Download or read book A Dynamic Model of the Cervical Spine and Head Final Technical Report written by J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Dynamic Model of the Cervical Spine and Head written by J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A data base of the head and cervical spine structure for a three- dimensional mathematical model of the human head-spine system has been developed on the basis of recently obtained geometric and stiffness data. The model was developed for predicting detailed head-spine system responses and injury probabilities during, for example, retraction/ejection and ground impact. This model of the head and cervical spine structure treats the cervical spine and head as a collection of rigid bodies and deformable elements; the rigid bodies represent the vertebral bodies and head and the deformable elements represent the intervertebral discs, ligaments, facet joints and muscles. The model is completely three dimensional and can treat nonlinearities due to large displacements and material properties. The geometric data consist of the initial configuration of the vertebrae and the points of attachments of the muscles, discs and ligaments to the vertebrae. Particular attention was devoted to reproducing the orientations of the articular facets. Stiffness data for the intervertebral discs, ligaments and facet joints were developed. A muscle model which includes reflex and voluntary activation was included for the major muscles. Inertial data was developed by estimating the height and cross- sectional area of the sections of the neck associated with each motion segment and multiplying by a uniform density.
Download or read book The Development of EMG Assisted Cervical Spine Biomechanical Model written by Mina Alizadeh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual prevalence rates of neck pain have grown and are expected to continue to rise due to workforce shifting from manufacturing to office work. In spite of the prevalence of neck disorders, the biomechanical mechanism of development remains unclear. Therefore, it is important to better understand the biomechanical forces acting on the cervical spine in order to prevent workplace related neck disorders, decrease the economic burden and improve the quality of life for those suffering. In order to explore these mechanisms, cervical spine computer models have been developed to estimate spine loading, which can be compared with the tolerance limit of intervertebral discs to understand injury risk. Although there are several cervical spine models currently available, mostly are aimed to simulate whiplash situation and are ill-equipped for simulating daily living activities and many limitations associated to the model predictions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a dynamic model, capable of accurate estimation of spinal load during complex occupational and daily living tasks. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a dynamic biomechanical model of cervical spine capable of simulating complex head and neck motion while accurately estimating spinal tissue loading. Four major steps were conducted to meet this goal. First, a systematic literature review was performed in order to classify existing cervical spine models and to recognize model limitations and the existing gap in the cervical spine modeling area. The most common technique of cervical spine model was multi-body dynamic models. Straight line of action for muscle geometry was commonly developed by attaching muscle origin and insertion, inverse dynamics models were typically used to estimate muscle forces. None of the models had incorporated subject specific muscle activation and properties to accurately estimate both active and passive muscle force components. Several models have attempted to examine their results by comparing their approach with previous studies, however, only limited conditions were able to be examined. Second, the supplication of MRI data in order to develop muscle curved line of action was investigated. Third, the model structure was developed to drive active muscle force by subject specific surface EMG data, curved muscle geometry, separate active and passive muscle forces, and personalized muscle properties. Lastly, model fidelity of the human cervical spine EMG-assisted model was evaluated for 11 subjects (6 males and 5 females) during a wide range of isometric and dynamic neck exertions. The results of this study indicate that personalized EMG-assisted modelling approach is an empirically reasonable approach to accurately estimate spinal moments and spinal tissue loads of the cervical spine. In general, the model predicted at least 80% of the variability in cervical spine moments, and less than 15% of average moment matching error across levels. This model is expected to help quantify neck biomechanical loading during daily living activities and complex occupational postures in order to evaluate risk exposure more accurately, improve patient health and enable the development of interventions that could mitigate risks in occupational jobs.
Download or read book Dynamic Response of the Head and Cervical Spine to Near vertex Head Impact written by Daniel Luis Astilla Camacho and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Head spine Structure Modeling written by Ted Belytschko and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SAM (for Structural Analysis of Man) is a three-dimensional discrete element mathematical model developed for the prediction of the dynamic response of the head-spine-torso structure to severe impact environments. The model mathematically describes the equations of motion for a system of rigid bodies representing, for example, the head, torso segments and the pelvis, interconnected by deformable elements representing, for example, the intervertebral discs, ligaments and other connective tissues. SAM consists of two distinct components; a general purpose, large displacement, dynamic structural analysis program and a data base containing a number of data sets each which contains material, geometric and inertial property, connectivity and loading environment data. This report describes: the development of a model of the diaphragm which, when incorporated into the HSM, will significantly enhance its ability to replicate the effects of the secondary +Gz loading path through the viscera-abdominal wall/diaphragm/rib-cage system; a discussion of spinal injuries associated with pilot ejection and proposed injury criteria for the cervical spine; an axisymmetric finite element analysis of a lumbar vertebral body with comparisons to other models and specific attention to the question of material distribution effects on stresses; and frontal ( -Gx) and lateral (+Gy) impact simulations using the recently developed Head-Cervical Spine Model and comparisons of simulation results with experimental data.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Head and Cervical Spine Impact written by Roger William Nightingale and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Moments on the Cervical Spine Imposed by Head mounted Equipment written by Alexander M. Aurand and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Head-mounted equipment has been suggested as a risk factor for cervical spine disorders (CSDs), but the dynamic effects of wearing head-mounted equipment under non-impulse conditions have not yet been modelled biomechanically. The goal of this research was to evaluate the relative risk of CSDs associated with some common head-mounted equipment configurations worn by pararescue jumpers (PJs). Twenty-four male subjects completed six different head-motion tasks while wearing each of six different equipment configurations. Optical motion capture (MOCAP) was used to quantify the motion and drive a biomechanical model, from which exposed moments could be derived. The addition of head-mounted equipment always led to an increase in resultant moment over wearing no equipment, up to 106%. The minimal equipment accounted for (56-95%) of the total increase in load, with NVG (and associated batteries, if any) accounting for the remainder. When subjects were required to look through the NVG, sagittal flexion on certain tasks increased by up to 14 degrees. There is evidence that the risk of CSDs is increased as a result of wearing head-mounted equipment, and that these risks could potentially be reduced by modifying the head-mounted equipment. The results of this study can inform the development of head-mounted equipment. A multitude of other tasks could be evaluated with respect to risk of CSDs using this technique.
Download or read book Modeling the Biodynamical Response of the Human Head for Injury Analysis written by Danielle N. George and published by . This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to develop a finite element model of the human head and neck to investigate the biomechanics of head injury. The finite element model is a two-dimensional, plane strain representation of the cervical spine, skull, and major components of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, tentorium and the surrounding cerebral spinal fluid. The dynamic response of the model is validated by comparison with the results of human volunteer sled acceleration experiments conducted by Ewing et al. 10 . To validate the head model, one of the head impact experiments performed on cadavers by Nahum et al. 24, is simulated. The model responses are compared with the measured cadaveric test data in terms of head acceleration, and intracranial pressures measured at four locations including the coup and contrecoup sites. The validated model is used to demonstrate that the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is based on resultant translational acceleration of the center of gravity of the head, does not relate to the various mechanisms of brain injury and is therefore insufficient in predicting brain injury.
Download or read book Multiple Muscle Systems written by Jack M. Winters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The picture on the front cover of this book depicts a young man pulling a fishnet, a task of practical relevance for many centuries. It is a complex task, involving load transmission throughout the body, intricate balance, and eye head-hand coordination. The quest toward understanding how we perform such tasks with skill and grace, often in the presence of unpredictable pertur bations, has a long history. However, despite a history of magnificent sculptures and drawings of the human body which vividly depict muscle ac tivity and interaction, until more recent times our state of knowledge of human movement was rather primitive. During the past century this has changed; we now have developed a considerable database regarding the com position and basic properties of muscle and nerve tissue and the basic causal relations between neural function and biomechanical movement. Over the last few decades we have also seen an increased appreciation of the impor tance of musculoskeletal biomechanics: the neuromotor system must control movement within a world governed by mechanical laws. We have now col lected quantitative data for a wealth of human movements. Our capacity to understand the data we collect has been enhanced by our continually evolving modeling capabilities and by the availability of computational power. What have we learned? This book is designed to help synthesize our current knowledge regarding the role of muscles in human movement. The study of human movement is not a mature discipline.
Download or read book Accidental Injury written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury and prevention. The editors, Drs. Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum and John W. Melvin are recognized international leaders and researchers in injury biomechanics, prevention and trauma medicine. They have assembled renowned researchers as authors for 29 chapters to cover individual aspects of human injury assessment and prevention. This third edition is thoroughly revised and expanded with new chapters in different fields. Topics covered address automotive, aviation, military and other environments. Field data collection; injury coding/scaling; injury epidemiology; mechanisms of injury; human tolerance to injury; simulations using experimental, complex computational models (finite element modeling) and statistical processes; anthropomorphic test device design, development and validation for crashworthiness applications in topics cited above; and current regulations are covered. Risk functions and injury criteria for various body regions are included. Adult and pediatric populations are addressed. The exhaustive list of references in many areas along with the latest developments is valuable to all those involved or intend to pursue this important topic on human injury biomechanics and prevention. The expanded edition will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians, biomedical researchers in many disciplines, basic scientists, attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases and governmental bodies. It is hoped that this book will foster multidisciplinary collaborations by medical and engineering researchers and academicians and practicing physicians for injury assessment and prevention and stimulate more applied research, education and training in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention.
Download or read book Computational Modeling for the Assessment of the Biomechanical Properties of the Healthy Diseased and Treated Spine written by Enrico Dall’Ara and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Biomedical Engineering written by John Enderle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-20 with total page 1141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the direction of John Enderle, Susan Blanchard and Joe Bronzino, leaders in the field have contributed chapters on the most relevant subjects for biomedical engineering students. These chapters coincide with courses offered in all biomedical engineering programs so that it can be used at different levels for a variety of courses of this evolving field. Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition provides a historical perspective of the major developments in the biomedical field. Also contained within are the fundamental principles underlying biomedical engineering design, analysis, and modeling procedures. The numerous examples, drill problems and exercises are used to reinforce concepts and develop problem-solving skills making this book an invaluable tool for all biomedical students and engineers. New to this edition: Computational Biology, Medical Imaging, Genomics and Bioinformatics.* 60% update from first edition to reflect the developing field of biomedical engineering* New chapters on Computational Biology, Medical Imaging, Genomics, and Bioinformatics* Companion site: http://intro-bme-book.bme.uconn.edu/* MATLAB and SIMULINK software used throughout to model and simulate dynamic systems* Numerous self-study homework problems and thorough cross-referencing for easy use
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021 2024 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on imaging of the musculoskeletal diseases. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors are all internationally renowned experts in their field. They are also excellent teachers, and provide didactically outstanding chapters. The book is disease-oriented and covers all relevant imaging modalities, with particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Important aspects of pediatric imaging are also included. IDKD books are completely re-written every four years. As a result, they offer a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging. The book is clearly structured with learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers easily navigate through the text. As an IDKD book, it is particularly valuable for general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic knowledge, and for clinicians interested in imaging as it relates to their specialty.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Head and Neck Injury Criteria written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Head and Neck Injury Criteria a Consensus Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Shock and Vibration Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
