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Book Fuels Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources

Download or read book Fuels Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources written by Francesca M. Kerton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources provides a holistic view of fuels, chemicals and materials from renewable sources in the oceans and other aquatic media. It presents established and recent results regarding the use of water-based biomass, both plants and animals,for value-added applications beyond food. The book begins with an introductory chapter which provides an overview of ocean and aquatic sources for the production of chemicals and materials. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of various ocean bioresources and feedstocks, including microalgae, macroalgae, and waste from aquaculture and fishing industries, including fish oils, crustacean and mollusc shells. Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources serves as a valuable reference for academic and industrial professionals working on the production of chemicals, materials and fuels from renewable feedstocks. It will also prove useful for researchers in the fields of green and sustainable chemistry, marine sciences and biotechnology. Topics covered include: • Production and conversion of green macroalgae • Marine macroalgal biomass as an energy feedstock • Microalgae bioproduction • Bioproduction and utilization of chitin and chitosan • Applications of mollusc shells • Crude fish oil as a potential fuel

Book Life Cycle Analysis of Soybean Biodiesel Production

Download or read book Life Cycle Analysis of Soybean Biodiesel Production written by Anup Pradhan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is a bio-based fuel that has become a popular substitute for diesel fuel. Despite its rapid growth and several studies showing that biodiesel is a renewable energy source, others claim that the use of biodiesel does not reduce petroleum use. Past biodiesel life cycle analyses (LCA) making those claims differed in system boundaries, data sources, and co-product allocations resulting in a wide range of energy and carbon balance results.

Book An Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles

Download or read book An Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles written by John Sheehan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Life Cycle Analysis of Biodiesel from Different Sources And Diesel

Download or read book Life Cycle Analysis of Biodiesel from Different Sources And Diesel written by Kaustav Bhadury and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GREET enables a fast approach to an optimum Well-to-wheel analysis, while bringing new insights and improving the understanding of the nature of various biodiesel production processes. A simulation of Well-to-wheel analysis of Bio-diesel from soyabean is carried on GREET is discussed in this book. These simulation mentions about various steps involved in the analysis. It is followed by detailed tabulation of the analysis. Furthermore Life Cycle Analysis of Bio-diesel production from jatropha and micro algae is developed and discussed. In this book, Net Energy Ratio (NER)of these bio-diesel sources is calculated and a comparison with production of conventional diesel is made. Thus, the main aim of this book is to inform scholars about GREET and its effective use in industries as well as by research community and to assess the sustainability of Bio-diesel production from jatropha and micro algae and their comparison with conventional diesel.

Book Diesel Emissions and Their Control

Download or read book Diesel Emissions and Their Control written by Magdi K Khair and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will assist readers in meeting today's tough challenges of improving diesel engine emissions, diesel efficiency, and public perception of the diesel engine. It can be used as an introductory text, while at the same time providing practical information that will be useful for experienced readers. This comprehensive book is well illustrated with more than 560 figures and 80 tables. Each main section is broken down into chapters that offer more specific and extensive information on current issues, as well as answers to technical questions.

Book Evaluating the Life cycle of Biodiesel in North America

Download or read book Evaluating the Life cycle of Biodiesel in North America written by Bryan Matthew Tripp and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about climate change and domestic energy security have resurged interest in biodiesel. A number of LCAs of biofuels have been published over the last decade, however none have focused on biodiesel fuel production pathways. In this thesis, biodiesel pathways are compared with respect to life cycle energy use, GHG emissions and land use. Jatropha curcas is a promising feedstock that could be commercially cultivated on non-arable lands in Mexico and perhaps in parts of the southern U.S. Despite such promise, the life cycle environmental performance of Jatropha biodiesel (JBD) have not been assessed for North America. This thesis models the cultivation of J. curcas in Mexico and the conversion into biodiesel for use in the light-duty vehicle fleet in the U.S. When compared to low sulphur diesel and soybean biodiesel, the LCA of JBD shows 54% and 24% lower GHG emissions, respectively, when utilized in a light-duty vehicle.

Book Environmental Impacts of Biodiesel Produced from Wastewater Greases

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Biodiesel Produced from Wastewater Greases written by Megan Elizabeth Hums and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental impacts of producing biofuels from greases that accumulate in wastewater systems. The research in this thesis is accomplished through performing four tasks: (1) identification of the statistical variability in wastewater grease composition and its subsequent impact on biodiesel production capacity, (2) exploration of processing methods and their performance in meeting biodiesel fuel specifications, (3) evaluation of the environmental performance of biodiesel produced from wastewater grease feedstock, and (4) analysis of economic and environmental feasibility of producing biodiesel from wastewater greases. The two wastewater greases investigated in this thesis are grease trap waste (GTW), which is collected at restaurants, and sewage scum grease (SSG), which is collected at wastewater resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Because wastewater greases are heterogeneous, degraded, and contain large amounts of water, solids, and impurities, GTW and SSG require different chemistry and additional processing steps for biodiesel production compared to conventional biodiesel feedstocks. The composition variability and a variety of parameters including wastewater quality are assessed during a year-long longitudinal study of GTW and SSG. GTW is primarily composed of water and has low lipid content (4%); however, ambient settling of GTW produces a floating grease layer that concentrates the lipids (34%). The average lipid content SSG (21%) is comparable to the float grease in GTW; however, SSG lipid content exhibits seasonal variability that is not observed in GTW. SSG has higher lipid content in cooler months (15-40%) and lower lipid content in warmer months (3-21%). Both GTW and SSG lipids have similar free fatty acid content (75%) affects the reaction pathways used for conversion into biodiesel. Technical feasibility of biodiesel production is assessed using a variety of reactors and distillation techniques. A major hurdle to producing biodiesel is reducing sulfur content to meet fuel specifications; approximately 56% of wastewater grease biofuel samples in this project contain between 15-30 ppm sulfur, and only 23% are below the required fuel specification of 15 ppm sulfur. Sulfur contents are shown to decrease throughout biodiesel production with an overall sulfur reduction of 75-96%. This thesis presents life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis to determine the environmental impacts and economics of biodiesel produced from wastewater greases. A process model is used to incorporate experimental biodiesel processing results and to create an inventory of the materials and energy required for biodiesel production. Monte Carlo simulation is used to perform a sensitivity analysis utilizing the longitudinal study data for variability of composition and biodiesel plant capacities. LCA is used to compare the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of biodiesel production to current raw grease disposal (business as usual) and a variety of solid waste disposal facilities including anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfilling. Each solid waste scenario produces biogenic fuels that are considered to displace an equal amount of an existing petroleum fuel; this replacement of the petroleum fuel is treated as a credit (negative value). The waste solid disposal is the highest contributor to GHG emissions (20-40%, depending on lipid content). Multiple solid waste disposals facilities are also analyzed and showed that landfilling has the highest GHG, followed by incineration, and anaerobic digestion has the lowest GHG emissions. Biodiesel production from wastewater greases has the potential to lower GHG emissions by 20-75% compared to current methods of disposal of wastewater greases.

Book Monthly Energy Review August 2004

Download or read book Monthly Energy Review August 2004 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Life Cycle Assessment for Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment for Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil written by Shahrzad Badvipour and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book World Biodiesel Policies and Production

Download or read book World Biodiesel Policies and Production written by Hyunsoo Joo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the evolution of biodiesel technologies along with government policies of major biodiesel producing countries with their backgrounds, impacts, changes, and other energy forms. Biodiesel feedstock and biodiesel production technologies including green algae and methanol are presented as separate topics. Changes in the feedstock types and the corresponding technologies are presented, and their impacts on the biodiesel policies are explained. The life cycle analysis (LCA) in research and policy design of biodiesel is discussed and the findings are given for different feedstocks in terms of greenhouse gases, energy, and other impact categories.

Book Biodiesel Feedstocks Technologies Economics and Barriers

Download or read book Biodiesel Feedstocks Technologies Economics and Barriers written by Armen B. Avagyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution policy is closely connected with climate change, public health, energy, transport, trade, and agriculture, and generally speaking, the Earth has been pushed to the brink and the damage is becoming increasingly obvious. The transport sector remains a foremost source of air pollutants – a fact that has stimulated the production of biofuels. This book focuses on the biodiesel industry, and proposes a modification of the entire manufacturing chain that would pave the way for further improvements. Oil derived from oilseed plantations/crops is the most commonly used feedstock for the production of biodiesel. At the same time, the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering and 178 scientists in the Netherlands have determined that some biofuels, such as diesel produced from food crops, have led to more emissions than those produced by fossil fuels. Accordingly, this book re-evaluates the full cycle of biodiesel production in order to help find optimal solutions. It confirms that the production and use of fertilizers for the cultivation of crop feedstocks generate considerably more GHG emissions compared to the mitigation achieved by using biodiesel. To address this fertilization challenge, projecting future biofuel development requires a scenario in which producers shift to an organic agriculture approach that includes the use of microalgae. Among advanced biofuels, algae’s advantages as a feedstock include the highest conversion of solar energy, and the ability to absorb CO2 and pollutants; as such, it is the better choice for future fuels. With regard to the question of why algae’s benefits have not been capitalized on for biofuel production, our analyses indicate that the sole main barrier to realizing algae’s biofuel potential is ineffective international and governmental policies, which create difficulties in reconciling the goals of economic development and environmental protection.

Book Life Cycle Analysis of Different Feedstocks of Biodiesel Production

Download or read book Life Cycle Analysis of Different Feedstocks of Biodiesel Production written by Chuan Yu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Life Cycle Analysis of Different Feedstocks of Biodiesel Production" by Chuan, Yu, 余川, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The scarcity of fossil fuel and its environmental impact have shifted the world focus on green innovations At a time when the use of fossil fuel means increasing energy scarcity and an environmental crisis in the world in which we live, we need green innovations now more than ever. Growing attention has been drawn to the use of biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, which have gradually come to make up part of the total energy supply. Uncertainties about the environmental and ecological aspects of the production and consumption of biofuel still exist despite its rapid development. A life cycle analysis (LCA) evaluates the two principal functional parameters 1) energy efficiency and 2) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) balance of different feedstocks for biodiesel production from the cradle to the grave. By accounting a life cycle analysis stage by stage, we can ascertain the change in GHG emissions and energy demand that result from the various uses of feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. In this thesis, various life cycle analysis models are reviewed and evaluated with emphasis on specific biofuels. Different LCA models depend on different LCA calculation under different situations, including GREET, LEM, SimaPro, etc. The software SimaPro was used to compare the life cycle GHG emissions and energy demand from conventional petroleum fuels and several hydro-processed renewable green diesels. A consistent methodology was used for selected fuel pathways to facilitate relatively equitable comparisons. The building of life cycle flow tree in SimaPro combined the input and output with an emphasis on the following stages 1) raw material farming and acquisition, 2)liquid fuel production, 3)transport, 4)refueling, 5)liquid fuel conversion to biodiesel and 6) end uses. Consistent impact assessment methods were chosen for simulation, equitable comparisons and comprehensive analysis of selected fuel pathways for the calculation of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). However, the results of the entire lifetime estimates vary dramatically in production chains, which make it difficult to take a holistic view about energy intake and yields, economic costs and values, environmental impacts and their benefits. Apart from the diversity in system boundaries and life cycle inventories, a variance in terminologies and the limitations of interdisciplinary communication are the main factors that affect the quality of the results. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4961802 Subjects: Biodiesel fuels - Environmental aspects Product life cycle - Environmental aspects

Book Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm Based Biodiesel Plant

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm Based Biodiesel Plant written by Eli Shawn Jordan Wasserman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: