Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics for Remote Measurements of Trace Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develop a fiber-optic imaging probe for microanalysis of solid samples. Design a time-resolved plasma imaging system to measure the development of the LIBS signal. Setup a laboratory system capable of timing two lasers independently, for optimizing and characterizing dual-pulse LIBS. Compare the development of laser-induced plasmas generated with a single laser pulse to the development of laser induced plasmas generated with a pre-ablation spark prior to sample ablation. Examine the effect of sample matrix on the LIBS signals of elements in different sample matrices. Investigate the effect of excitation wavelength of the ablation beam in pre-ablation spark dual-pulse LIBS experiments. Determine the effect of the physical properties of the sample on the mass of materials ablated.

Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics for Remote Measurements of Trace Metals Interim Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this project is to develop a system to measure the elemental composition of unprepared samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, with a fiber-optic probe. From images shown in this report it is evident that the temporal and spatial behavior of laser-induced plasmas IS a complex process. However, through the use of spectral imaging, optimal conditions can be determined for collecting the atomic emission signal in these plasmas. By tailoring signal collection to the regions of the plasma that contain the highest emission signal with the least amount of background interference both the detection limits and the precision of LIBS measurements could be improved. The optimal regions for both gated and possibly non-gated LIBS measurements have been shown to correspond to the inner regions and outer regions, respectively, in an axial plasma. By using this data fiber-optic LIBS probe designs can be optimized for collecting plasma emission at the optimal regions for improved detection limits and precision in a LIBS measurement.

Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics for Remote Measurements of Trace Metals 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved technologies are required by DOE for characterization and monitoring for site clean-up and waste processing applications. Especially needed are field deployable methods and devices of real-time monitoring to reduce dependency on laboratory analyses which are costly and time consuming. Improved sensors are needed for on-site analyses to provide real-time analytical capabilities for screening level and/or decision-quality data. Matrices of interest to the DOE are soils (or other solids), slurries, and aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a useful method for determining the elemental composition of solids. This method has been recently reviewed and a number of different applications have been described. In the LIBS technique, a high-power pulsed laser is used to generate a plasma from the sample of interest. This phenomenon was first demonstrated in 1963 using a pulsed ruby laser. The elemental composition of the sample is accomplished by measuring the atomic emission from the atoms and ions in the plasma. There are many reports of the use of LIBS for measuring metals in solid substrates. There have also been LIBS investigations of aerosols, single particles, metals in solution including uranium, and even chlorinated species in solution. More recently, LIBS has been used for measuring Ba and Cr in soil using a fiber-optic cable. LIBS shows great potential for measuring metal contaminants in soils and on particles (e.g., stack emissions) based on their atomic emission in a laser-induced plasma. Another important application for this technique is the remote analysis of highly radioactive materials, such as the glasses produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility. The use of fiber optics for both collection of the atomic emission and delivery of the laser to the sampling area could eliminate the need for sampling. In this work the authors study the time-evolution of the LIBS emission for different matrices to better understand how to optimize the signal. Also, they investigate the use of fiber optics for laser delivery and signal collection, and the influence of the geometry of the fiber optic launch and collection probes to determine the effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, they study the LIBS signal for different sample matrices as a function of excitation wavelength across a broad spectrum. A result of this study should be a determination of the optimal excitation and collection conditions and sampling times for metal contaminants in different matrices, and an understanding of the strengths and limitations of using fiber optics for LIBS sampling.

Download or read book Handbook of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by David A. Cremers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS written by Vivek K. Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 2162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Essential resource covering the field of LIBS, with respect to its fundamentals, established and novel applications, and future prospects Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), presents in two comprehensive volumes a thorough discussion of the basic principles of the method, including important recently available data which can lead to a better characterization of the LIBS plasma. This extensive work contains detailed discussions on the lasers, spectrometers, and detectors that can be used for LIBS apparatuses and describes various instrumentation, ranging from basic setups to more advanced configurations. As a modern resource, the work includes the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments, featuring the recent developments of Dual-Pulse LIBS, Femtosecond LIBS, and Micro-LIBS as well as their applications. Throughout, the contributions discuss the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of samples. Lastly, an extensive range of applications is presented, including food technology, environmental science, nuclear reactors, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and biological and biomedical developments. Sample topics covered within the work include: iagnostics of laser induced plasma (LIP): LIBS plasma and its characteristics, factors affecting the LIBS plasma, methods of enhancing LIBS sensitivity, and LTE/non-LTE plasmas Instrumental developments in LIBS: light collection system and spectral detection systems, handheld LIBS, deep sea LIBS, and industrial sorters and analyzers Femtosecond laser ablation: laser-matter interaction, laser absorption, energy transport, ablation mechanisms and threshold, and plasma characterization Micro-analysis and LIBS imaging: microjoule laser sources, scaling libs to microjoule energies, micrometer scaling, advanced applications, and future prospects Spectroscopic and analytical scientists working with LIBS will find this wide-ranging reference immensely helpful in developing LIBS instrumentation and applications. Researchers and students in natural sciences and related programs of study will be able to use the work to acquire foundational knowledge on the method and learn about cutting-edge advancements being made in the field.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Andrzej W. Miziolek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive reference explaining the fundamentals of the LIBS phenomenon, its history and its fascinating applications across eighteen chapters written by recognized leaders in the field. This book will be of significant interest to researchers in chemical and materials analysis within academia and industry.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition, covers the basic principles and latest developments in instrumentation and applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Written by active experts in the field, it serves as a useful resource for analytical chemists and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. This fully revised second edition includes several new chapters on new LIBS techniques as well as several new applications, including flame and off-gas measurement, pharmaceutical samples, defense applications, carbon sequestration and site monitoring, handheld instruments, and more. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. It does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas, and biological materials (like teeth, leaves, or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. This comprehensive reference introduces the topic to readers in a simple, direct, and accessible manner for easy comprehension and maximum utility. Covers even more applications of LIBS beyond the first edition, including combustion, soil physics, environment, and life sciences Includes new chapters on LIBS techniques that have emerged in the last several years, including Femtosecond LIBS and Molecular LIBS Provides inspiration for future developments in this rapidly growing field in the concluding chapter

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Reinhard Noll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-14 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive source of the fundamentals, process parameters, instrumental components and applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The effect of multiple pulses on material ablation, plasma dynamics and plasma emission is presented. A heuristic plasma modeling allows to simulate complex experimental plasma spectra. These methods and findings form the basis for a variety of applications to perform quantitative multi-element analysis with LIBS. These application potentials of LIBS have really boosted in the last years ranging from bulk analysis of metallic alloys and non-conducting materials, via spatially resolved analysis and depth profiling covering measuring objects in all physical states: gaseous, liquid and solid. Dedicated chapters present LIBS investigations for these tasks with special emphasis on the methodical and instrumental concepts as well as the optimization strategies for a quantitative analysis. Requirements, concepts, design and characteristic features of LIBS instruments are described covering laboratory systems, inspections systems for in-line process control, mobile systems and remote systems. State-of-the-art industrial applications of LIBS systems are presented demonstrating the benefits of inline process control for improved process guiding and quality assurance purposes.

Download or read book Laser induced Breakdown Spectrometry written by Yong-Ill Lee and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the output from a pulsed laser is forced onto a small spot of a sample, optically induced plasma, called laser-induced plasma (LIP) is formed at the surface. The plasma is formed when the laser power density exceeds the breakdown threshold value of the surface. The plasma can be used in sampling but is proposed as a source for atomic emission spectrometry (AES). In this case the technique is referred to as laser induced breakdown (emission) spectrometry (LIBS). The spectrally and temporally resolved detection and subsequent determination of the specific atomic emission reveals analytical information about the elemental composition of the sample, including solids, liquids and gases. This book is devoted to the analytical technique of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry. An introduction covering some basic principles of atomic emission spectrometry, analytical performance characteristics, and a comparison to more conventional techniques provides background information for the reader. The book is then conveniently divided into three parts: the first part described the instrumentation required and options available, the second part on fundamental studies of the laser plasma, and the third part on applications. Finally the future development of LIBS is presented.

Download or read book Methods for Measurement of Heterogeneous Materials with Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical tool that can be used in a wide range of applications. By focusing a laser pulse onto a small area, material is ionized and heated to 10,000 to 20,000 K. As the plasma cools, atoms emit light. The light contains atomic information about the sample and is analyzed by a spectrometer. In this work, a fundamental study will examine the relationship between ablation and LIBS enhancement in dual-pulse LIBS. Also, an application of LIBS to identify trace metals in molten salt will be presented. The first experiment will look closely at how spectral enhancement of zinc and copper in brass is influenced by plasma temperature and ablation particles from a dual- pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) compared with single-pulse LIBS. The work presented will look at a dual-pulse scheme using two pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. First, a pulse was focused parallel and above the surface forming a pre-ablative plasma in air. A second pulse is then fired to form an ablative (analytical) plasma on a surface while intersecting the volume of the pre-ablative plasma. Two parameters were studied in the DP-LIBS experiments, the inter-pulse delay and the pre-ablative flunce. Both these parameters have an effect on the emission intensity of zinc and copper and the ablation volume. Single-pulse experiments were also conducted by varying the fluence, which also has an effect on the emission intensity of zinc and copper and the ablation volume. In experiments varying the inter-pulse delay, a 90 mJ pre-ablative laser pulse followed by a 30 mJ ablative (analytical) laser pulse were used. Using this scheme with an inter-pulse delay of 20 [mu]s resulted in a 5 fold increase in intensity for Cu at 521 nm and a 7 fold increase in intensity for Zn at 481 nm compared to single-pulse LIBS. A thirty fold increase in ablation was observed in this DP-LIBS scheme compared to single-pulse LIBS at an inter-pulse delay of 20 [mu]s. With a constant inter-pulse delay there is a mild increase in emission intensity for both zinc and copper with increasing pre-ablation fluence, however, a decrease in ablation volume is also observed with increasing fluence. The single-pulse experiments involved the use of only the ablative analytical pulse. Emission intensity increased with increasing fluence for both Cu and Zn; however, there was a sharp decrease in ablation volume with increasing fluence. The electron temperature was calculated for all experiments using the Boltzmann plot. It was found that emission intensities of Cu and Zn correlated well with the electron temperature; however, considering ablation particle volume along with the electron temperature improved this correlation. The results of this experiment suggest that both particle volume and electron temperature play a significant role on the emission intensity. The second project involves the use of LIBS to analytically detect trace elements in a molten salt environment. Here an apparatus was built to simulate an electrorefiner and its enclosure. Electrorefiners are used to reprocess nuclear fuel for recycle through electrolysis in a molten salt bath. This is an important application that demonstrates ability of LIBS to analytically detect elements in hostile environments and on liquid surfaces. Chromium, cobalt, and manganese where measured in a eutectic potassium-lithium-chlorine molten salt mixture. Calibration curves were successfully constructed for cobalt (CoCl3) and manganese (MnCl3), while chromium (CrCl3) was used to demonstrate the resolution of the spectrometer. Theoretical detection limits were determined to be 0.04, 0.5 and 0.3 percent mass for CrCl3, CoCl3 and MnCl3, respectively.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological Forensic and Materials Sciences written by Gábor Galbács and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the area of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), focusing on its application to biological, forensic and materials sciences. LIBS, which was previously mainly used by physicists, chemists and in the industry, has now become a very useful tool with great potential in these other fields as well. LIBS has a unique set of characteristics including minimal destructiveness, remote sensing capabilities, potential portability, extremely high information content, trace analytical sensitivity and high throughput. With its content divided into two main parts, this book provides not only an introduction to the analytical capabilities and methodology, but also an overview of the results of recent applications in the above fields. The application-oriented, multidisciplinary approach of this work is also reflected in the diversity of the expert contributors. Given its breadth, this book will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in solving analytical/diagnostic/material characterization tasks with the application of LIBS.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Sergio Musazzi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) a widely used atomic emission spectroscopy technique for elemental analysis of materials. It is based on the use of a high-power, short pulse laser excitation. The book is divided into two main sections: the first one concerning theoretical aspects of the technique, the second one describing the state of the art in applications of the technique in different scientific/technological areas. Numerous examples of state of the art applications provide the readers an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique. The LIBS theoretical aspects are reviewed. The book helps the readers who are less familiar with the technique to understand the basic principles. Numerous examples of state of the art applications give an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique potentiality. These examples of applications may have a strong impact on future industrial utilization. The authors made important contributions to the development of this field.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Trace Metals written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An alternative approach for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) determination of trace metal determination in liquids is demonstrated. The limits of detection (LOD) for the technique ranged from 10 ppb to 10 ppm for 15 metals metals (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) tested. Simons, Stephen (Technical Monitor) and VanderWal, Randall L. and Ticich, Thomas M. and West, Joseph R., Jr. Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2004-212980, E-14455

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Rapid Delineation of Metals in Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of a metal sensor that can be deployed with a cone penetrometer for in-situ subsurface measurements is described. The sensor utilized Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to analyze the atomic emission of metals on contaminated soil samples. The novel approach taken in this work is that the measurements are done remotely with both laser excitation and signal collection transmitted through fiber optic cables.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Process Monitoring of Slurry Streams written by James Dudley Winefordner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The goal of this research program was to develop the method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for applications in the phosphate industry. This would include rapid elemental analysis for P, Mg, Si and Fe in materials at various stages of phosphate mining and processing, using off-line, at-line and on-line measurement approaches. Several experimental systems were developed and evaluated. A research instrument with a high resolution spectrometer and gated, intensified CCD detector was used for initial fundamental studies.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Single Variable and Multivariate Analysis of Remote Laser Induced Breakdown Spectra for Prediction of Rb Sr Cr Ba and V in Igneous Rocks written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) will be employed by the ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity to obtain UV, VIS, and VNIR atomic emission spectra of surface rocks and soils. LIBS quantitative analysis is complicated by chemical matrix effects related to abundances of neutral and ionized species in the resultant plasma, collisional interactions within plasma, laser-to-sample coupling efficiency, and self-absorption. Atmospheric composition and pressure also influence the intensity of LIBS plasma. These chemical matrix effects influence the ratio of intensity or area of a given emission line to the abundance of the element producing that line. To compensate for these complications, multivariate techniques, specifically partial least-squares regression (PLS), have been utilized to predict major element compositions (>1 wt.% oxide) of rocks, PLS methods regress one or multiple response variables (elemental concentrations) against multiple explanatory variables (intensity at each pixel of the spectrometers). Because PLS utilizes all available explanatory variable and eliminates multicollinearity, it generally performs better than univariate methods for prediction of major elements. However, peaks arising from emissions from trace elements may be masked by peaks of higher intensities from major elements. Thus in PLS regression, wherein a correlation coefficient is determined for each elemental concentration at each spectrometer pixel, trace elements may show high correlation with more intense lines resulting from optical emissions of other elements. This could result in error in predictions of trace element concentrations. Here, results of simple linear regression (SLR) and multivariate PLS-2 regression for determination of trace Rb, Sr, Cr, Ba, and V in igneous rock samples are compared. This study focuses on comparisons using only line intensities rather than peak areas to highlight differences between SLR and PLS.