Download or read book A Novel Approach to Experimental Studies of Mineral Dissolution Kinetics written by Chen Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, DOE is conducting pilot CO{sub 2} injection tests to evaluate the concept of geological sequestration. One strategy that potentially enhances CO{sub 2} solubility and reduces the risk of CO{sub 2} leak back to the surface is dissolution of indigenous minerals in the geological formation and precipitation of secondary carbonate phases, which increases the brine pH and immobilizes CO{sub 2}. Clearly, the rates at which these dissolution and precipitation reactions occur directly determine the efficiency of this strategy. However, one of the fundamental problems in modern geochemistry is the persistent two to five orders of magnitude discrepancy between laboratory-measured and field derived feldspar dissolution rates. To date, there is no real guidance as to how to predict silicate reaction rates for use in quantitative models. Current models for assessment of geological carbon sequestration have generally opted to use laboratory rates, in spite of the dearth of such data for compositionally complex systems, and the persistent disconnect between lab and field applications. Therefore, a firm scientific basis for predicting silicate reaction kinetics in CO{sub 2} injected geological formations is urgently needed to assure the reliability of the geochemical models used for the assessments of carbon sequestration strategies. The funded experimental and theoretical study attempts to resolve this outstanding scientific issue by novel experimental design and theoretical interpretation to measure silicate dissolution rates and iron carbonate precipitation rates at conditions pertinent to geological carbon sequestration. In the first year of the project, we have successfully developed a sample preparation method and completed three batch feldspar dissolution experiments at 200 C and 300 bars. The changes of solution chemistry as dissolution experiments progressed were monitored with on-line sampling of the aqueous phase at the constant temperature and pressure. These data allow calculating overall apparent feldspar dissolution rates and secondary mineral precipitation rates as a function of saturation states. State-of-the-art atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe was used to characterize the reactants (feldspars before experiments). We experimented with different sample preparation methods for TEM study, and found excellent images and chemical resolution with reactants, which shows promise of the technology and establishes the baseline for comparison with products (feldspars after the experiments). Preliminary electron microscopic characterization shows that the reacted feldspars have etch pits and are covered with secondary sheet silicate phases. Reaction-path geochemical modeling is used to interpret the experimental results. We have established the software and database, and are making great progress. Also during the first year, our education goal of graduate student training has been achieved. A Ph. D. student at Indiana University is progressing well in the degree program and has taken geochemical modeling, SEM, and TEM courses, which will facilitate research in the second and third year. A Ph. D. student at University of Minnesota is progressing well in conducting the experiments, and is near graduation. With the success of training of graduate students and excellent experimental data in the first year, we anticipate a more fruitful year in the second year.

Download or read book A Novel Approach to Experimental Studies of Mineral Dissolution Kinetics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, DOE is conducting pilot CO2 injection tests to evaluate the concept of geological sequestration. One strategy that potentially enhances CO2 solubility and reduces the risk of CO2 leak back to the surface is dissolution of indigenous minerals in the geological formation and precipitation of secondary carbonate phases, which increases the brine pH and immobilizes CO2. Clearly, the rates at which these dissolution and precipitation reactions occur directly determine the efficiency of this strategy. However, one of the fundamental problems in modern geochemistry is the persistent two to five orders of magnitude discrepancy between laboratory measured and field derived feldspar dissolution rates. To date, there is no real guidance as to how to predict silicate reaction rates for use in quantitative models. Current models for assessment of geological carbon sequestration have generally opted to use laboratory rates, in spite of the dearth of such data for compositionally complex systems, and the persistent disconnect between laboratory and field applications. Therefore, a firm scientific basis for predicting silicate reaction kinetics in CO2 injected geological formations is urgently needed to assure the reliability of the geochemical models used for the assessments of carbon sequestration strategies. The funded experimental and theoretical study attempts to resolve this outstanding scientific issue by novel experimental design and theoretical interpretation to measure silicate dissolution rates and iron carbonate precipitation rates at conditions pertinent to geological carbon sequestration. In the second year of the project, we completed CO2-Navajo sandstone interaction batch and flow-through experiments and a Navajo sandstone dissolution experiment without the presence of CO2 at 200 C and 250-300 bars, and initiated dawsonite dissolution and solubility experiments. We also performed additional 5-day experiments at the same conditions as alkali-feldspar dissolution experiments with and without the presence of CO2 performed in the first year to check the validation of the experiments and analysis. The changes of solution chemistry as dissolution experiments progressed were monitored with on-line sampling of the aqueous phase at the constant temperature and pressure. These data allow calculating overall apparent mineral (feldspars and sandstones) dissolution rates and secondary mineral precipitation rates as a function of saturation states. State-of-the-art atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron microprobe was used to characterize the products and reactants. Reaction-path geochemical modeling was used to interpret the experimental results of alkali-feldspar dissolution experiments without the presence of CO2. Two manuscripts are near completion. Also during the second year, our education goal of graduate student training has been advanced. A Ph. D. student at Indiana University is progressing well in the degree program and has taken geochemical modeling, SEM, and TEM courses, which will facilitate research in the third year. A Ph. D. student at University of Minnesota had graduated. With the success of training of graduate students and excellent experimental data in the second year, we anticipate a more fruitful year in the third year.

Download or read book Experimental Studies of Mineral Dissolution Nucleation and Growth in Aqueous Solutions written by Josephina Jacoba Petronella Adriana Mulders and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reactive Transport Modeling written by Yitian Xiao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaches the application of Reactive Transport Modeling (RTM) for subsurface systems in order to expedite the understanding of the behavior of complex geological systems This book lays out the basic principles and approaches of Reactive Transport Modeling (RTM) for surface and subsurface environments, presenting specific workflows and applications. The techniques discussed are being increasingly commonly used in a wide range of research fields, and the information provided covers fundamental theory, practical issues in running reactive transport models, and how to apply techniques in specific areas. The need for RTM in engineered facilities, such as nuclear waste repositories or CO2 storage sites, is ever increasing, because the prediction of the future evolution of these systems has become a legal obligation. With increasing recognition of the power of these approaches, and their widening adoption, comes responsibility to ensure appropriate application of available tools. This book aims to provide the requisite understanding of key aspects of RTM, and in doing so help identify and thus avoid potential pitfalls. Reactive Transport Modeling covers: the application of RTM for CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy development; reservoir quality prediction; modeling diagenesis; modeling geochemical processes in oil & gas production; modeling gas hydrate production; reactive transport in fractured and porous media; reactive transport studies for nuclear waste disposal; reactive flow modeling in hydrothermal systems; and modeling biogeochemical processes. Key features include: A comprehensive reference for scientists and practitioners entering the area of reactive transport modeling (RTM) Presented by internationally known experts in the field Covers fundamental theory, practical issues in running reactive transport models, and hands-on examples for applying techniques in specific areas Teaches readers to appreciate the power of RTM and to stimulate usage and application Reactive Transport Modeling is written for graduate students and researchers in academia, government laboratories, and industry who are interested in applying reactive transport modeling to the topic of their research. The book will also appeal to geochemists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists, earth scientists, environmental engineers, and environmental chemists.

Download or read book Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water Rock Interaction written by Eric H. Oelkers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 70 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction held prior to the 19th annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference in Davos, Switzerland (June 19-21, 2009). Contents: Thermodynamic Databases for Water-Rock Interaction Thermodynamics of Solid Solution-Aqueous Solution Systems Mineral Replacement Reactions Thermodynamic Concepts in Modeling Sorption at the Mineral-Water Interface Surface Complexation Modeling: Mineral Fluid Equilbria at the Molecular Scale The Link Between Mineral Dissolution/Precipitation Kinetics and Solution Chemistry Organics in Water-Rock Interactions Mineral Precipitation Kinetics Towards an Integrated Model of Weathering, Climate, and Biospheric Processes Approaches to Modeling Weathered Regolith Fluid-Rock Interaction: A Reactive Transport Approach Geochemical Modeling of Reaction Paths and Geochemical Reaction Networks

Download or read book Kinetics of Water Rock Interaction written by Susan Brantley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geochemical kinetics as a topic is now of importance to a wide range of geochemists in academia, industry, and government, and all geochemists need a rudimentary knowledge of the field. This book summarizes the fundamentals of geochemical kinetics with examples drawn especially from mineral dissolution and precipitation. It also encompasses discussion of high temperature processes and global geochemical cycle modeling. Analysis of textures of rocks, sediments, and mineral surfaces are incorporated throughout and provide a sub-theme of the book.

Download or read book A Novel Approach to in Vitro Dissolution Testing written by Frank Anthony Volpe and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mineral Dissolution Kinetics New Perspectives written by Victor W Truesdale and published by . This book was released on 2025-04-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral dissolution kinetics is a critically undervalued field of chemistry. It has helped explain continental weathering and landform development, informed how we maintain water supplies for agricultural and human use, been foundational to our understanding of the formation and operation of the marine environment, and served as an essential tool in the long-term storage of CO2 and radio-nuclide waste. In recent years, mineral dissolution kinetics have also become immensely important in solving the problem of the human-induced rise in tropospheric CO2, a key cause of global warming and ocean acidification.Even though mineral dissolution kinetics has long been a subject of study, unlike the progress made with other chemical systems, its fundamentals are under-developed. Mineral Dissolution Kinetics reveals how the compounding of many otherwise subtle misunderstandings has resulted in this inadequacy. It trawls through a wide cross-section of existing studies to reveal these misunderstandings and forge a new way forward. Complex subjects such as the hydrodynamics of dissolution, the thermodynamics of the aqueous carbonate system, and central omissions at the very core of homogenous kinetics are all explained clearly and simply, while still remaining at the cutting edge of the field.At its core, this book is a search for a universal rate equation for mineral dissolutions. It documents and details the journey which its authors have undertaken, and as such will appeal greatly not only to specialists and experts in all related fields, but also to novice readers seeking to learn more about this unique subject.

Download or read book TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings written by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 2046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from the 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

Download or read book Low Temperature Dissolution Kinetics of Some Common Rock Forming Minerals written by Charles V. Clemency and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The low temperature dissolution kinetics of several rock-forming minerals is described, rate constants calculated, and implication of the results on interpreting mechanisms discussed. Minerals studied include: brucite, antigorite, phlogopite, talc, muscovite and some feldspars. Two different experimental methods were used, an older CO2 method and a new method using ion exchange resins a trap for released ions. Using this new method, increases in dissolution rate of up to about 70 times were obtained, allowing better resolution of the long-term kinetics. The resin method simulates dissolution in nature approaching an open system, whereas, in contrast, the older CO2 method simulates dissolution in a closed system of weathering conditions. In an open weathering system, rainfall would be high and drainage good, whereas in a closed system, rainfall would be low and drainage poor. The sequence of magnesium-bearing minerals brucite, antigorite, phlogopite, and talc illustrate a series of layer- to sheet-type structures of increasing chemical and structural complexity. Experiments showed that the dissolution rates of these minerals in the order: brucite>antigorite>phlogopite>talc if surface areas and pH are the same. Except for brucite, all these minerals dissolve incongruently, with Mg being released from the octahedral sheets more rapidly than Si is released from the tetrahedral sheets.

Download or read book Enhanced weathering and synergistic combinations with other CDR methods written by Jens Hartmann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mineral Water Interface Geochemistry written by Michael F. Hochella and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 23 of Reviews in Mineralogy and accompanying MSA short course covers chemical reactions that take place at mineral-water interfaces. We believe that this book describes most of the important concepts and contributions that have driven mineral-water interface geochemistry to its present state. We begin in Chapter 1 with examples of the global importance of mineral-water interface reactions and a brief review of the contents of the entire book. Thereafter, we have divided the book into four sections, including atomistic approaches (Chapters 2- 3), adsorption (Chapters 4-8), precipitation and dissolution (Chapters 9-11), and oxidation-reduction reactions (Chapters 11-14).

Download or read book A Compilation of Solubility and Dissolution Kinetics Data on Minerals in Granitic and Gabbroic Systems written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissolution Kinetics of Some Phyllosilicate Minerals written by Feng-Chih Lin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating Mineral Dissolution Kinetics by Flow Through Time Resolved Analysis FT TRA written by Bart De Baere and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Kinetics of Mineral Dissolution in Aquifiers and Their Use for Hydrolic Investigations written by A. Mercado and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals written by Arthur F. White and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 31 of Reviews in Mineralogy reviews current thinking on the fundamental processes that control chemical weathering of silicates, including the physical chemistry of reactions at mineral surfaces, the role of experimental design in isolating and quantifying these reactions, and the complex roles that water chemistry, hydrology, biology, and climate play in weathering of natural systems. The chapters in this volume are arranged to parallel this order of development from theoretical considerations to experimental studies to characterization of natural systems. Secondly, the book is meant to serve as a reference from which researchers can readily retrieve quantitative weathering rate data for specific minerals under detailed experimental controls or for natural weathering conditions. Toward this objective, the authors were encouraged to tabulate available weathering rate data for their specific topics. Finally this volume serves as a forum in which suggestions and speculations concerning the direction of future weathering research are discussed.