Download or read book A Ground Based Assessment Framework for Validating Diesel Particulate Emission Models and Applicability in Portland OR written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to diesel emissions causes a range of health effects throughout the body, impairing; respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous, renal, and cognitive systems. Diesel particulate matter (DPM) in Portland, Oregon is prevalent due to the layout of highly trafficked roadways, rail lines, and marine ports exposing a dense population to high levels of exhaust pollution. These high concentrations of ambient diesel emissions disproportionately impact minority and low-income populations. Ground-based monitoring and modeling are two ways to assess ambient DPM. However, there are uncertainties in modeled DPM due to knowledge gaps in emissions inventories as well as lack of model validation against ground-based measurements. We propose a framework for efficient assessment of localized diesel emission sources, and model validation. Sources of diesel identified as having the largest uncertainty in previous modeling studies were assessed for activity data and emissions were sampled for each main source type. We monitored for a range of traffic related air pollutants such as Black carbon and Nitrogen Oxides in two communities. These measurements will enable us to assess dispersion models, and better characterize DPM sources that are impacting the health of these communities. Fuzzy cluster analysis's applicability in air quality is shown through several studies but not yet for diesel identification. Fuzzy Cluster analysis was investigated as a potential tool for simplified source characterization. We demonstrate its practical use and discuss the opportunities and challenges of interpreting fuzzy clustering output. In summary we present a suite of tools, accessible to most municipalities in the US, that can be used to fill in knowledge gaps or validate models to help communities to better understand and plan to mitigate their health risk from exposure to DPM.
Download or read book Estimating Transport of Diesel Particulate Emissions in the Portland Metro Using Lagrangian based Dispersion Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution from diesel combustion is a well-known and serious problem which adversely impacts human and environmental health throughout the world. One of the primary pollutants of concern from diesel combustion are the solid particles formed as a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of the diesel, also known as diesel particulate matter. As a result of the ubiquitous use of diesel-fired engines in urban environments, understanding the transport of diesel particulate matter from the exhaust is paramount in assessing human exposure to this toxic pollutant. Air dispersion modeling is one method to study how diesel particulate matter is transported and where the greatest risk of exposure can be found. Emissions of diesel particulate matter were modeled for the Portland metropolitan area by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) using the CALPUFF model. Diesel particulate matter was modeled in 2005 (PATA) and again in 2012 (PATS) by the DEQ. The purpose of this study is to update and enhance the model framework from these two studies to improve the current understanding of exposure to diesel particulate matter in the Portland area. Updates to the model framework include the implementation of a more current meteorological dataset and emissions inventory, and enhancements include using a higher resolution meteorology, and the addition of a new source category, truck distribution centers. Model concentrations from this study underwent a quality assurance (QA) and validation process using ambient monitored black carbon data from monitors in the Portland area. Results of the QA and validation process showed that the enhancements made for this study resulted in modeled concentrations that aligned closer to the monitored concentrations relative to the 2005 and 2012 studies. Using the updates to the model framework from this study, the DEQ can continue to develop future iterations of the PATS study to better understand diesel particulate matter exposure in the Portland area.
Download or read book Informational report on the measurement of diesel particulate emissions written by G. P. Gross and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analytic Framework for the Prediction of Health Impacts from Diesel Freight Emissions with Case Study written by Colin Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Diesel particulate matter, emitted by many types of freight transport, poses a health risk to populations living near freight activity. Accurate information about the magnitude and location of health impacts would help inform policy decisions at a number of levels. Existing methods, including atmospheric dispersion modeling, epidemiology or air quality measurement can estimate the magnitude of harm experienced by populations but these methods often require resources or expertise beyond the reach of some stakeholders, particularly those at local levels. This thesis describes a framework by which health impact estimation can be carried out utilizing readily available models and methodologies in a more simple fashion. This framework postulates that significant parts of the analytic process can be automated by computer scripts or other programmatic structures, thereby reducing the time, expertise and resource requirements for health impact analyses. These analyses will allow policy makers to more effectively evaluate the expected health impacts of transport policy and incorporate public health considerations into other policy making activities. This thesis assembles the analytic tools required for these analyses and outlines the ways in which they might be joined into a single piece of software; though the actual creation of this software is left to future work. A case study of on-highway truck activity in Sacramento, CA utilizes this analytic framework. This case study demonstrates framework and also highlights some possible policy directions for transport in the region."--Abstract.
Download or read book Methodological Uncertainties in the Exposure Assessment of Diesel Particulate Matter written by Susan M. Chemerynski and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Measurement and Analysis of Diesel Particulate Emissions written by P. C.D.F. Gomes and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Information Report on the Measurement of Diesel Particulate Emissions written by G. P. Gross and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel PM Model to Measurement Comparison written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. Assessment and Standards Division and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project was to compare estimated diesel particulate matter (diesel PM or DPM) concentrations based on elemental carbon (EC) and black carbon (BC) data with modeled ambient concentrations of DPM from the 1996 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NSATA). The NSATA used DPM inventory estimates from EPA's final rule promulgating 2007 heavy duty engine standards. Using the ASPEN dispersion model, NSATA developed estimates of 1996 annual average concentrations of DPM at census tracts nationwide. The goal of this project was to evaluate the reasonableness of DPM estimates from dispersion models for this case by comparing the NSATA DPM concentration estimates with estimates based on measured EC and BC concentrations. EC measurements can be obtained from PM2.5 monitoring sites that sample PM2.5 using quartz fiber media. The EC is measured using thermo-optical analysis of the carbonaceous material. Many studies have used thermal optimal transmission (TOT), the NIOSH method developed at Sunset lablaboratories. Some studies have used thermal optical reflectance (TOR), a method developed by Desert Research Institute. In addition, some sites measure ambient BC with an Aethalometer. EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is reviewing the measurement of EC through the Speciation Trends Network, and an Agency statement on the issue is forthcoming. For now, however, existing values developed using the TOT method are being used. All these carbon concentration measurements can be used to estimate ambient DPM by using conversion factors based on 1) source apportionment studies, 2) source-receptor model studies, and 3) studies which examine the fraction of EC in DPM.
Download or read book The Development and Application of Techniques for the Measurement and Analysis of Diesel Particulate Emissions written by Carl T. Vuk and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Duty Diesel Particulate Matter and Fuel Consumption Modeling for Transportation Analysis written by George Alexander Scora and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Matter Health Risk Assessment for the West Oakland Community written by Pingkuan Di and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating Emissions from Major Diesel Sources in Portland OR written by Ted W. Hume and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Framework to Develop a Hybrid Methodology for Modeling of Diesel Particulate Matter Concentration in Underground Mine Ventilation Systems written by Hongbin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research is to develop a hybrid methodology for diesel particulate matter (DPM) modeling for underground mine ventilation systems. The hybrid methodology, which is an enhanced and complementary tool, is proposed to provide improved diesel input to a ventilation network solver by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. The hybrid methodology uses the DPM results from a calibrated CFD model to update those from a network model at shared locations. A CFD approach for simulating DPM over an extended period has been proposed to make the hybrid methodology more adaptable to large ventilation systems. With the proposed CFD modeling approach, contaminants like DPM can be modeled accurately in a timely manner over an extended period of time. The results from this approach are then used to update the network model results at the shared outlets. The workflow to update DPM results from the network model using the calibrated CFD model is presented. Two field studies were conducted in an underground mine in the western United States. Due to the low quality airflow and DPM data collected from the field, this study should be viewed as a qualitative study rather than a quantitative study. Corresponding CFD models, ventilation network models, and updated ventilation models were also established, and results from these models were compared with the experimental data. The limitations for both the instruments and the methodology were defined as well.
Download or read book Mine wide Diesel Particulate Matter DPM Monitoring Applications written by William Kofi Asante and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engine usage in mining operations contributes to high productivity. The downside is the exposure of workers to a mixture of gases and particulate contaminants in the working environment, a concern to occupational health and safety. DPM in the ventilation air is a critical pollutant adversely affecting the health of underground mine workers. DPM is considered a human carcinogen. This thesis presents a new way of characterizing DPM concentration in underground mines by the application of a new numerical modeling technique. The transport of DPM from diesel exhaust emission is modeled using a mine ventilation transport model with calibrated dispersion coefficients. The method focuses on mass balance, starting with the source term of the diesel engine estimated from tailpipe emission concentration and fuel consumption data. The source term is input to the DPM transport model to predict concentrations mine-wide, as well as in production zones. The proposed method is applied to an operating mining example. The model results are presented and compared with field measurement.
Download or read book Secondary Emissions Risk Assessment of Diesel Particulate Traps for Heavy Duty Applications written by N. V. Heeb and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment written by Carl Hanson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
