Download or read book A Model for the Stochastic Fracture Behavior of Glass and Its Application to the Head Impact on Automotive Windscreens written by Christopher Brokmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-02 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the stochastic strength of glass and the application to the automotive windscreen. A finite element model is derived. This is then validated using known phenomena in connection with the fracture behaviour of glass. After the strength of a windscreen has been intensively investigated, experiments with wind windscreen, experiments with windscreens are simulated by means of the model. Finally, the probability of a pedestrian suffering a head injury on impact with a windscreen is predicted. of a pedestrian hitting a windscreen is predicted, taking into account the stochastic breakage behaviour of glass. Up to now, this has not been taken into account in EuroNCAP crash tests, for example.
Download or read book A Methodology to Model the Statistical Fracture Behavior of Acrylic Glasses for Stochastic Simulation written by Marcel Berlinger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A statistical modelling method for simulating the fracture behaviour of acrylic glass is presented using the application case of an automotive rear side window. The collection of the necessary measurement data and their analysis is described. The aim is to give guidance to users of comparable materials. Finally, the model is integrated into the finite element simulation of a head impact test of the pane. Based on the resulting spread of the head injury criterion, the relevance of a statistical material characterisation for product safety is discussed.
Download or read book Impact Behavior and Pedestrian Protection of Automotive Laminated Windshield written by Jun Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses one of the most important components for pedestrian safety in vehicles – laminated windshields. It includes detailed real-world material characterization results for laminated glass and testing methodologies, constitutive models, and step-by-step numerical simulation modeling and simulation methods. As such, the book provides readers a thorough understanding of the mechanical behaviors of laminated glass and windshields. It also presents fundamental test data, analysis methodologies and essential insights into laminated glass safety design and mechanical behavior prediction. The book addresses the needs of researchers, engineers and postgraduate students in the fields of automotive engineering, mechanical engineering and related areas.
Download or read book Stochastic Approach to Rupture Probability of Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene based on Three Point Bending Tests written by Nikolai Sygusch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-20 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for incorporating and comparing stochastic scatter of macroscopic parameters in crash simulations is developed in the present work and applied on a 30 wt.% short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. Therefore, a statistical testing plan on the basis of three point bending tests with 30 samples for each configuration is carried out. The tests are conducted at 0°, 30°, 45° and 90° orientation angles and at strain rates of 0.021/s and 85/s. The obtained results are evaluated statistically by means of probability distribution functions. An orthotropic elastic plastic material model is utilized for the numerical investigations. Monte Carlo Simulations with variations in macroscopic parameters are run to emulate the stochastic rupture behavior of the experiments.
Download or read book Dynamic Response and Damage Mechanics of Automotive Glazing Subjected to Simulated Head Impact written by Shuangmei Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Head impact safety is a significant consideration in the design of passenger vehicles, so it is necessary to investigate the mechanical behavior of automotive glazing subjected to occupant head impact. Most of the previous work on laminated glass under head impact has primarily concerned the dynamic response of head rather than the laminated glazing. Any attempt to design glazing that minimizes injury to and death of occupants during a vehicle accident requires a thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior of automotive glazing subjected to head impact loads. An analytical solution based on the large-deflection plate theory is presented to characterize the dynamic response of a laminated automotive glazing subjected to simulated head impact and the results are compared with those obtained using a 3-D nonlinear finite element model"--Abstract, leaf iv.
Download or read book Head Impact Evaluation Onto Conventional Tempered Glass and Laminated Glass Car Windows in Side Impact and Rollover Accidents written by Naman Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The occupant injuries in the side impact crash and rollover are more severe than those in frontal impacts as the occupant is partially or fully ejected through the side window and comes in contact with foreign objects such as poles, trees, other vehicles, etc. Since ejections are mainly caused by failure of side window glass conventionally made of tempered glass, the vehicle side window glass is increasingly being replaced with laminated glazing by the automotive industry. Laminated glass does not break upon impact and helps in keeping the occupant from ejecting out of the car in side impact or rollover. In this research, the impact injury potential to the human head is studied and quantified for both tempered glass and laminated glass windows. First, the finite element (FE) models of tempered glass and laminated glass are developed in Hypermesh. These FE models are quasi-statically tested with a hybrid III dummy free-motion head-form (FMH). Force versus displacement graphs are plotted and validated with the results obtained from a physical static experiment. A series of impact test simulations are conducted on both tempered and laminated glass with the H-III FMH at varying impact speeds. Acceleration and the head injury criteria (HIC) values are determined for each impact test simulation. The simulations clearly indicate that the tempered glass fails upon impact and the FMH ejects; however the laminated glass does not break and contains the FMH. A second series of impact test simulations involve a FE model of a rigid pole placed behind the two glass types to study the secondary head impacts. The results show that the tempered glass breaks and allows head to strike the pole with high head injury potential, whereas the laminated glass contains the head. Based on the results, this study demonstrates the laminated glass acts as a shield between the occupant and the surrounding objects and protects the occupant from ejecting.
Download or read book Windscreens and Safety a Review written by N. Pronk and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Use of Glass written by Matthias Haldimann and published by IABSE. This book was released on 2008 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to redress this issue by providing an overview of the recent developments in this field thereby providing a basis for the understanding of the structural performance and design of glass in buildings. Each chapter draws on the latest developments in practice and research and contains contributions from various international glass experts. The mix of general and specialist content ranging from rules of thumb to fracture mechanics and novel applications to post-breakage performance make this book useful to practitioners and researchers. Furthermore, the text is supplemented by tables of the major codes of practice and by an extensive list of references.
Download or read book Automotive Development Processes written by Julian Weber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global crisis the automotive industry has slipped into over the second half of 2008 has set a fierce spotlight not only on which cars are the right ones to bring to the market but also on how these cars are developed. Be it OEMs developing new models, suppliers integerating themselves deeper into the development processes of different OEMs, analysts estimating economical risks and opportunities of automotive investments, or even governments creating and evaluating scenarios for financial aid for suffering automotive companies: At the end of the day, it is absolutely indispensable to comprehensively understand the processes of auto- tive development – the core subject of this book. Let’s face it: More than a century after Carl Benz, Wilhelm Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler developed and produced their first motor vehicles, the overall concept of passenger cars has not changed much. Even though components have been considerably optimized since then, motor cars in the 21st century are still driven by combustion engines that transmit their propulsive power to the road s- face via gearboxes, transmission shafts and wheels, which together with spri- damper units allow driving stability and ride comfort. Vehicles are still navigated by means of a steering wheel that turns the front wheels, and the required control elements are still located on a dashboard in front of the driver who operates the car sitting in a seat.
Download or read book Sol Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users written by Michel Andre Aegerter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users provides technological information, descriptions and characterizations of prototypes, or products already on the market, and illustrates advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. The first chapter entitled "Wet Chemical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. The most promising applications are related to coatings. Chapter 2 describes the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" from glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques. These include patterning of coatings through direct or indirect techniques which have became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly well adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of special glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coatings and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel materials, fibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and products.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics written by Frank Träger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-05 with total page 1704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition features numerous updates and additions. Especially 4 new chapters on Fiber Optics, Integrated Optics, Frequency Combs and Interferometry reflect the changes since the first edition. In addition, major complete updates for the chapters: Optical Materials and Their Properties, Optical Detectors, Nanooptics, and Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit. Features Contains over 1000 two-color illustrations. Includes over 120 comprehensive tables with properties of optical materials and light sources. Emphasizes physical concepts over extensive mathematical derivations. Chapters with summaries, detailed index Delivers a wealth of up-to-date references.
Download or read book Accidental Injury written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury and prevention. The editors, Drs. Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum and John W. Melvin are recognized international leaders and researchers in injury biomechanics, prevention and trauma medicine. They have assembled renowned researchers as authors for 29 chapters to cover individual aspects of human injury assessment and prevention. This third edition is thoroughly revised and expanded with new chapters in different fields. Topics covered address automotive, aviation, military and other environments. Field data collection; injury coding/scaling; injury epidemiology; mechanisms of injury; human tolerance to injury; simulations using experimental, complex computational models (finite element modeling) and statistical processes; anthropomorphic test device design, development and validation for crashworthiness applications in topics cited above; and current regulations are covered. Risk functions and injury criteria for various body regions are included. Adult and pediatric populations are addressed. The exhaustive list of references in many areas along with the latest developments is valuable to all those involved or intend to pursue this important topic on human injury biomechanics and prevention. The expanded edition will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians, biomedical researchers in many disciplines, basic scientists, attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases and governmental bodies. It is hoped that this book will foster multidisciplinary collaborations by medical and engineering researchers and academicians and practicing physicians for injury assessment and prevention and stimulate more applied research, education and training in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention.
Download or read book Analysis and Design of Machine Elements written by Wei Jiang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating Chinese, European, and International standards and units of measurement, this book presents a classic subject in an up-to-date manner with a strong emphasis on failure analysis and prevention-based machine element design. It presents concepts, principles, data, analyses, procedures, and decision-making techniques necessary to design safe, efficient, and workable machine elements. Design-centric and focused, the book will help students develop the ability to conceptualize designs from written requirements and to translate these design concepts into models and detailed manufacturing drawings. Presents a consistent approach to the design of different machine elements from failure analysis through strength analysis and structural design, which facilitates students’ understanding, learning, and integration of analysis with design Fundamental theoretical topics such as mechanics, friction, wear and lubrication, and fluid mechanics are embedded in each chapter to illustrate design in practice Includes examples, exercises, review questions, design and practice problems, and CAD examples in each self-contained chapter to enhance learning Analysis and Design of Machine Elements is a design-centric textbook for advanced undergraduates majoring in Mechanical Engineering. Advanced students and engineers specializing in product design, vehicle engineering, power machinery, and engineering will also find it a useful reference and practical guide.
Download or read book Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction written by Harold Franck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years, Harold and Darren Franck have investigated hundreds of accidents involving vehicles of almost every shape, size, and type imaginable. In Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction: A Forensic Engineering Perspective, these seasoned experts demonstrate the application of mathematics to modeling accident reconstructions
Download or read book Proceedings of the 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference SAE China Congress 2017 Selected Papers written by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE-China) and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-06 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Proceedings volume gathers outstanding papers submitted to the 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference & 2017 SAE-China Congress, the majority of which are from China – the largest car-maker as well as most dynamic car market in the world. The book covers a wide range of automotive topics, presenting the latest technical advances and approaches to help technicians solve the practical problems that most affect their daily work.
Download or read book Nanostructure Science and Technology written by Richard W. Siegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.
Download or read book Corpus linguistics written by Stefanowitsch, Anatol and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corpora are used widely in linguistics, but not always wisely. This book attempts to frame corpus linguistics systematically as a variant of the observational method. The first part introduces the reader to the general methodological discussions surrounding corpus data as well as the practice of doing corpus linguistics, including issues such as the scientific research cycle, research design, extraction of corpus data and statistical evaluation. The second part consists of a number of case studies from the main areas of corpus linguistics (lexical associations, morphology, grammar, text and metaphor), surveying the range of issues studied in corpus linguistics while at the same time showing how they fit into the methodology outlined in the first part.
