Download or read book A Multi scale Comparative Study of Shape and Sprawl in Metropolitan Regions of the United States written by Tracy A. Kugler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation constitutes a multi-scale quantitative and qualitative investigation of patterns of urban development in metropolitan regions of the United States. This work has generated a comprehensive data set on spatial patterns of metropolitan development in the U.S. and an approach to the study of such patterns that can be used to further explore the causes and consequences of the shape and character of metropolitan regions. The research focuses on describing and measuring spatial patterns of development at neighborhood and metropolitan regional scales and exploring factors that have helped shape those patterns. While comprehensive testing of hypotheses related to the causes and consequences of metropolitan development patterns is beyond the scope of the dissertation, several hypotheses regarding factors influencing development are suggested, and the rich data set generated by this work lays the groundwork for testing these and other hypotheses. The metropolitan region, consisting of a central city, its suburbs, and the surrounding exurban area, is the primary focal scale of this research. To capture this area of interest, a Metropolitan Region (MR) was defined corresponding to each of 353 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (all MSAs with year 2000 populations between 50,000 and 9 million, except Miami and Baltimore, for which some data were unavailable). Both subjective visual categorization and objective clustering methods were applied to the 353 MRs to generate a typology capturing the range of metropolitan regional shapes in the U.S. The typology confirms the existence of circular and lobed forms described in major theories of urban growth and reveals hybrids and variations of circular, lobed, and polycentric shapes. The national distribution of regional shapes suggests the influence of physical setting and city system context, with linear shapes appearing along mountain ranges and valleys, semi-circular shapes along coastlines, circular shapes in plains, and more complex shapes in areas with a higher concentration of metropolitan regions. Regression algorithms were used to develop an index of sprawl that is based on neighborhood-scale street network, mix of uses, and housing homogeneity data and can be consistently calculated throughout U.S. metropolitan regions. The national distribution of aggregated metropolitan regional sprawl indices reveals the highest degrees of sprawl occurring in the mid-Atlantic and lowest degrees among isolated metropolitan regions in the interior West. Preliminary results connecting the sprawl index to metropolitan regional-scale shapes suggest that monocentric round regions may not necessarily be the least sprawling. Finally, case studies were conducted to investigate factors affecting the influence of planning and shaping development in two mid-sized metropolitan regions. The case studies provide the basis for a general framework that identifies key factors influencing patterns of development in metropolitan regions across the country. The findings from this initial empirical work and the two case studies indicate that spatial patterns of metropolitan development are strongly influenced by regions' physical, legal, historical, city system, economic and cultural context, all of which affect the interactions among and decisions made by planners, developers, and residents that ultimately produce the pattern of the built environment. This data-rich quantitative approach and explicit attention to scale complement the theoretical and qualitative approach of much of the previous work on patterns of metropolitan development.
Download or read book American Metropolitics written by Myron Orfield and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1998, Myron Orfield introduced a revolutionary program for combating the seemingly inevitable decline of America's metropolitan communities. Through a combination of demographic research, state-of-the-art mapping, and resourceful, pragmatic politics, his groundbreaking book, Metropolitics, revealed how the different regions of St. Paul and Minneapolis pulled together to create a regional government powerful enough to tackle the community's problems of sprawl and urban decay. Orfield's new work, American Metropolitics, applies the next generation of cutting-edge research on a much broader scale. The book provides an eye-opening analysis of the economic, racial, environmental, and political trends of the 25 largest metropolitan regions in the United States—which contain more than 45 percent of the U.S. population. Using detailed maps and case studies, Orfield demonstrates that growing social separation and wasteful sprawling development patterns are harming regional citizens wherever they live. With detailed maps of conditions in each metropolitan region, comprehensive data on existing conditions and voter attitudes, and bold, innovative strategies for change, American Metropolitics is an important book for anyone concerned with the future of our cities and suburbs.
Download or read book Remaking American Communities written by David C. Soule and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban sprawl has gained much national attention in recent years. Sprawl involves not only land-use issues but also legal, political, and social concerns. It affects our schools, the environment, and race relations. Comprehensive enough for high school students and also appropriate for college undergraduates, Remaking American Communities delves into the challenges of urban sprawl by turning to some of America's top thinkers on the problem, including Robert Yaro, president of the Regional Plan Association. Other cutting-edge essays include a foreword about the emergence of sprawl by nationally syndicated columnist Neal Peirce, views about race and class by former mayor of Albuquerque David Rusk, and a discussion of transportation dynamics by Curtis Johnson, president of the Citistates Group. ø The essays in this collection explore the core issues of sprawl and the agenda for dealing with it. Complete with a glossary, resources, and contact information for smart-growth alliances, this book is extremely user-friendly. David C. Soule offers an unbiased viewpoint of this national phenomenon in a way that will be accessible to students and those with little background in the issue.
Download or read book Costs of Sprawl written by Reid Ewing and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the nation, the debate over metropolitan sprawl and its impact has become pivotal to urban planning. A decade and a half ago, Smart Growth America and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sought to raise the level of the debate by sponsoring groundbreaking research to quantitatively measure sprawl and its quality-of-life impacts. The resulting measures are widely used in urban research and public health. Costs of Sprawl provides a panoramic guide to urban form in America, measures sprawl for metropolitan areas, urbanized areas, and counties, and studies the relationship between sprawl and quality-of-life outcomes. From this preliminary investigation, it looks like the costs of sprawl are varied and substantial, and the alternative of compact development is far superior. An essential read for researchers, planners, urban designers, policy makers, and smart growth advocates in the U.S. and abroad, this book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of one of the most critical issues in planning today.
Download or read book Don t Call It Sprawl written by William T. Bogart and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-25 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Don't Call It Sprawl, the current policy debate over urban sprawl is put into a broader analytical and historical context. The book informs people about the causes and implications of the changing metropolitan structure rather than trying to persuade them to adopt a panacea to all perceived problems. Bogart explains modern economic ideas about the structure of metropolitan areas to people interested in understanding and influencing the pattern of growth in their city. Much of the debate about sprawl has been driven by a fundamental lack of understanding of the structure, functioning, and evolution of modern metropolitan areas. The book analyzes ways in which suburbs and cities (trading places) trade goods and services with each other. This approach helps us better understand commuting decisions, housing location, business location, and the impact of public policy in such areas as downtown redevelopment and public school reform.
Download or read book Measuring Sprawl in the United States written by Yue Wu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sprawl is significant, low-density development taking place at the periphery wherein there exists limited infrastructure and public services. It has been the subject of much research, due to its widespread occurrence. Previous empirical studies of sprawl measurement had three significant weaknesses: 1) incomplete coverage of the geography being measured; 2) an absence of regional differences in the density variable, and 3) a lack of exclusion of undevelopable lands when calculating the density of an area. In an effort to overcome these shortcomings, this study: 1) measures sprawl for all 3091 counties in the US using economic areas (EA) to group counties; 2) uses variable densities (locally-determined cultural densities) in the sprawl calculation; and 3) calculates "refined densities" for all states and counties in the US by excluding undevelopable lands from the density calculation. Further, the research results included here are compared with those of Rolf Pendall (1999), Robert W. Burchell (2002), and Reid Ewing (2003b), in order to ascertain the impact of their more comprehensive measurement methods on sprawl measurement results. Based upon accurate variable densities, one of six county land use types (urban center, urban, suburban, rural center, rural, undeveloped) is assigned to each US county; a sprawl/non-sprawl is then determined for each county. As a result, out of all 3091 US counties, 492 experience sprawl development during the 2000 to 2020 time period. Over 80 percent (or 396 counties) of these 492 sprawling counties are rural or undeveloped counties; the remaining one-fifth are developing suburban and rural center counties. With no exception, the "refined density" of an individual state is greater than its "gross density." About 65 percent (or 32) of US states have "refined densities" that are at least 1.2 times their original gross densities. Several conclusions can be drawn using the comparative analyses included here. First, sprawl research must focus on the nation as a whole, or on select component regions. Second, variable density is crucial to the accurate calculation urban versus rural counties nationally. Third, developable land must be employed when calculating variable density (i.e. undevelopable lands must be excluded from the density calculation).
Download or read book Cities and Suburbs written by Bernadette Hanlon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the changing nature of metropolitan areas through a comprehensive analysis of the historical, demographic, geographic, economic, and political issues facing the US in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book Metropolis on the Move written by Jean Gottmann and published by New York : Wiley. This book was released on 1966 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Walking City to Sunbelt Sprawl written by Tobias Johnsen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Raising the Bar for Productive Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean written by María Marta Ferreyra and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 70 percent of its population living in cities, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is among the most urbanized regions in the world. Yet, although its cities are, on average, more productive than those elsewhere in the world, their productivity lags that of North American and Western European cities. Closing this gap provides LAC with the opportunity to raise living standards and join the ranks of the world’s richest countries. Raising the Bar: Cities and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean is about the productivity of cities in LAC and the factors that help to explain its determination. Based on original empirical research, the report documents the high levels of population density and other features of LAC cities that mark them out from those in the rest of the world. The report also studies the role of three key factors †“ urban form, skills, and access to markets †“ in determining the productivity of LAC cities. It shows that while excessive congestion forces and inadequate metropolitan coordination seem to be stifling the benefits of agglomeration, LAC cities benefit from strong human capital externalities. It also finds that, within individual LAC countries, cities are poorly integrated with one another, which contributes to large differences in performance across cities and undermines their aggregate contribution to productivity at the national level.
Download or read book A Comparative Survey of Twelve American Cities written by B. Bruce-Briggs and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems written by Walter World Resources Institute and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between local knowledge and western science is essential to understanding the world's ecosystems and the ways in which humans interact with and shape those ecosystems. This book brings together a group of world-class scientists in an unprecedented effort to build a formal framework for linking local and indigenous knowledge with the global scientific enterprise. Contributors explore the challenges, costs, and benefits of bridging scales and knowledge systems in assessment processes and in resource management. Case studies look at a variety of efforts to bridge scales, providing important lessons concerning what has worked, what has not, and the costs and benefits associated with those efforts. Drawing on the groundbreaking work of the Millennium Eco-system Assessment, Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems will be indispensable for future efforts to conduct ecosystem assessments around the world.
Download or read book Travel efficient Urban Form written by Yu-hsin Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Costs of Sprawl revisited written by Robert W. Burchell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a working definition of sprawl and its associated costs, then provides historical discussion, dating back to the early 1920s when zoning acts were initially developed, and to the 1950s when the term sprawl entered the planning literature. It also systematically presents the literature on sprawl in chapters that focus on the following major areas of impact: public/private capital and operating costs; transportation and travel costs; land/natural habitat preservation; quality of life; and social issues. Finally, the report presents annotations of studies, organized in chapters that focus on the same five major impact areas as Section II.
Download or read book Urban Sprawl in Europe written by Chris Couch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban sprawl is one of the most important types of land-use changes currently affecting Europe. It increasingly creates major impacts on the environment (via surface sealing, emissions by transport and ecosystem fragmentation); on the social structure of an area (by segregation, lifestyle changes and neglecting urban centres); and on the economy (via distributed production, land prices, and issues of scale). Urban Sprawl in Europe: landscapes, land-use change & policy explains the nature and dynamics of urban sprawl. The book is written in three parts. Part I considers contemporary definitions, theories and trends in European urban sprawl. In part II authors draw upon experiences from across Europe to consider urban sprawl from a number of perspectives: Infrastructure-related sprawl, such as can be seen around Athens; Sprawl in the post-socialist city, as typified by Warsaw, Leipzig and Ljubljana; Decline and sprawl, where a comparative analysis of Liverpool and Leipzig shows that sprawl is not confined to expanding cities; Sprawl based on the development of second homes as found in Sweden, Austria and elsewhere. In part III a formal qualitative model of sprawl is developed. Policies for the control of urban sprawl and the roles of different stakeholders are considered. Finally, a concluding chapter raises questions about the nature and dynamics of these new urban landscapes and their sustainability.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning written by Randall Crane and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why plan? How and what do we plan? Who plans for whom? These three questions are then applied across three major topics in planning: States, Markets, and the Provision of Social Goods; The Methods and Substance of Planning; and Agency, Implementation, and Decision Making.
Download or read book Digital Analysis of Urban Structure and Its Environment Implication written by Weijun Gao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-09 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides new information to understand the relationship between urban development and environmental change to the reader. How to create a sustainable and livable urban environment and realize the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) is one of the biggest challenges in this century, even in the next centuries. The covered subject areas of this book aim at finding a way to push SDGs forward by collecting the related knowledge between urban development and its environmental implication. Specifically, the book focuses on UN SDGs 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and 13 (climate action). Regarding the SDGs 9, this book assesses urban population mobility, urban ecosystem services, and green infrastructure to address climate change in cities. Regarding the SDGs 11, this book explores the sustainability of urban landscape change associated with urbanization based on a multi-scale perspective. Regarding the SDGs 13, this book explores the issues affecting the development of healthy cities in the context of climate change and possible ways to address them. This book focuses on newer fields related to various forms of urbanization and urban climate. Under different urbanization and development scenarios, the city and built environment are facing new challenges and become a major concern. Better understandings of related physical laws and sustainable technologies are badly needed. This book is a good reference to urban planners, city officials, citizens who are concerned about the city environment, and policymakers, as well as students studying urban structure and environment.
