Download or read book A Master Regulator of Oxidative StressThe Transcription Factor Nrf2 written by Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-12-21 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to that at present, the majority of diseases are associated with alterations in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and in that Nrf-2 is a modulator of these processes; knowing how this transcriptional factor functions and is regulated opens a therapeutic window to diverse diseases. Therefore, the efforts of various investigation groups are centered on finding activators and/or inhibitors of Nrf-2 to prevent or control diverse diseases, for example, cancer, where it would be important to regulate Nrf-2 in order for it to activate apoptosis pathways in cancerogenous cells, or in neurodegenerative diseases where cell death is predominant, it would be important for Nrf-2 to activate antiapoptotic pathways.
Download or read book A Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress The Transcription Factor Nrf2 written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress written by Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Pharmacological Study of Transcription Factor Nrf2 written by Wen Lin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of ARE-mediated gene expression of Phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. In the proposed study, we tested whether nuclear receptor-associated coactivator-3 (RAC3) could participate in the stimulation of transactivation activity of Gal4-Nrf 2 (1-370) with other coactivators. We showed for the first time that the p160 coactivator RAC3 could stimulate the transactivation activity of Gal4-Nrf 2 (1-370) and this could be further enhanced by the coregulators CBP, p/CAF, CARM-1, and PRMT1. Besides, we found that regulation of Nrf2-dependent ARE-driven gene expression by small Mafs protein is dependent on dosage and the ratio of Maf to Nrf2. On the other hand, ERK2 significantly enhanced the expression of ARE-driven luciferase. ERK2 and MafG synergistically upregulated the Nrf2-activated ARE-driven luciferase expression. Nrf2 was identified as a direct substrate of ERK2 both in vivo as well as in vitro for the first time. The phosphorylation of Nrf2 by ERK2 increased its heterodimerization with small Maf proteins. To extrapolate the implication of Nrf2 in inflammation, we compared the anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane on LPS-stimulated inflammation in primary peritoneal macrophages derived from Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 mice. The anti-inflammatory effect was attenuated in Nrf2 ( -/- ) primary peritoneal macrophages. We concluded that sulforaphane exerts its anti-inflammatory activity mainly via activation of Nrf2 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. To better facilitate application of sulforaphane in therapeutics, the pharmacokinetics characterization was investigated in rats. Toxicogenomics study of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma] agonist (PPAR[gamma]) troglitazone (TGZ) in mouse liver as well as to identify TGZ modulated Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)--dependent genes was performed. Utilization of animal model of cellular defense deficiency identified Nrf2-dependent genes in response to TGZ and reveals the role of Nrf2 molecule in toxicity caused by TGZ.
Download or read book Perturbation of Cellular Redox Status written by Lokesh Gambhir and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of cellular redox homeostasis determines the fate of the cell. Perturbation in redox status is known to elicit multiple cellular pathways. Role of oxidative stress modulation in channelizing the cell towards apoptosis or rescuing the cell by activating pro-survival pathways, depends on the levels of generated oxidative stress. High levels of generated oxidative stress induce cell death pathways whereas mild and low levels are known to elicit the cell survival pathways. Generation of ROS for a short duration of time inducing Redox ticking also triggers the pro-survival pathways inside the cell. Nrf2 is the redox sensitive prosurvival transcription factor which acts as master regulator of redox equilibrium. Nrf2 and its dependent genes including HO-1, GCLC, NQO1 etc. are involved in maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. Role of Nrf2 as dual edges sword has been highlighted in past decade. The cross talk between the Nrf2 and NF-κB is at the focal point of building the redox response network. The present chapter is aimed at providing the insight on the role of Nrf2 and NF-κB as redox sensitive transcription factors in regulating cellular redox status. Further, the chapter brings in light the therapeutic potential of targeting Nrf2 under multiple clinical settings.
Download or read book Flavonoids and Anti Aging written by Karam F.A. Soliman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-03 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was described as a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response. Moreover, many critical biological functions linked to cell viability, metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to Nrf2, which regulates over 600 genes. It is well known that oxidative stress, which Nrf2 can ameliorate, plays a key role in many pathologic processes such as aging, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, on the other hand, through their ability to activate and upregulate Nrf2, can have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Flavonoids are an essential ingredient in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals. The present book Flavonoids and Anti-Aging: The Role of Transcription Factor Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor2 focuses on the interaction between Nrf2 and flavonoids and their applications in various conditions such as aging, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disease and many other areas. Key Features: Focuses on the mechanisms and use of flavonoids in activating Nrf2 as an anti-aging and "WELLNESS" molecule Provides a specific approach to flavonoid activation of Nrf2 and its implications in aging and various disease conditions and its applications as nutraceuticals Presents flavonoid-based functional foods Discusses the flavonoid nutraceuticals market and future trends Written by experts in the field, this book provides a unique approach to understanding the flavonoid activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for many different disease conditions due to increased reactive oxidative species in the body caused by some physiological triggers.
Download or read book NRF2 Rewires Cellular Metabolism to Support the Antioxidant Response written by Ting-Yu Lin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transcription factor (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2, NRF2) is a master regulator of the cellular response to oxidative insults. While antioxidant response enzymes are well-characterized transcriptional targets of NRF2, it is recently becoming clear that NRF2 also supports cellular detoxification through metabolic rewiring to support the antioxidant systems. In this chapter, we discuss the regulation of NRF2 and how NRF2 activation promotes the antioxidant defense of cells. Furthermore, we discuss how reactive oxygen species influence cellular metabolism and how this affects antioxidant function. We also discuss how NRF2 reprograms cellular metabolism to support the antioxidant response and how this functions to funnel metabolic intermediates into antioxidant pathways. This chapter concludes by exploring how these factors may contribute to both normal physiology and disease.
Download or read book Chemosensitivity written by Rosalyn D. Blumenthal and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2005-02-14 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the art collection of readily reproducible laboratory methods for assessing chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, and for assessing the parameters that modulate chemosensitivity in individual tumors. Chemosensitivity,Volume 2: In Vivo Models, Imaging, and Molecular Regulators contains cutting-edge protocols for classifying tumors into response categories and for customizing therapy to individuals. These readily reproducible techniques allow measurements of DNA damage, apoptotic cell death, and the molecular and cellular regulators of cytotoxicity, as well as in vivo animal modeling of chemosensitivity. A companion volume, Volume 1: In Vitro Assays contains in vitro and in vivo techniques to identify which new agents or combination of agents are effective for each type of tumor.
Download or read book Role of Nrf2 in Disease Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches written by Javier Egea and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Nrf1 and Nrf2 related Transcription Factor Cnc C Mediates Multiple Stress Responses in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Min Tian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ineffective cellular stress responses contribute to the development of multiple diseases. A family of the highly conserved transcription factors represented by Cnc proteins in Drosophila and Nrf proteins in mammals includes important mediators of such stress responses. One such protein, mammalian, Nrf2, is a master regulator of oxidative stress defense genes. The related Nrf1 protein, in contrast plays an important role in preventing or ameliorating unfolded protein stress and maintaining effective proteasomal protein degradation. The cap’n’collar (cnc) gene encodes the sole member of this family in Drosophila. Work by the Bohmann lab has previously shown the Cnc C-splice form, CncC, to be a functional homolog of Nrf2 and to regulate the expression of many antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress. No other cnc family gene is present in the Drosophila genome and whether a fly homolog of Nrf1 exists had remained unclear. I and others, however, noticed, sequence similarities between CncC and Nrf1, raising the possibility that the Drosophila cnc locus encodes one or several proteins that combine the functions of Nrf1 and Nrf2. Here, I provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. I show that CncC mediates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress and proteasome dysfunction by two distinct mechanisms. I show that the activation of CncC in response to impaired proteasome function requires the aspartic protease Rings Lost (Rngo) and Nglycanase 1 (Ngly1). Intriguingly, since a recessive mutation of the human ngly1 gene is the cause of a rare neurological syndrome (N-glycanase deficiency), loss of Nrf1 function may contribute to the pathology of this disease. My work establishes Drosophila CncC as an interesting model to study the interplay and coordination of the cellular responses to proteotoxic and oxidative stresses. Taking advantage of the Drosophila system to investigate the biology of the Nrf protein family may thus contribute to the understanding of human diseases that are associated with cellular stress, possibly including N-glycanase deficiency. The second chapter of my thesis focuses on the relationship between high sugar diet, obesity and oxidative stress. It has been shown that obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress in multiple tissues. This increased oxidative stress can be caused by either increased ROS production or decreased antioxidant mechanisms. While it has been shown that overnutrition increases ROS production in mitochondria, how nutrition surplus affects antioxidant defense pathways is less well understood. I hypothesized that nutrition surplus compromises the oxidative stress defense. To explore this idea, I established an obesity model in which Drosophila is exposed to a high-sucrose diet. Consistent with the starting hypothesis, I found that high-sucrose food suppresses the fly’s oxidative stress defense. Further experiments are needed to understand the molecular mechanism by which high-sucrose diet reduces antioxidant responses. My experiments establish a connection between high-sucrose diet and oxidative stress defense and demonstrate the advantage of using the fruit fly as an animal model to study the health effects of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Download or read book Dietary Supplement Use Among U S Adults Has Increased Since NHANES III 1988 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report provides estimates of dietary supplement use for specific population groups over time. In addition to overall use of dietary supplements, this report focuses on estimates for specific nutrients consumed through dietary supplement use."--Cover.
Download or read book Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease: Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements provides valuable insights into the agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the liver. It provides nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver disease. Information is presented on a variety of foods, including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil, thus illustrating that variations in intake can change antioxidant and disease preventing non-nutrients that affect liver health and/or disease promotion. This book is a valuable resource for biomedical researchers who focus on identifying the causes of liver diseases and food scientists targeting health-related product development. - Provides information on agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the liver - Explores the impact of composition, including differences based on country of origin and processing techniques - Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact liver disease, including reduction of inflammation and improved function
Download or read book Redox Proteomics written by Isabella Dalle-Donne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology and applications of redox proteomics The relatively new and rapidly changing field of redox proteomics has the potential to revolutionize how we diagnose disease, assess risks, determine prognoses, and target therapeutic strategies for people with inflammatory and aging-associated diseases. This collection brings together, in one comprehensive volume, a broad array of information and insights into normal and altered physiology, molecular mechanisms of disease states, and new applications of the rapidly evolving techniques of proteomics. Written by some of the finest investigators in this area, Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases examines the key topics of redox proteomics and redox control of cellular function, including: * The role of oxidized proteins in various disorders * Pioneering studies on the development of redox proteomics * Analytical methodologies for identification and structural characterization of proteins affected by oxidative/nitrosative modifications * The response and regulation of protein oxidation in different cell types * The pathological implications of protein oxidation for conditions, including asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, and Alzheimer's disease Distinguished by its in-depth discussions, balanced methodological approach, and emphasis on medical applications and diagnosis development, Redox Proteomics is a rich resource for all professionals with an interest in proteomics, cellular physiology and its alterations in disease states, and related fields.
Download or read book The Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer written by Robert Clarke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents state-of-the-art information on each of the arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR), how their activation/repression are regulated, integrated, and coordinated, how UPR components affect cancer cell biology and responsiveness to therapeutic interventions, and how UPR components/activities offer potentially novel targets for drug discovery, repurposing, and development. The volume will provide the most recent information on the signaling and regulation of the UPR, explore examples of how the UPR and/or specific components contribute to cancer biology, and identify and explore specific examples of potently new actionable targets for drug discovery and development from within the UPR and its regulation. Unique to the volume will be a specific focus on the UPR and its role in cancer biology, as well as a discussion of the role of the UPR in drug responses and resistance in cancer.
Download or read book Public Health Consequences of E Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Download or read book Nrf2 A Candidate Therapeutic Target to Dampen Oxidative Stress in Acute Myocardial Infarction written by Anthony Maltagliati and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This literature review posits that the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is an attractive candidate therapeutic target in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This transcription factor binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in the promoter region of a battery of genes that collectively encode an array of antioxidant, phase II drug metabolism, metabolically stabilizing, and overall cytoprotective enzymes, facilitating their transcription at basal levels and increasing transcription in response to various cellular stressors. Following a brief background tutorial on normal cardiac myocyte cellular physiology, key events that occur early in ischemia and reperfusion are outlined and integrated. These include ionic and metabolic dysregulation, electron transport chain uncoupling, mitochondrial depolarization, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Abrupt changes in response to ischemia prime opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and cardiac myocytes to generate a burst of ROS upon reperfusion–two key events that contribute to the umbrella term ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). How ROS damage cells is then outlined, and through a ROS-centric viewpoint, a case will be made as to how exogenous upregulation of Nrf2 could protect and/or salvage at-risk tissue immediately subjected to infarction and neighboring tissue in the peri-infarct zone (PIZ). The history of how Nrf2 came to be known as the "master regulator of oxidative stress" is reviewed, as well as the discovery of the canonical mechanism of Nrf2 regulation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and other alternative mechanisms of endogenous Nrf2 regulation. Finally, compiling interdisciplinary evidence from research publications around the world, the benefits of therapeutically targeting Nrf2 are considered given the timescale and context of acute MI. Drug delivery methods, potential challenges, and limitations are then considered. Cardiac tissue is a dynamic substrate that exhibits changes for up to 90 days after AMI and patient outcomes are directly related to the extent of tissue lost following infarction/reperfusion. Targeting Nrf2 addresses an unmet need, as current clinical therapies focus on precluding occlusions and prompt reperfusion of infarcted tissue, but do not explicitly target at-risk tissue following infarcts and/or present-day reperfusion methodologies.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases written by Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work responds to the need to find, in a sole document, the affect of oxidative stress at different levels, as well as treatment with antioxidants to revert and diminish the damage. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - a Role for Antioxidants is written for health professionals by researchers at diverse educative institutions (Mexico, Brazil, USA, Spain, Australia, and Slovenia). I would like to underscore that of the 19 chapters, 14 are by Mexican researchers, which demonstrates the commitment of Mexican institutions to academic life and to the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.
