Download or read book A Detailed Chronological Record of Project 523 and the Discovery and Development of Qinghaosu Artemisinin written by Zhang Jianfang and published by Strategic Book Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an account of a project in China carried out in secrecy from the Chinese people and the Western World during the tumultuous years of the Cultural Revolution. Project 523, as it was called, resulted in one of the most significant advances in the treatment of malaria since the discovery and first use of quinine over 300 years ago. The origin of the project was a request from the North Vietnamese Government to Mao Zedong in China, for assistance in managing chloroquine drug-resistant malaria affecting their military forces during the Vietnam-American war. Initially the project was directed by the Chinese military medical research authorities, but it became so large that civilian scientists were called upon to help. Ultimately, to accomplish this task, over 60 institutions and more than 500 scientists and other personnel scattered throughout mainland China became involved. This achievement is all the more remarkable because it was accomplished during the Cultural Revolution using obsolete equipment, and at a time when all regular research was halted, scientists were harassed and denigrated, and academic and intellectual activity was discouraged or even forbidden. The drug discovered - artemisinin from the plant Qinghao (Artemisia annua L) - is now the most widely used treatment for malaria in the world.
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2014 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World malaria report 2014 summarizes information received from 97 malaria endemic countries and other sources and updates the analyses presented in 2013. It assesses global and regional malaria trends highlights progress made towards global targets and describes opportunities and challenges in controlling and eliminating the disease. Most of the data presented in this report are for 2013.
Download or read book Science Based Innovation written by A. Styhre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-02-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge management has become a well-known term, but science-based innovation remains relatively unexploited. Bridging the gap between knowledge management theory and studies of science of technology, such as in the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology firms, this book provides a timely insight into the innovation of the knowledge economy.
Download or read book Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this document is to provide comprehensible, global, evidence-based guidelines to help formulate policies and protocols for the treatment of malaria. Information is presented on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, including disease in special groups (young children, pregnant women, people who are HIV positive, travellers from non-malaria endemic regions) and in complex emergency situations and severe malaria."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Artemisinin Based and Other Antimalarials written by Guoqiao Li and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials: Detailed Account of Studies by Chinese Scientists Who Discovered and Developed Them provides a historical and scientific background of the discovery and development of artemisinin, artemisinin derivatives, combination drugs and related chemicals. It is a historical document, a scientific treatise, and a fascinating description of innovative research on new drug development that is carried out under extremely difficult conditions. The book also includes detailed experiments, physical-chemical procedures, practical methodologies and clinical trials. It is a valuable reference for students and researchers in the fields of scientific history, medicine, pharmaceutical science, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Presents details of all stages of drug development, including in vitro experiment, animal exploratory studies, animal tests for toxicity, safety and efficacy followed by stages I, II, III and IV, safety and efficacy in human volunteers and patients with malaria Provides many physical-chemical laboratory procedures, such as NMR, MS, HPLC and X-ray diffraction used in drug development Includes practical methodology of clinical trials from many research centers and countries to demonstrate the importance of this discovery
Download or read book Successful Drug Discovery Volume 5 written by Janos Fischer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with unique insights into current drugs that have made it to the marketplace In the fifth volume of Successful Drug Discovery, the inventors and primary developers of drugs that made it to the market tell the story of the drugs discovery and development. Case studies of drugs from different therapeutic fields reveal the all-too-often unpredictable path from the first drug candidate molecule to the successfully marketed drug. In addition, this new volume addresses overarching topics for drug discovery, such as drug discovery in academia, and discusses currently important classes of small molecule as well as biological drugs. Comprehensive in scope, the books nine chapters provide a representative cross-section of the present-day drug development effort. The authoritative fifth volume is filled with relevant data and chemical information, as well as the insight and experience of the best contemporary drug creators. This important volume: - Puts the focus on recently introduced drugs that have not yet made it into standard textbooks or general references - Contains information and insight that is new and often not even available from the primary literature - Reveals what it takes to successfully develop a drug molecule that has made it all the way to the market - Is endorsed and supported by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Written for medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, organic chemists, Successful Drug Discovery, Volume Five reveals the most recent techniques used by drug innovators in the drug development process.
Download or read book Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (AMR) in the Environment summarizes and updates information on antibiotic producing organisms and their resistance and entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment. As antibiotic use continues to rise in healthcare, their fate, bioavailability and biomonitoring, and impacts on environment and public health are becoming increasingly important. The book addresses the impact of antibiotics and AMR to environment and public health and risk assessment. Moreover, it focused on the metagenomics and molecular techniques for the detection of antibiotics and antimicrobial genes. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as treatment technologies for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARGs-impacted environment, and bioremediation approaches. Summarizes and updates information on antibiotics and AMR/ARGs production and its fate and transport in the environment Includes phytoremediation and bioremediation technologies for environmental management Provides analysis of risk assessment of antibiotic resistance genes to help understand the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs
Download or read book Approaching Complex Diseases written by Mariano Bizzarri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume – for pharmacologists, systems biologists, philosophers and historians of medicine – points to investigate new avenues in pharmacology research, by providing a full assessment of the premises underlying a radical shift in the pharmacology paradigm. The pharmaceutical industry is currently facing unparalleled challenges in developing innovative drugs. While drug-developing scientists in the 1990s mostly welcomed the transformation into a target-based approach, two decades of experience shows that this model is failing to boost both drug discovery and efficiency. Selected targets were often not druggable and with poor disease linkage, leading to either high toxicity or poor efficacy. Therefore, a profound rethinking of the current paradigm is needed. Advances in systems biology are revealing a phenotypic robustness and a network structure that strongly suggest that exquisitely selective compounds, compared with multitarget drugs, may exhibit lower than desired clinical efficacy. This appreciation of the role of polypharmacology has significant implications for tackling the two major sources of attrition in drug development, efficacy and toxicity. Integrating network biology and polypharmacology holds the promise of expanding the current opportunity space for druggable targets.
Download or read book Tu Youyou and the Discovery of Artemisinin written by Rao Yi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-09-28 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nobel laureate Tu Youyou won the 2015 prize for Medicine/Physiology for the discovery of artemisinin, a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions across the globe. This book traces the path of discovery beginning with Chairman Mao's 1964 instruction to Chinese researchers to find a cure for malaria, a disease that plagued the military and civilians alike in endemic regions. It chronicles the years of painstaking research to find effective anti-malarial drugs, and how an entry in a collection of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions gave Tu Youyou the clue which led her to successfully extract artemisinin from the plant, Artemisia annua. Gathering together information from a variety of sources including first-hand accounts, this book describes the contributions of the many organisations, scientists, doctors and countless others who played a part in the process of discovery and clinical testing. It also provides insights into the challenges of carrying out such an extensive research project with limited resources during the upheavals of the Cultural Revolution. An inspirational read for young scientists. Includes the translation of Professor Tu Youyou's 2015 Nobel Lecture.
Download or read book Upshift written by Ben Ramalingam and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With over two decades’ experience both observing and interpreting how people channel disaster into opportunity in the most extreme circumstances and environments on Earth, Ben Ramalingam has a unique vantage point from which to identify the key principles that can enable anyone to use stress as an opportunity for change. In Upshift, Ramalingam distils this expertise into an insightful, powerful, and engaging book that will show you how to reframe your set responses to stress and pressure and instead use them to harness the potential they hold not just for improving your work, your relationships, and your mindset, but for transforming them. Upshift takes readers on an epic journey from early humans’ survival of the Ice Age to present times in our inescapable, pernicious and ever-shifting digital landscape. You will hear remarkable stories from a vast range of upshifters—all of whom carved new routes around perceived barriers using their powers to upshift. Underlying stories of how city commuters navigate train cancellations to how astronauts deal with life-threatening incidents, is one key message: We all have the power to innovate, whether or not we identify ourselves as creative or extraordinary. Maybe you’re the challenger, who thrives by constructively disrupting the status quo like Greta Thunberg. Or perhaps you find yourself constantly tweaking, prodding, breaking, rebuilding, and improving like crafters such as the team that revolutionized space travel called the NASA Pirates. Do you love introducing people whose combined efforts will lead to greater achievements? You might be a connector, like master networker Ariana Huffington. In a runaway world that is an engine for perpetual crisis, Upshift is not only an essential toolkit for survival, it is a roadmap for positive, and potentially life-changing transformation and influence. You don’t have to shut down – you can upshift.
Download or read book Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries written by Richard David Semba and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and expanded book was written with the underlying conviction that global health and nutrition problems can only be solved through a firm understanding of the different levels of causality and the interactions between the various determinants. This volume provides policy makers, nutritionists, students, scientists, and professionals with the most recent and up-to-date knowledge regarding major health and nutritional problems in developing countries.
Download or read book Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria Third Edition written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria remains an important cause of illness and death in children and adults in countries in which it is endemic. Malaria control requires an integrated approach including prevention (primarily vector control) and prompt treatment with effective antimalarial agents. Malaria case management consisting of prompt diagnosis and effective treatment remains a vital component of malaria control and elimination strategies. Since the publication of the first edition of the Guidelines for the treatment of malaria in 2006 and the second edition in 2010 all countries in which P. falciparum malaria is endemic have progressively updated their treatment policy from use of ineffective monotherapy to the currently recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). This has contributed substantially to current reductions in global morbidity and mortality from malaria. Unfortunately resistance to artemisinins has arisen recently in P. falciparum in South-East Asia which threatens these gains. This third edition of the WHO Guidelines for the treatment of malaria contains updated recommendations based on a firmer evidence base for most antimalarial drugs and in addition include recommendation on the use of drugs to prevent malaria in groups at high risk. The Guidelines provide a framework for designing specific detailed national treatment protocols taking into account local patterns of resistance to antimalarial drugs and health service capacity. It provides recommendations on treatment of uncomplicated and severe malaria in all age groups all endemic areas in special populations and several complex situations. In addition on the use of antimalarial drugs as preventive therapy in healthy people living in malaria-endemic areas who are high risk in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from malaria. The Guidelines are designed primarily for policy-makers in ministries of health who formulate country-specific treatment guidelines. Other groups that may find them useful include health professionals and public health and policy specialists that are partners in health or malaria control and the pharmaceutical industry. The treatment recommendations in the main document are brief; for those who wish to study the evidence base in more detail a series of annexes is provided with references to the appropriate sections of the main document.
Download or read book Applied Physical Chemistry with Multidisciplinary Approaches written by A. K. Haghi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting illustrative case studies, highlighting technological applications, and explaining theoretical and foundational concepts, this book is an important reference source on the key concepts for modern technologies and optimization of new processes in physical chemistry. This volume combines up-to-date research findings and relevant theoretical frameworks on applied chemistry, materials, and chemical engineering. This new volume presents an up-to-date review of modern materials and chemistry concepts, issues, and recent advances in the field. Distinguished scientists and engineers from key institutions worldwide have contributed chapters that provide a deep analysis of their particular subjects. At the same time, each topic is framed within the context of a broader more multidisciplinary approach, demonstrating its relationship and interconnectedness to other areas. The premise of this book, therefore, is to offer both a comprehensive understanding of applied science and engineering as a whole and a thorough knowledge of individual subjects. This approach appropriately conveys the basic fundamentals, state-of-the-art technology, and applications of the involved disciplines, and further encourages scientific collaboration among researchers. This volume emphasizes the intersection of chemistry, math, physics, and the resulting applications across many disciplines of science and explores applied physical chemistry principles in specific areas, including the life chemistry, environmental sciences, geosciences, and materials sciences. The applications from these multidisciplinary fields illustrate methods that can be used to model physical processes, design new products and find solutions to challenging problems.
Download or read book Research Methods and Applications in Chemical and Biological Engineering written by Ali Pourhashemi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research-oriented book presents up-to-date experimental methods currently used in research for many branches of chemical and biological engineering. The book surveys essential ideas and research methodologies, concentrating on experiments used in applications rather than on the fine points of rigorous mathematics. Examples of important applications are reviewed in sufficient detail to provide the reader with a critical understanding of context and research methodology. The volume presents a broad spectrum of chapters in the various branches of chemical and biological engineering that demonstrate key developments in these rapidly changing fields. Chapters explore the design, development, operation, monitoring, control, and optimization of chemical, physical and biological processes. Case studies are included in some chapters, building a real-world connection.
Download or read book Circulation and Governance of Asian Medicine written by Céline Coderey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book unpacks the organized sets of practices that govern contemporary Asian medicine, from production of medications in the lab to their circulation within circuits and networks of all kinds, and examines the plurality of actors involved in such governance. Chapters analyze the process of industrialization and commercialization of Asian medicine and the ways in which the expansion of the market in Asian medicines has contributed to the inscription of products within a large system of governance, greatly dominated by global actors and the biomedical hegemony. At the same time, the contributors argue that local actors continue to play a major role in reshaping the regulations and their implementation, thus complexifying the trajectory of the remedies and their natures. Examining in particular the plurality of actors involved in governance and circulation, and the converging or conflicting logics actors follow in regard to negotiations and tensions that arise, the book brings a unique multi-layered contribution to the study of governance and circulation of Asian medicines, offering further proof of their fluidity and resilience. Filling a significant gap in the market by addressing circulation and governance of Asian medicines in Asian countries, including Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Singapore, this book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of Asian studies, Asian culture and society, global health, Asian medicine, and medical anthropology.
Download or read book Understanding Drugs Markets written by Carine Baxerres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on anthropology, historical sociology and social-epidemiology, this multidisciplinary book investigates how pharmaceuticals are produced, distributed, prescribed, (and) consumed, and regulated in order to construct a comprehensive understanding of the issues that drive (medicine) pharmaceutical markets in the Global South today. Based on primary research conducted in Benin and Ghana, and additional data collected in Cambodia and the Ivory Coast, this volume uses artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) against malaria as a central case study. It highlights the influence of the countries colonial and post-colonial history on their models for state regulation, production, and distribution, explores the determining role transnational actors as well as industries from the North but also and increasingly from the South play in influencing local pharmaceutical markets and looks at the behaviour of health care professionals and individuals. Stepping back, the authors then unpick the pharmaceuticalization process and the multiple regulations at stake by looking at the workings of, and linkages between, (biomedical health) pharmaceutical systems, (representatives of companies) industries, actors in private distribution, and consumer practices. Providing a thorough comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different pharmaceutical systems, it is an important contribution to the literature on pharmaceutalization and the governance of medication. It is of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers interested in medical anthropology, the sociology of health and illness, global health, healthcare management and pharmacy.
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2008 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Curious kids will delight in the joy of scientific discovery through the fifty fun activities in The Budding Scientist! This book is filled with great ways for you and your child to learn about how our world works. Create memories together as you make invisible ink, explore ice crystals, and investigate magnets. Perfect for children ages three to six, this fun-filled introduction to science features easy-to-follow instructions and easy-to-find materials that will help you satisfy your child’s natural curiosity.
