Download or read book A Model of Trade with Endogenous Product Design written by Pak Hung Au and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade and Variety in a Model of Endogenous Product Differentiation written by Oliver Lorz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper sets up a model of endogenous product differentiation to analyze the variety effects of international trade. In our model multi-product firms decide not only about the number of varieties they supply but also about the degree of horizontal differentiation between these varieties. Firms can raise the degree of differentiation by investing variety-specific fixed costs. In this setting, we analyze how trade integration, i.e. an increase in market size, influences the number of firms in the market, the number of product varieties supplied by each firm, and the degree of differentiation.

Download or read book Endogenous Product Cycles written by Gene M. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We construct a model of the product cycle featuring endogenous innovation and endogenous technology transfer. Competitive entrepreneurs in the North expend resources to bring out new products whenever expected present discounted value of future oligopoly profits exceeds current product development costs. Each Northern oligopolist continuously faces the risk that its product will be copied by a Southern imitator, at which time its profit stream will come to an end. In the South, competitive entrepreneurs may devote resources to learning the production processes that have been developed in the North. There too, costs (of reverse engineering) must be covered by a stream of operating profits. We study the determinants of the long-run rate of growth of the world economy, and the long-run rate of technological diffusion. We also provide an analysis of the effects of exogenous events and of public policy on relative wage rates in the two regions.

Download or read book Trade Costs and International Strategy of Firms written by Pierre Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade Globalization and Development written by Rajat Acharyya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written in honour of Professor Kalyan K. Sanyal, who was an excellent educator and renowned scholar in the field of international economics. One of his research papers co-authored with Ronald Jones, entitled “The Theory of Trade in Middle Products” and published in American Economic Review in 1982, was a seminal work in the field of international trade theory. This paper would go on to inspire many subsequent significant works by researchers across the globe on trade in intermediate goods. The larger impact of any paper, beyond the number of citations, lies in terms of the passion it sparks among younger researchers to pursue new questions. Measured by this yardstick, Sanyal’s contribution in trade theory will undoubtedly be regarded as historic. After completing his Ph.D. at the University of Rochester he joined the Department of Economics at Calcutta University in the early 1980s and taught trade theory there for almost three decades. His insights, articulation and brilliance in teaching international economics have influenced and shaped the intellectual development of many of his students. After his sudden passing in February 2012, his students and colleagues organized a symposium in his honour at the Department of Economics, Jadavpur University from April 19 to 20, 2012. This book, a small tribute to his intellect and contribution, has been a follow-up on that endeavour, and a collective effort of many people including his teachers, friends, colleagues and students. In a nutshell it discusses intermediation of various kinds with significant implications for market integration through trade and finance. That trade can generate many non-trade-service sector links has recently emerged as a topic of growing concern and can trace its lineage back to the idea of the middle product, a recurring concept in Prof. Sanyal’s work.

Download or read book On Endogenous Product Cycles Under Costly Trade written by Adolfo Cristobal-Campoamor and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catchup and convergence of developing economies with the Western world is a major experience in modern history. In this paper we explore the role played by a gradual trade liberalization in a product cycle model. In contrast to the literature on product cycles, which had so far derived conditions for North-South convergence only in the vicinity of completely free trade, we explore the consequences of a gradual trade liberalization at any level of initial trade costs. It is proved that the convergence phenomenon arises if the size and R&D productivity of the North is sufficiently large, relative to the South, and the elasticity of substitution among manufactures is high enough.

Download or read book International Trade with Endogenous Technological Change written by Luis Rivera-Batiz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explain why trade restrictions sometimes speed up worldwide growth and sometimes slow it down, we exploit an analogy with the theory of consumer behavior. substitution effects make demand curves slope down, but income effects can increase or decrease the slope, and can sometimes overwhelm the substitution effect. We decompose changes in the worldwide growth rate into two effects (integration and redundancy) that unambiguously slow down growth, and a third effect (allocation) that can either speed it up or slow it down. We study two types of trade restrictions to illustrate the use of this decomposition. The first is across the board restrictions on traded goods in an otherwise perfect market. The second is selective protection of knowledge-intensive goods in a world with imperfect intellectual property rights. In both examples, we show that for trade between similar regions such as Europe and North America, the first two effects dominate; starting from free trade, restrictions unambiguously reduce worldwide growth.

Download or read book Economic Development and Endogenous Terms of trade Determination written by Thomas Ziesemer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endogenous Growth Theory written by Philippe Aghion and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Problems and solutions by Cecilia Garcâia-Peänalosa in collaboration with Jan Boone, Chol-Won Li, and Lucy White." Includes bibliographical references (p. [665]-687) and index.

Download or read book The Dynamic Effects of Trade Liberalization written by Joseph F. Francois and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade and Trade Policy in Endogenous Growth Models written by Michael Scott Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rethinking Economic Development Growth and Institutions written by Jaime Ros and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the contributions that early development theory can make to growth economics in answering why some countries are richer than others and why some economies grow faster than others.

Download or read book An Inframarginal Approach to Trade Theory written by Xiaokai Yang and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. Introduction. 1. Divison of labor and corner solutions in positive trade theory / Christis G. Tombazos -- pt. 2. Origins of inframarginal applications to trade theory. 2. Economics and biology : specialization and speciation / Hendrik S. Houthakker. 3. Substitution and division of labour / Sherwin Rosen. 4. Trade and insurance with moral hazard / Avinash Dixit. 5. Trade and insurance with imperfectly observed outcomes / Avinash Dixit -- pt. 3. Exogenous comparative advantage : corner solutions in the Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardian models of trade. 6. An inframarginal analysis of the Ricardian model / Wen Li Cheng, Jeffrey Sachs and Xiaokai Yang. 7. A Ricardian model with endogenous comparative advantage and endogenous trade policy regimes / Wen Li Cheng, Meng-Chun Liu and Xiaokai Yang. 8. A general-equilibrium re-appraisal of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem / Wen Li Cheng, Jeffrey Sachs and Xiaokai Yang -- pt. 4. Division of labor in models of trade with economies of scale. 9. A Ricardo model with economies of scale / Ralph E. Gomory. 10. Pattern of trade and economic development in a model of monopolistic competition / Jeffrey Sachs, Xiaokai Yang and Dingsheng Zhang. 11. Market led industrialization and globalization / Jeffrey Sachs and Xiaokai Yang -- pt. 5. Economies of specialization and endogenous comparative advantage. 12. Specialization and product diversity / Xiaokai Yang and He-Ling Shi. 13. Endogenous vs. exogenous comparative advantage and economies of specialization vs. economies of scale / Xiaokai Yang. 14. A new theory of demand and supply and emergence of international trade from domestic trade / Xiaokai Yang. 15. Walrasian equilibrium computation, network formation, and the Wen theorem / Shuntian Yao -- pt. 6. Inframarginal analysis of trade policy, dual structures, and globalization. 16. Globalization, dual economy, and economic development / Jeffrey Sachs, Xiaokai Yang and Dingsheng Zhang. 17. Endogenous structure of the division of labor, endogenous trade policy regime, and a dual structure in economic development / Xiaokai Yang and Dingsheng Zhang -- pt. 7. Dynamic inframarginal analysis of trade models with endogenous comparative advantage. 18. A microeconomic mechanism for economic growth / Xiaokai Yang and Jeff Borland. 19. Specialization and a new approach to economic organization and growth / Jeff Borland and Xiaokai Yang. 20. Specialization, information, and growth : a sequential equilibrium analysis / Yew-Kwang Ng and Xiaokai Yang. 21. Evolution in division of labor and macroeconomic policies / Junxi Zhang. 22. Division of labor, money and economic progress / Wen Li Cheng

Download or read book Models of Trade and Development written by Ram Dayal and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced International Trade written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade is a cornerstone concept in economics worldwide. This updated second edition of the essential graduate textbook in international trade brings readers to the forefront of knowledge in the field and prepares students to undertake their own research. In Advanced International Trade, Robert Feenstra integrates the most current theoretical approaches with empirical evidence, and these materials are supplemented in each chapter by theoretical and empirical exercises. Feenstra explores a wealth of material, such as the Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin models, extensions to many goods and factors, and the role of tariffs, quotas, and other trade policies. He examines imperfect competition, offshoring, political economy, multinationals, endogenous growth, the gravity equation, and the organization of the firm in international trade. Feenstra also includes a new chapter on monopolistic competition with heterogeneous firms, with many applications of that model. In addition to known results, the book looks at some particularly important unpublished results by various authors. Two appendices draw on index numbers and discrete choice models to describe methods applicable to research problems in international trade. Completely revised with the latest developments and brand-new materials, Advanced International Trade is a classic textbook that will be used widely by students and practitioners of economics for a long time to come. Updated second edition of the essential graduate textbook Current approaches and a new chapter on monopolistic competition with heterogeneous firms Supplementary materials in each chapter Theoretical and empirical exercises Two appendices describe methods for international trade research

Download or read book The Economic Theory of Product Differentiation written by John Beath and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-02-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are few industries in modern market economies that do not manufacture differentiated products. This book provides a systematic explanation and analysis of the widespread prevalence of this important category of products. The authors concentrate on models in which product selection is endogenous. In the first four chapters they consider models that try to predict the level of product differentiation that would emerge in situations of market equilibrium. These market equilibria with differentiated products are characterised and then compared with social welfare optima. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between horizontal and vertical differentiation as well as to the related issues of product quality and durability. This book brings together the most important theoretical contributions to these topics in a succinct and coherent manner. One of its major strengths is the way in which it carefully sets out the basic intuition behind the formal results. It will be useful to advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in industrial economics and microeconomic theory.

Download or read book A Macroeconomics Reader written by Brian Snowdon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1997-07-10 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Macroeconomics Reader brings together a collection of key readings in modern macroeconomics. Each article has been carefully chosen to provide the reader with accessible, non-technical, and reflective papers which critically assess important areas and current controversies within modern macroeconomics.The book is divided into six parts, each with