Download or read book A Handbook on Surveillance Prevention and Control of Plague Including Rodent and Flea Control written by Shyamal Biswas and published by Walnut Publication. This book was released on 2021-05-08 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plague, most ancient, dreadful and formidable pestilential rodent borne disease was a major public health problem in India till the mid twentieth century A.D. Plague is one of the three epidemic prone diseases still subject to the International Health Regulations and notifiable to the World Health Organization (WHO). In India mortality due to plague reached zero level during 1967. However, sporadic cases of suspected human plague were reported from Himachal Pradesh during 1966 and 1983-1984 and Karnataka during 1984 and at times localized sylvatic plague incidence encountered in the last decade from the trijunction of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in peninsular India. During 1994 a bubonic plague outbreak at Beed district, Maharashtra and pneumonic plague outbreak in Surat, Gujarat were recorded. After 8 long years of quiescence a localized outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred in Himachal Pradesh in 2002. In 2004, a bubonic plague outbreak occurred in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand. Scientists were in general opinion about the role of rodents and fleas in global transmission of plague, and the main means of dissemination carried by infected rats through the international trade routes. Rodents are the carriers of viral, rickettsial, nematode and bacterial diseases and are responsible for the transmission of more than 35 communicable diseases including Hanta viruses. In indirect transmission of diseases, rodents may serve as intermediate hosts for parasites that ultimately infect man and may serve as reservoirs of disease agents which may be picked up by arthropod vectors like fleas, ticks or mites and transmitted to humans through bites. In direct transmission, rodents may transmit the viruses by inhalation of aerosolized excreta, ingestion of excreta or by direct contact with the rodent itself and may directly transmit a pathogen to man through bite. Plague continues to exist as a major public health problem in many countries of the world. In several countries plague has remained quiescent for years together before reappearing all of a sudden. The enzootic foci of plague in India is believed to be present in four groups of foci in northern, central, western and southern India. From 1989 to 1994 active zoonotic foci of plague were detected from the trijunction of Tamil Nadu (Krishnagiri district), Andhra Pradesh (Chittoor district) and Karnataka (Kolar and Bangalore rural district). As the sylvatic rodents live in wild and peri-domestic situations and maintain the natural transmission in enzootic foci for centuries together, eradication of the disease is highly impossible. Natural decline in plague incidence would not justify the conclusion that plague has disappeared from the area. Plague is a re-emerging zoonotic disease. The number of human plague cases reported to W.H.O. by different countries was always lower than the actual number of cases. Under reporting may be attributed to lack of diagnostic facilities for the confirmation of the cases and cessation of plague surveillance work by number of erstwhile plague endemic countries. The worldwide decline in plague incidence since the 1950s resulted in decreased financial support, lesser interest, and ultimately the deterioration of laboratory-based surveillance systems in many endemic countries in the world. The lack of continuous baseline data on plague surveillance may result in an undetected sudden increase of bubonic/pneumonic cases in an enzootic/endemic foci of the world, or re-emerging of the disease. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the number of plague cases shows rising trend worldwide, and outbreaks are reappearing in various countries of the world after decades of quiescence. Plague can re-emerge, vaccination is useless and mass killing of rodents is not the solution for the eradication of the disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global incidence of human plague was the lowest reported in 30 years, and the actual incidence was probably little different. However, we should be extremely vigilant as it is not uncommon to observe the long years of quiescence in natural plague foci, and the sudden appearance of human cases is always destabilizing for national or even international authorities. A plague outbreak may also cause widespread panic, as occurred in India in 1994 when a relatively small outbreak, with 54 deaths, was reported in the city of Surat. This led to a nationwide collapse in tourism and trade, with an estimated cost of US$600 million. Despite major advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, it has not been possible to eradicate plague. Due to the high public health significance and the risk of its re-emergence after long years of quiescence, plague should not be relegated to the sidelines. It remains a poorly understood threat that we cannot afford to ignore. Potential new foci should be confirmed and investigated, with special attention to harbours with international trade.
Download or read book Manual for plague surveillance diagnosis prevention and control written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-09-03 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual aims to: - provide up-to-date guidance about the diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, case management, prevention, and control of the different forms of plague, both for sporadic cases and during outbreaks; and - to serve as the basis for developing national guidelines, considering the available resources and other determinants in each country. It was developed for clinicians and public health professionals who may be tasked with ensuring preparedness or response. It is also intended to inform the policy- and decision-makers responsible for developing national policies and guideline documents, and making purchasing arrangements, and implementing training programmes.
Download or read book Tropical Infectious Diseases Principles Pathogens and Practice E Book written by Richard L. Guerrant and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 1155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice, by Drs. Richard L. Guerrant, David H. Walker, and Peter F. Weller, delivers the expert, encyclopedic guidance you need to overcome the toughest clinical challenges in diagnosing and treating diseases caused by infectious agents from tropical regions. Sweeping updates to this 3rd edition include vaccines, SARS, hepatitis A-E, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis and Omsk hemorrhagic fever, human papilloma virus, and mucormycosis. New full-color images throughout allow you to more accurately view the clinical manifestations of each disease and better visualize the life cycles of infectious agents. Definitive, state-of-the-art coverage of pathophysiology as well as clinical management makes this the reference you'll want to consult whenever you are confronted with tropical infections, whether familiar or unfamiliar! - Obtain complete and trustworthy advice from hundreds of the leading experts on tropical diseases worldwide, including cutting-edge summaries of pathophysiology and epidemiology as well as clinical management. - Get the latest answers on vaccines, SARS, hepatitis A-E, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis and Omsk hemorrhagic fever, human papilloma virus, mucormycosis, and much more. - Implement best practices from all over the world with guidance from almost twice as many international authors - over 100 representing more than 35 countries. - Accurately view the clinical manifestations of each disease and visualize the life cycles of infectious agents with new full-color images throughout. - Access the complete contents online at www.expertconsult.com, rapidly searchable; rapidly locate and download all of the images in either PowerPoint or JPEG format; and follow links to PubMed abstracts for most references. - Reference the book more easily thanks to a new streamlined, single-volume format, with all of the references online.
Download or read book Viral Infections of Humans written by Alfred S. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: also occurs. New outbreaks of yellow fever have occurred in Colombia and Trinidad and new outbreaks of rift valley fever have occurred in Egypt. Chapter 6, Arenaviruses: The biochemical and physical properties have now been clar ified, and they show a remarkable uniformity in the various viruses constituting the group. The possibility that prenatal infection with LCM may result in hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis has been raised. Serologic surveys have suggested the existence of Lassa virus infection in Guinea, Central African Empire, Mali, Senegal, Cameroon, and Benin, in addition to earlier identification in Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Chapter 7, Coronaviruses: New studies have confirmed the important role of these viruses in common respiratory illnesses of children and adults. The viruses are now known to contain a single positive strand of RNA. About 50% of corona virus infections result in clinical illness. About 5% of common colds are caused by strain DC 43 in winter. Chapter 8, Cytomegalovirus: Sections on pathogenesis of CMV in relation to organ transplantation and mononucleosis, as well as sections on the risk and features of con genital infection and disease, have been expanded. There are encouraging preliminary results with a live CMV vaccine, but the questions of viral persistence and oncogenicity require further evaluation.
Download or read book Handbook of Zoonoses Second Edition Section A written by George W. Beran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume handbook presents the most authoritative and comprehensive reference work on major zoonoses of the world. The Handbook of Zoonoses covers most diseases communicable to humans, as well as those diseases common to both animals and humans. It identifies animal diseases that are host specific and reviews the effects of various human diseases on animals. Discussions address diseases that remain important public and animal health problems and the techniques that can control and prevent them. The chapters are written by internationally recognized scientists in their respective areas of disease, who work or have worked extensively in the most affected areas of the world. The emphasis for each zoonosis is on the epidemiology of the disease, the clinical syndromes and carrier states in infected animals and humans, and the most current methods for diagnosis and approaches to control. For infectious agents or biologic toxins, which may be transmitted by foods of animal origin, a strong focus is placed on food safety measures. The etiologic and therapeutic aspects of each disease important to epidemiology and control are identified.
Download or read book Handbook of Zoonoses Second Edition written by George W. Beran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-08-22 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume handbook presents the most authoritative and comprehensive reference work on major zoonoses of the world. The Handbook of Zoonoses covers most diseases communicable to humans, as well as those diseases common to both animals and humans. It identifies animal diseases that are host specific and reviews the effects of various human diseases on animals. Discussions address diseases that remain important public and animal health problems and the techniques that can control and prevent them. The chapters are written by internationally recognized scientists in their respective areas of disease, who work or have worked extensively in the most affected areas of the world. The emphasis for each zoonosis is on the epidemiology of the disease, the clinical syndromes and carrier states in infected animals and humans, and the most current methods for diagnosis and approaches to control. For infectious agents or biologic toxins, which may be transmitted by foods of animal origin, a strong focus is placed on food safety measures. The etiologic and therapeutic aspects of each disease important to epidemiology and control are identified.
Download or read book Surveillance Summaries from the Center for Infectious Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This field manual is intended to help health professionals and public health coordinators working in emergency situations prevent, detect and control the major communicable diseases encountered by affected populations. The manual is the result of collaboration among a number of WHO departments and several external partner agencies in reviewing existing guidelines on communicable disease control and adapting them to emergency situations. The manual deals with the fundamental principles of communicable disease control in emergencies, which are: Rapid assessment to identify the communicable disease threats faced by the emergency-affected population, including those with epidemic potential, and define the health status of the population by conducting a rapid assessment; Prevention to prevent communicable disease by maintaining a healthy physical environment and good general living conditions; Surveillance to set up or strengthen disease surveillance system with an early warning mechanism to ensure the early reporting of cases to monitor disease trends, and to facilitate prompt detection and response to outbreaks; outbreak control to ensure outbreaks are rapidly detected and controlled through adequate preparedness (i.e. stockpiles, standard treatment protocols and staff training) and rapid response (i.e.confirmation, investigation and implementation of control measures); and disease management to diagnose and treat cases promptly with trained staff using effective treatment and standard protocols at all health facilities.
Download or read book Rickettsial Diseases written by Didier Raoult and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only available reference to comprehensively discuss the common and unusual types of rickettsiosis in over twenty years, this book will offer the reader a full review on the bacteriology, transmission, and pathophysiology of these conditions. Written from experts in the field from Europe, USA, Africa, and Asia, specialists analyze specific patho
Download or read book MYCDCGP Guidelines For The Prevention And Control of Plague written by Bahagian Kawalan Penyakit, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia and published by BKPKKM. This book was released on with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infectious Diseases E Book written by Jonathan Cohen and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 1283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drs. Cohen, Powderly and Opal, three of the most-respected names in infectious disease medicine, lead a diverse team of international contributors to bring you the latest knowledge and best practices. Extensively updated, the fourth edition includes brand-new information on advances in diagnosis of infection; Hepatitis C; managing resistant bacterial infections; and many other timely topics. An abundance of photographs and illustrations; a practical, clinically-focused style; highly-templated organization; and robust interactive content combine to make this clinician-friendly resource the fastest and best place to find all of the authoritative, current information you need. - Hundreds of full-color photographs and figures provide unparalleled visual guidance. - Consistent chapter organization and colorful layouts make for quick searches. - Clinically-focused guidance from "Practice Points" demonstrates how to diagnose and treat complicated problems encountered in practice. - The "Syndromes by Body System", "HIV and AIDS", and "International Medicine" sections are designed to reflect how practicing specialists think when faced with a patient. - Sweeping updates include new or revised chapters on: - Hepatitis C and antivirals - Fungal infection and newer antifungals - Microbiome and infectious diseases as well as advances in diagnosis of infection; Clostridium difficile epidemiology; infection control in the ICU setting; Chlamydia trachomatis infection; acquired syndromes associated with autoantibodies to cytokines;; management of multidrug resistant pathogens; probiotics, polymyxins, and the pathway to developing new antibiotics - HIV including HIV and aging, antiretroviral therapy in developing countries, and cure for HIV. - Online Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics mannequin, as well an all new HIV medicine mannequin are a useful visual source of treatment information
Download or read book Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook written by Jeremy Hawker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to controlling and managing today’s communicable diseases The fourth edition of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook offers public health workers of all kinds an authoritative and up-to-date guide to current protocols surrounding the identification and control of infectious diseases. With its concise, accessible design, the book is a practical tool that can be relied upon to explain topics ranging from the basic principles of communicable disease control to recent changes and innovations in health protection practice. Major syndromes and individual infections are insightfully addressed, while the authors also outline the WHO’s international health regulations and the organizational arrangements in place in all EU nations. New to the fourth edition are chapters on Ebola, the Zika virus, and other emerging pandemics. In addition, new writing on healthcare-associated infection, migrant and refugee health, and the importance of preparedness make this an essential and relevant text for all those in the field. This vital resource: Reflects recent developments in the science and administration of health protection practice Covers topics such as major syndromes, control of individual infections, main services and activities, arrangements for all European countries, and much more Includes new chapters on the Zika virus, Schistosomiasis, Coronavirus including MERS + SARS, and Ebola Follows a format designed for ease of use and everyday consultation Created to provide public and environmental health practitioners, physicians, epidemiologists, infection control nurses, microbiologists and trainees with a straightforward – yet informative – resource, Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook is a practical companion for all those working the field today.
Download or read book Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1988-07 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]
Download or read book C D C Activities written by Communicable Disease Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communicable Disease Center written by United States. Communicable disease center. Atlanta, Ga and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
