings and investigates whether oil and gas resources can be produced at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, while also protecting environmentally sensitive areas. Released amid a boom in shale gas and oil development in North America that is transforming the global energy landscape, the book surveys the cutting-edge technologies needed to find, produce and bring these reserves to the market, and it reviews the challenges on greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuel production. With renewed interest in coal as a potential source of liquid and gaseous fuels, it also looks at technology advances for this fossil fuel.

Download or read book Food Science and Food Biotechnology written by Gustavo F. Gutierrez-Lopez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-02-26 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking book provides a balanced and organized discussion of the interactions of food science and biotechnology at the molecular and industrial levels. Carefully selected and reviewed contributions stress the aspects of modern bioprocessing, analysis, and quality control that are common to both food science and biotechnology. The detail

Download or read book Instrument Engineers Handbook Volume 3 written by Bela G. Liptak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instrument Engineers' Handbook – Volume 3: Process Software and Digital Networks, Fourth Edition is the latest addition to an enduring collection that industrial automation (AT) professionals often refer to as the "bible." First published in 1970, the entire handbook is approximately 5,000 pages, designed as standalone volumes that cover the measurement (Volume 1), control (Volume 2), and software (Volume 3) aspects of automation. This fourth edition of the third volume provides an in-depth, state-of-the-art review of control software packages used in plant optimization, control, maintenance, and safety. Each updated volume of this renowned reference requires about ten years to prepare, so revised installments have been issued every decade, taking into account the numerous developments that occur from one publication to the next. Assessing the rapid evolution of automation and optimization in control systems used in all types of industrial plants, this book details the wired/wireless communications and software used. This includes the ever-increasing number of applications for intelligent instruments, enhanced networks, Internet use, virtual private networks, and integration of control systems with the main networks used by management, all of which operate in a linked global environment. Topics covered include: Advances in new displays, which help operators to more quickly assess and respond to plant conditions Software and networks that help monitor, control, and optimize industrial processes, to determine the efficiency, energy consumption, and profitability of operations Strategies to counteract changes in market conditions and energy and raw material costs Techniques to fortify the safety of plant operations and the security of digital communications systems This volume explores why the holistic approach to integrating process and enterprise networks is convenient and efficient, despite associated problems involving cyber and local network security, energy conservation, and other issues. It shows how firewalls must separate the business (IT) and the operation (automation technology, or AT) domains to guarantee the safe function of all industrial plants. This book illustrates how these concerns must be addressed using effective technical solutions and proper management policies and practices. Reinforcing the fact that all industrial control systems are, in general, critically interdependent, this handbook provides a wide range of software application examples from industries including: automotive, mining, renewable energy, steel, dairy, pharmaceutical, mineral processing, oil, gas, electric power, utility, and nuclear power.

Download or read book Handbook of Farm Dairy and Food Machinery Engineering written by Myer Kutz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Agricultural and Farm Machinery, Third Edition, is the essential reference for understanding the food industry, from farm machinery, to dairy processing, food storage facilities and the machinery that processes and packages foods. Effective and efficient food delivery systems are built around processes that maximize efforts while minimizing cost and time. This comprehensive reference is for engineers who design and build machinery and processing equipment, shipping containers, and packaging and storage equipment. It includes coverage of microwave vacuum applications in grain processing, cacao processing, fruit and vegetable processing, ohmic heating of meat, facility design, closures for glass containers, double seaming, and more. The book's chapters include an excellent overview of food engineering, but also regulation and safety information, machinery design for the various stages of food production, from tillage, to processing and packaging. Each chapter includes the state-of-the art in technology for each subject and numerous illustrations, tables and references to guide the reader through key concepts. Describes the latest breakthroughs in food production machinery Features new chapters on engineering properties of food materials, UAS applications, and microwave processing of foods Provides efficient access to fundamental information and presents real-world applications Includes design of machinery and facilities as well as theoretical bases for determining and predicting behavior of foods as they are handled and processed

Download or read book The Science of Cheese written by Michael Tunick and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the science of cheese making, from chemistry to biology, in a lively way that is readable for both the food scientist and the artisanal hobbyist.

Download or read book Biomimicry written by Janine M. Benyus and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Repackaged with a new afterword, this "valuable and entertaining" (New York Times Book Review) book explores how scientists are adapting nature's best ideas to solve tough 21st century problems. Biomimicry is rapidly transforming life on earth. Biomimics study nature's most successful ideas over the past 3.5 million years, and adapt them for human use. The results are revolutionizing how materials are invented and how we compute, heal ourselves, repair the environment, and feed the world. Janine Benyus takes readers into the lab and in the field with maverick thinkers as they: discover miracle drugs by watching what chimps eat when they're sick; learn how to create by watching spiders weave fibers; harness energy by examining how a leaf converts sunlight into fuel in trillionths of a second; and many more examples. Composed of stories of vision and invention, personalities and pipe dreams, Biomimicry is must reading for anyone interested in the shape of our future.

Download or read book Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook Plastic Part Manufacturing written by Philip Mitchell and published by Society of Manufacturing Engineers. This book was released on 1996-12-09 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the practical application of processes for manufacturing plastic products. It includes information on design for manufacturability (DFM), material selection, process selection, dies, molds, and tooling, extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, thermoforming, lamination, rotational molding, casting, foam processing, compression and transfer molding, fiber reinforced processing, assembly and fabrication, quality, plant engineering and maintenance, management.

Download or read book Computational Methods for Multiphase Flows in Porous Media written by Zhangxin Chen and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2006-04-01 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a fundamental and practical introduction to the use of computational methods. A thorough discussion of practical aspects of the subject is presented in a consistent manner, and the level of treatment is rigorous without being unnecessarily abstract. Each chapter ends with bibliographic information and exercises.

Download or read book Thermal Methods written by Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2023-04-18 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Methods, Volume Two, the latest release in the Enhanced Oil Recovery series, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in this fast-growing area. In the book, different techniques are described in addition to the latest technologies in data mining and hybrid processes. Supported field case studies are included to illustrate a bridge between research and practical applications, making it useful for both academics and practicing engineers. Structured to start with thermal concepts and steam flooding, the book's editors then advance to more complex content, guiding engineers into areas such as hybrid thermal methods and edgier technologies that bridge solar and nuclear energy. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest research developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future of energy. Presents the latest understanding surrounding the updated research and practical applications specific to thermal enhanced oil recovery methods Provides an analysis of editors’ research on available technology, including hybrid thermal-solvent processes and dual pipe configurations Teaches about additional methods, such as data mining applications, and economic and environmental considerations