Download or read book A New Mechanism of Antimalarial Drug Resistance Regulated at the Epigenetic Level written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Mechanism of Antimalarial Drug Resistance Regulated at the Epigenetic Level written by Sofía Mira Martínez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is responsible of almost half a million deaths every year. Currently, campaigns for the control and elimination of malaria are implemented in malaria endemic areas. However, drug resistance is one of the major impediments to achieve malaria elimination. In this thesis we have investigated how P. falciparum parasites develop resistance to some toxic compounds by functional variation linked to epigenetic regulation of clag3 genes. These genes present clonally variant expression and determine the formation of the main channel for the transport of solutes at the membrane of the infected RBC: Plasmodium Surface Anion Channel (PSAC). Hence, we hypothesized that P. falciparum parasites can modify the permeability of the membrane to specific solutes by epigenetic regulation of clag3 genes expression; this way, parasites could develop resistance to antimalarial drugs. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated the role of switches in clag3 expression in the acquisition of resistance to the antibiotic BS, the dynamics of clag3 genes expression in human infections and we have tested drugs susceptible to failure by this drug resistance mechanism. First, we show that BS pressure at low concentrations selected for parasites expressing clag3.1, whereas parasites exposed to higher concentrations of BS had repressed the expression of both clag3 genes. We did not find any mutation in the genome of these parasites that could explain the change in their phenotype. Thus, we concluded that parasites can develop resistance to toxic compounds through epigenetic regulation of clag3 genes. Then, we found that parasites collected from patients with uncomplicated malaria predominantly express one of the two paralogues, consistent with the property of mutually exclusive expression, previously described in lab-adapted parasite lines. Adaptation to culture conditions or selection with toxic compound results in isolate-dependent changes in clag3 expression, implying functional differences between the proteins encoded. We also observed that samples collected at day 9 post-infection in human experimental infections (when parasites had been in the peripheral blood for approximately one erythrocytic cycle) showed a mix of parasites expressing either clag3.1 or clag3.2, suggesting that the epigenetic memory of clag3 genes is reset during transmission stages. Finally, we tested whether other drugs, that are suspected to require facilitated transport to reach the cell, could be susceptible of failure by this drug resistance mechanism. We found that the antimalarial compounds T3 and T16 (bis-thiazolium salts) require the product of clag3 genes to enter the infected erythrocyte and that P. falciparum populations can develop resistance to these compounds by selection of parasites with dramatically reduced expression of both genes. The rest of the drugs that we tested might use alternative routes in which clag3 genes are not involved. We have described for the first time an antimalarial drug resistance mechanism regulated at the epigenetic level in P. falciparum parasites. This phenomenon may be of relevance for parasite adaptation to the presence of toxic compounds in human blood, selecting rapidly those parasites that present the less permeable phenotype and developing drug resistance in a single infection.
Download or read book Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016 2030 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-11-04 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization's Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016- 2030 has been developed with the aim to help countries to reduce the human suffering caused by the world's deadliest mosquito-borne disease. Adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015 it provides comprehensive technical guidance to countries and development partners for the next 15 years emphasizing the importance of scaling up malaria responses and moving towards elimination. It also highlights the urgent need to increase investments across all interventions - including preventive measures diagnostic testing treatment and disease surveillance- as well as in harnessing innovation and expanding research. By adopting this strategy WHO Member States have endorsed the bold vision of a world free of malaria and set the ambitious new target of reducing the global malaria burden by 90% by 2030. They also agreed to strengthen health systems address emerging multi-drug and insecticide resistance and intensify national cross-border and regional efforts to scale up malaria responses to protect everyone at risk.
Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.
Download or read book Malaria Control and Elimination written by Frédéric Ariey and published by Methods in Molecular Biology. This book was released on 2020-07-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicoepigenetics written by Shaun D. McCullough and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications examines the core aspects of epigenetics, including chromatin biology, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA, as well as fundamental techniques and considerations for studying each of these mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Although its integration into the field of toxicology is in its infancy, epigenetics have taken center stage in the study of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Increasing the presence of epigenetics in toxicological research allows for a more in-depth understanding of important aspects of toxicology such as the role of the environment and lifestyle influencing the individual susceptibility to these effects and the trans-generational transmission of these health effects and susceptibilities. Methods chapters are included to help improve efficacy and efficiency of protocols in both the laboratory and the classroom. Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications is an essential book for researchers and academics using epigenetics in toxicology research and study. Introduces the fundamental principles and practices for understanding the role of the epigenome in toxicology Presents the foundation of epigenetics for toxicologists with a broad range of backgrounds Discusses the incorporation of epigenetics and epigenomics into current toxicological studies and interpretation of epigenetic data in toxicological applications
Download or read book The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.
Download or read book Genes and Obesity written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of genes have been identified that are associated with an increased body mass index (BMI), the standard measurement of obesity. By analyzing these genes, researchers hope to gain a better understanding of what causes obesity and develop ways to tackle the problem. The study of genes and obesity could lead to new treatments. Genes and Obesity reviews the latest developments in the field. This series provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas Contributions from leading scholars and industry experts Reference guide for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields
Download or read book Vitamin C written by Qi Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitamin C holds a unique place in scientific and cultural history. In this book, a group of leading scientific researchers describe new insights into the myriad ways vitamin C is employed during normal physiological functioning. In addition, the text provides an extensive overview of the following: the rationale for utilizing vitamin C in the clinic, updates on recent uses of vitamin C in cancer treatment through high-dose intravenous therapies, the role vitamin C plays in the treatment of sepsis and infectious disease, management of the ways vitamin C can improve stem cell differentiation, as well as vitamin C use in other important health situations. Features Includes chapters from a team of leading international scholars Reviews the history and recent research on the functions, benefits, and uses of vitamin C Focuses special attention on the way vitamin C can be used in the treatment of cancers Discusses how vitamin C can be employed against infectious disease
Download or read book Drug Resistance in Leishmania Parasites written by Alicia Ponte-Sucre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main problems concerning therapeutic tools for the treatment of parasitic diseases, including leishmaniasis, is that some field parasites are naturally resistant to the classical drugs; additionally, current therapies may select parasites prone to be resistant to the applied drugs. These features are (at least partially) responsible for the disappointing persistence of the disease and resultant deaths worldwide. This book provides a comprehensive view of the pathology of the disease itself, and of parasitic drug resistance, its molecular basis, consequences and possible treatments. Scientists both from academic fields and from the industry involved in biomedical research and drug design, will find in this book a valuable and fundamental guide that conveys the knowledge needed to understand and to improve the success in combating this disease worldwide.
Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Malaria Report 2015assesses global malaria disease trends and changes in the coverage and financing of malaria control programs between 2000 and 2015. It also summarizes progress towards international targets, and provides regional and country profiles that summarize trends in each WHO region and each country with malaria. The report is produced with the help of WHO regional and country offices, ministries of health in endemic countries, and a broad range of other partners. The data presented are assembled from the 96 countries and territories with ongoing malaria transmission, and a further five countries that have recently eliminated malaria. Most data are those reported for 2014 and 2015, although in some cases projections have been made into 2015, to assess progress towards targets for 2015.
Download or read book Textbook of Personalized Medicine written by Kewal K. Jain and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the technology used in personalized medicine and increased applications for clinical use have created a need for this expansion and revision of Kewal K. Jain’s Textbook of Personalized Medicine. As the first definitive work on this topic, this book reviews the fundamentals and development of personalized medicine and subsequent adoptions of the concepts by the biopharmaceutical industry and the medical profession. It also discusses examples of applications in key therapeutic areas, as well as ethical and regulatory issues, providing a concise and comprehensive source of reference for those involved in healthcare management, planning and politics. Algorithms are included as a guide to those involved in the management of important diseases where decision-making is involved due to the multiple choices available. Textbook of Personalized Medicine, Second Edition will serve as a convenient source of information for physicians, scientists, decision makers in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare industries and interested members of the public.
Download or read book Current Topics in Malaria written by Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales and published by . This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Malaria written by Dyann Fergus Wirth and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasitic protozoa that belong to the genus Plasmodium. This disease imposes a significant global health burden, claiming the lives of several thousand children and pregnant women each day. Increasing antimalarial drug resistance and the complexity of the Plasmodium life cycle, among other factors, have made eradication difficult. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biology, pathology, and epidemiology of malaria, as well as ongoing efforts to treat infections and manage their spread. Contributors discuss the Plasmodium life cycle, focusing on the molecular mechanisms by which the various parasitic stages induce clinical symptoms, interact with the immune system, and lead to further transmission of malaria. They also explore topics such as the interaction between mosquito reproduction and Plasmodium development, epigenetic regulation of malaria-associated genes, and unique features of malaria in pregnant women (e.g., parity-dependent susceptibility) and describe how an improved understanding of these phenomena may lead to novel intervention strategies. The driving forces behind antimalarial drug resistance are covered, as is progress in developing an effective vaccine and controlling mosquito populations. This volume is therefore an essential reference for all scientists, clinicians, and public health professionals interested in understanding malaria and reducing its devastating effects.
Download or read book Advances in Malaria Research written by Deepak Gaur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly reviews our current understanding of malarial biology Explores the subject with insights from post-genomic technologies Looks broadly at the disease, vectors of infection, and treatment and prevention strategies A timely publication with chapters written by global researchers leaders
