Download or read book A Genetic and Molecular Analysis of C Elegans Puf 8 and Fbf 1 in Germline Sex Determination and Proliferation written by Jennifer L. Bachorik and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Germ Cell Development in C elegans written by Tim Schedl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germ cells in sexually reproducing metazoa, through the germline lineage, are the route by which genetic material and cytoplasmic constituents are passed from one generation to the next in the continuum of life. Chapters in this book review germ cell development in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, discussing the biology, the genetics and the molecular mechanisms for various processes, as well as drawing comparisons with other organisms. Processes discussed include specification of germ cell fate, meiosis, gametogenesis, environmental/ physiological controls, epigenetics and translational control, fertilization and the oocyte-to-embryo transition. This book thus provides a comprehensive picture of the germline lineage and the continuum of life for the worm.
Download or read book Germline Stem Cells written by Steven X. Hou and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive and cutting-edge book, leading experts explore the parameters that define germline stem cells and the mechanisms that regulate the cell behavior in order to better isolate, characterize and maintain them. The volume begins by providing protocols for germline stem cell identification and regulation in model organisms, and concludes with detailed chapters covering current techniques involving in vitro culture and the applications of the cells.
Download or read book Germline Development written by Joan Marsh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connects classical cellular descriptive studies with more recent work on the molecular and genetic aspects regarding germline development. Prominent scientists discuss research on a range of organisms including insects, worms, birds, fish, amphibia, mammals and green algae. Specification of germ cells, their migration to the gonads and subsequent interactions with the soma and evolutionary factors of their segregation are among the topics covered.
Download or read book C elegans written by Ian A. Hope and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-12-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caenorhabditis Elegans has been a popular model organism for biological research for over thirty years and has been used to investigate many aspects of animal development, for example apoptosis, the Hox genes, signal transduction pathways, and the development of the nervous system. It has recently taken on new importance with the publication of the entire genome sequence in 1998. The first chapter gives all the basic information on C. elegans required to use it: it's natural history, anatomy, life cycle, development, and evolution. Information on how to obtain, grow, and maintain C. elegans for use as a model system is given in Chapter 4. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the genome project and show how to use genome sequence information by searching the database for homologues using different search methods and then how to analyse the search data. The next chapter gives the essential practical details of transformation and common uses for the technique. Chapter 6 covers reverse genetics and describes strategies for gene inactivation that are known to work in C elegans: epigenetic inactivation and mutational germ line inactivation. Chapter 7 is designed to help the user analyse phenotype by microscopy and includes Normaski, fluorescence, 4-dimensional, and electron microscopy. Techniques for studying the neurobiology of C. elegans are given in chapter 8. Chapter 9 describes the three commonly used approaches for studying gene expression and Chapter 10 deals with the common methods of molecular biology essential for gene characterization. C. elegans is not the ideal organism for biochemical studies, but chapter 11 describes several procedures for producing biochemically useful quantities of pure tissues. The final chapter is about conventional genetics and details the standard procedures for selfing and crossing; mutagenesis and mutant screening; characterization of mutants; gene mapping; temperature-shift experiments and mosaic analysis. Caenorhabditis Elegans: A Practical Approach will therefore provide all the background information necessary for use of C. elegans as a model system.
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of the Role of the FEM Proteins in Caenorhabditis Elegans Sex Determination written by Jeffrey P. C. Gaudet and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Male development in the nematode 'Caenorhabditis elegans' requires the activity of the three 'fem' genes, 'fem-1, fem-2,' and 'fem-3.' The products of these genes form part of a novel signal transduction pathway that controls 'C. elegans ' sex determination, but the mechanism by which the FEMs act remains unclear. I report the use of a 'fem-1' reporter construct to show that 'fem-1' is widely expressed throughout development in both sexes, indicating that 'fem-1' is regulated post-transcriptionally. I further characterize the sequences required for 'fem-1' expression, and characterize a dominant feminization of the germline caused by ' fem-1' transgenes. To identify regions of FEM-1 that are important for its activity, I cloned and characterized 'fem-1' homologues from two related nematode species. Overall, FEM-1 is more conserved than the other 'Caenorhabditis ' sex determining genes. Within FEM-1, the ANK repeats and a kinesin light chain-like repeat are the most conserved regions. Despite the sequence conservation, 'C. briggsae fem-1' is unable to functionally replace 'C. elegans fem-1.' A small region of ' fem-1' coding sequence, between the ANK and TPR encoding regions, appears to be responsible for the functional divergence. I also present data that suggests that in 'C. briggsae, fem-1' may not be required for germline sex determination, possibly revealing the rapid evolution of germline sex determination mechanisms. To elucidate how the FEMs function in the transduction of the sex determination signal, I examined the subcellular localization of each of the FEM proteins. I show that FEM-2 is cytosolic in both sexes, and can interact 'in vivo' with FEM-3, which also appears to function in the cytoplasm. In contrast, FEM-1 appears to localize to discrete compartments within the cell. This localization is at least partially dependent on the kinesin light chain-like repeat of FEM-1. I discuss the implications of the localization data and consider possible models for the mechanism of FEM activity.
Download or read book Control of C Elegans Development by the Conserved RNA Regulators FBF and FOG 1 written by Beth Ellen Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PUF 8 and MPK 1 Genetic and Chemical Control of Spermatocyte Dedifferentiation in Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Matthew A Gaddy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells face a number of major fate decision during their development: the decision to self-renew or differentiate, and then whether to remain differentiated or dedifferentiate, as occurs in some oncogenesis. A regulatory network controlling these decisions is vital to the development of all multicellular organisms, including humans. Aberrant regulation can result in either loss of specific cell type or uncontrolled cell proliferation, leading to tumors. However, our understanding of how differentiated cell can be reverted to an undifferentiated state remains far more limited.Using the nematode C. elegans germline as a model system, we previously reported that PUF-8 (a PUF RNA-binding protein) and LIP-1 (a dual-specificity phosphatase) inhibit the formation of germline tumors via repressing the dedifferentiation of spermatocytes into mitotic cells (termed "spermatocyte dedifferentiation") at least in part by inhibiting MPK-1 (an ERK MAPK homolog) activation. To gain insight into the molecular competence for spermatocyte dedifferentiation, we compared the germline phenotypes between two competent mutants -- puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15) with a high MPK-1 activity and puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) with a low MPK-1 activity. puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15) mutants developed germline tumors more aggressively than puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) mutants at 25̊C with aging. This result suggests that MPK-1 activation is critical to induce the formation of germline tumors via spermatocyte dedifferentiation. This idea was confirmed by treatment of puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) mutant worms with Resveratrol, which stimulates MPK-1 activation. Our results show that 100 mM RSV significantly induced the formation of germline tumors via spermatocyte dedifferentiation at 25̊C with aging. Therefore, we conclude that MPK-1 activation is required to promote the formation of germline tumors via spermatocyte dedifferentiation in the absence of PUF-8. Since PUF-8 and MPK-1 are broadly conserved, we therefore suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may control dedifferentiation-mediated tumorigenesis in other organisms, including humans.
Download or read book Genetic and Molecular Analysis of GLP 1 a Gene Required for Cell Cell Interactions in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Judith Ann Austin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of Fem 3 a Sex determination Gene in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Thomas Allen Rosenquist and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic and Molecular Analysis of the Reproductive System s Effect on Aging in Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Jennifer R. Berman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, we further explore the role of daf-12 on lifespan and thermotolerance, as well as examine the effects of environmental perturbation on the lifespan of germline deficient animals.
Download or read book Genomic Perspectives on Cell Fate Reprogramming in the Caenorhabditis Elegans Germline written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In multicellular organisms, genetic programs guide cells to adopt particular cell fates as tissues are formed during development, maintained in adults and repaired after injury. Cell fates can also be reprogrammed artificially by genetic or chemical manipulation. In Caenorhabditis elegans, germ cell fate can be chemically reprogrammed: mutant puf-8; lip-1 adult hermaphrodites make sperm but can be switched to oocyte production by treatment with a MEK inhibitor. Such chemical reprogramming is uncommon: out of six genetically diverse sperm-only mutant backgrounds, only one other mutant could undergo chemical reprogramming, fbf-1; lip-1. Reprogramming "competence" thus depends on genotype. In addition, we show that two genes encoding PUF family member RNA-binding proteins, puf-8 and fbf-1, are redundantly required for chemical reprogramming of germ cell fate. Next, genomic analysis of reprogramming competent worms revealed an enrichment of oogenic mRNAs relative to mutants lacking the competence for chemical reprogramming. This intermediate state also existed at the protein level, since puf-8;lip-1 and fbf-1; lip-1 mutants expressed proteins diagnostic of both sperm and oocyte. Therefore reprogramming competent mutants possess an intersexual molecular profile at both RNA and protein levels. This intersexual molecular signature may poise the germline tissue for changing its cellular sexual state in response to environmental cues.
Download or read book Meiosis and Gametogenesis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-11-24 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the fact that the process of meiosis is fundamental to inheritance, surprisingly little is understood about how it actually occurs. There has recently been a flurry of research activity in this area and this volume summarizes the advances coming from this work. All authors are recognized and respected research scientists at the forefront of research in meiosis. Of particular interest is the emphasis in this volume on meiosis in the context of gametogenesis in higher eukaryotic organisms, backed up by chapters on meiotic mechanisms in other model organisms. The focus is on modern molecular and cytological techniques and how these have elucidated fundamental mechanisms of meiosis. Authors provide easy access to the literature for those who want to pursue topics in greater depth, but reviews are comprehensive so that this book may become a standard reference.Key Features* Comprehensive reviews that, taken together, provide up-to-date coverage of a rapidly moving field* Features new and unpublished information* Integrates research in diverse organisms to present an overview of common threads in mechanisms of meiosis* Includes thoughtful consideration of areas for future investigation
Download or read book Molecular Signaling in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility written by Rajender Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spermatogenesis involves the coordination of a number of signaling pathways, which culminate into production of sperm. Its failure results in male factor infertility, which can be due to hormonal, environmental, genetic or other unknown factors. This book includes chapters on most of the signaling pathways known to contribute to spermatogenesis. Latest research in germ cell signaling like the role of small RNAs in spermatogenesis is also discussed. This book aims to serve as a reference for both clinicians and researchers, explaining possible causes of infertility and exploring various treatment methods for management through the basic understanding of the role of molecular signaling. Key Features Discusses the signaling pathways that contribute to successful spermatogenesis Covers comprehensive information about Spermatogenesis at one place Explores the vital aspects of male fertility and infertility Explains the epigenetic regulation of germ cell development and fertility Highlights the translational opportunities in molecular signaling in testis
Download or read book Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Stem Cells written by Gary Hime and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the latest findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of stem cells. Both transcriptional activators and repressors have been shown to be crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell state. A key element of stem cell maintenance is repression of differentiation factors or developmental genes – achieved transcriptionally, epigenetically by the Polycomb complex, and post-transcriptionally by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. This volume takes two approaches to this topic – (1) illustrating the general principles outlined above through a series of different stem cell examples – embryonic, iPS and adult stem cells, and (2) describing several molecular families that have been shown to have roles in regulation of multiple stem cell populations.
Download or read book Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations written by Stanley Jablonski and published by Hanley & Belfus. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dictionary lists acronyms and abbreviations occurring with a reasonable frequency in the literature of medicine and the health care professions. Abbreviations and acronyms are given in capital letters, with no punctuation, and with concise definitions. The beginning sections also include symbols, genetic symbols, and the Greek alphabet and symbols.
Download or read book Reproductive and Developmental Strategies written by Kazuya Kobayashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-01 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides new insights into the universality of biological systems in animal reproduction and development by a comparative study of a variety of mechanisms in animals ranging from basal invertebrates to vertebrates, including mammals. Animals accomplish genetic diversity through meiosis and fertilization, and during embryogenesis animals must produce specialized cell types, including germ cells, in accordance with their individual body plan. This series of phenomena is essential to the continuity of life in the animal kingdom, and animals show various reproductive and developmental strategies. This volume, comprising four parts, reviews animal kingdom diversity, including reproductive strategies and germ cell differentiation mechanisms (Part 1), sex determination and differentiation (Part2), the mechanisms of fertilization (Part 3), and body axis formation (Part 4). Readers will find descriptions of the reproduction or development of 180 species, 13 phyla, 35 classes, 74 orders, 117 families, and 151 genera in this book. Of particular interest is the diversity of molecules and mechanisms used to achieve the same biological purpose in different animals. Undergraduates, graduate students, and professional scientists who want a deeper understanding of animal reproductive and developmental mechanisms will find this book to be of great value.
