Download or read book A Comparison of Snowmelt derived Streamflow from Temperature index and Modified temperature index Snow Models written by Michael L. Follum and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Himalayan Cryosphere written by N.C. Pant and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Himalaya mountains contain not only one of the largest concentrations of ice outside the polar regions, but contribute to the hydrological requirements of large populations spread over seven nations. The exceptionally high elevations of this low-latitude cryosphere presents a natural laboratory and archives to study climate–tectonics interactions as well as regional v. global climate influences. The existing base-level data on the Himalayan cryosphere are highly variable. Several climate fluctuations occurred during the late Quaternary (MIS1–MIS5, especially the last c. 100 ka), which led to the evolution of the Himalayan landscape. Detailed studies of these archives, along with those of the present cryosphere and related hydrosphere, are essential for understanding the controls on present and future hydrology of the glacial-fed mountain rivers. This volume, a follow-up of the XII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Science, Goa (A SCAR symposium), provides new data from locales spread over the entire Himalaya region and from Tibet. It provides a glimpse of the late Quaternary cryosphere, as well as a discussion in the last section on sustainability in the context of geohazard mitigations as well as the hydrological budget.

Download or read book Data driven Snowmelt Modeling with a Temperature Index Model written by Khalida Fazel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A snowpack's meltrate is one of the major parameters of snowmelt modeling. How is the modeler to characterize it? How does it change once temperatures warm, especially if warm temperatures persist and build? Defining the meltrate as a function of an accumulated number of warming degree-days is achieved through the Antecedent Temperature Index--Meltrate (ATIMR) function. This ATIMR function is one approach to characterizing the meltrate in a snow model. Through the years, modelers have relied upon a default ATIMR function developed in 1991. However, literature concerning the nature of this default function and how it was developed is largely nonexistent. This is despite the fact that snowmelt models that utilize the ATIMR are very sensitive to this parameter. Using data from three headwater stations within the American River watershed, upstream of Folsom Lake, California, site-specific ATIMR functions were computed for this thesis. Based on data availability and quality, ATIMR curves were developed for two neighboring locations from 2001 to 2008 and at another location for 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2007. These curves were compared to the default curve. It was found that the curves vary greatly from year-to-year and from site-to-site. This finding suggests that use of the default 1991 curve, which is often used in practice irrespective of season and/or location, should at the very least be reconsidered. Whether or not inter-seasonal climatic variations can be linked to variations in the ATIMR curves was also investigated.

Download or read book Temperature snowmelt Analysis written by Thomas A. Pick and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simulation of Snowmelt runoff in Lowland and Lower Alpine Regions of Switzerland written by Ludwig N. Braun and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schneeschmelzmodelle - Hochwasser - Geologie.

Download or read book Snowmelt Runoff Modelling written by Bikas Chandra Bhattarai and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of global warming on glaciers of Nepal has serious implications for the fresh water reserve. Increase in temperature and precipitation in Himalayas accelerates the process of snow melting as well as enhances flooding event from direct runoff whereas dry season discharge is decreased. The major concern is rapid reduction of glaciers in much of the Himalayan region and shifting upwards of snow line. Very few literatures are available on snowmelt runoff modeling. This book summaries research design and the SRM model and the required data for run this model. It gives the detail outline of temperature index i.e. Positive Degree Day, PDD models, Snow Melt Runoff, SRM simulation and climate change assessment procedures and data preparation for model run. It deals about the data acquisition, its pre-processing and the post-processing such as to make them ready for the input to the simulation model. This book can be useful for the researchers who are interested to investigate the contribution of snow melt in stream flow of snow-fed stream and impact of climate change on water resources.

Download or read book Principles of Snow Hydrology written by David R. DeWalle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-03 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Snow Hydrology describes the factors that control the accumulation, melting and runoff of water from seasonal snowpacks over the surface of the earth. The book addresses not only the basic principles governing snow in the hydrologic cycle, but also the latest applications of remote sensing, and techniques for modeling streamflow from snowmelt across large mixed land-use river basins. Individual chapters are devoted to climatology and distribution of snow, snowpack energy exchange, snow chemistry, ground-based measurements and remote sensing of snowpack characteristics, snowpack management, and modeling snowmelt runoff. Many chapters have review questions and problems with solutions available online. This book is a reference book for practicing water resources managers and a text for advanced hydrology and water resources courses which span fields such as engineering, earth sciences, meteorology, biogeochemistry, forestry and range management, and water resources planning.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Patterns in Catchment Hydrology written by Rodger Grayson and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 2001-08-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes use of observed patterns in understanding and modelling hydrological response, for researchers and graduate students.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling Snowmelt induced Processes written by International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Scientific Assembly and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Empirical statistical Downscaling written by Rasmus E. Benestad and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical-statistical downscaling (ESD) is a method for estimating how local climatic variables are affected by large-scale climatic conditions. ESD has been applied to local climate/weather studies for years, but there are few ? if any ? textbooks on the subject. It is also anticipated that ESD will become more important and commonplace in the future, as anthropogenic global warming proceeds. Thus, a textbook on ESD will be important for next-generation climate scientists.

Download or read book The Snowmelt runoff Model SRM User s Manual written by J. Martinec and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparison Between Binary and Fractional Snow cover Products for Simulating Streamflow in the Snowmelt Runoff Model written by Kenneth S. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) is an important hydrological tool for snowmelt modeling and streamflow forecasts. Several snowmelt models, including SRM, rely on remotely sensed snow-cover extent as an input data set. The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracies of two independent snow mapping algorithms derived from identical Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images as inputs into SRM. Here, snow-cover estimates from a simple binary snow-covered area (BSCA) algorithm are compared to estimates from the more computationally intensive Thematic Mapper Snow-Covered Area and Grain Size (TMSCAG) algorithm, which computes sub-pixel fractional snow-cover. The SRM was run in two basins located in Rocky Mountain National park, the headwaters of the Big Thompson River (357.4 km2) for five snowmelt seasons, and Loch Vale basin (6.9 km2) for four snowmelt seasons. In the Big Thompson basin, a significantly greater difference (paired two sample for means t-test) in mean snow-covered area (SCA) was calculated using the BSCA method in three of four SRM Elevation Zones from an average of 38 TM images. In the Loch Vale basin, a significantly greater mean SCA was calculated using the TMSCAG method in one of two SRM Elevation Zones. The difference in SCA between snow mapping methods is greatest in more heavily forested regions, with a greater mean SCA calculated from the BSCA method in these zones. Both snow mapping techniques produced satisfactory R2 values (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient) and differences in total runoff volume D[subscript v] values were 0.89, -5.3% and 0.88, 2.6% for the BSCA and TMSCAG methods, respectively. In the Loch Vale basin the respective values were 0.82, 9.8% and 0.85, 6.0% for the BSCA and TMSCAG methods. The snow water equivalences (SWE) were reconstructed from the accumulated zonal melt depths of each snow mapping technique only in Elevation Zone-2 of the Big Thompson basin and compared with in situ SWE measurements from two SNOTEL sites (Bear Lake and Willow Park), both located within that Elevation Zone. The TMSCAG method reconstructed SWE was on average 11.7% less than measured SNOTEL SWE, while the BSCA method over-calculated SWE by an average of 55.4%. While both snow mapping methods produced satisfactory results in SRM, the TMSCAG method in general outperformed the BSCA method in R2, D[subscript v], and SWE reconstruction. While the accuracies of the two snow mapping algorithms where not assessed, the SWE reconstruction acted as a pseudo validation measurement.

Download or read book National Weather Service river forecast system snow accumulation and ablation model written by D. L. Fread and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The NWSRFS consists of several components such as data acquisition, forecast procedures, and forecast dissemination. This Technical Memorandum describes a complete river forecast procedure. The acronym NWSRFS is used throughout the text and computer programs"--Page 1-1.

Download or read book Glacier Systems and Seasonal Snow Cover in Six Major Asian River Basins written by Savoskul, O. S. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrological roles of glaciers and seasonal snow in the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Mekong basins are, for the first time, assessed comprehensively at a major river basin scale in this paper. Contribution of glacier runoff, subdivided into renewable and nonrenewable components, and seasonal snowmelt to mean annual flow is evaluated for two time slices: 1961-1990 and 2001-2010. The recent changes of the hydrological roles of glaciers and snow, and the most likely changes of those under future climate change are analyzed.

Download or read book Trends and Changes in Hydroclimatic Variables written by Ramesh Teegavarapu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends and Changes in Hydroclimatic Variables: Links to Climate Variability and Change discusses the change detection and trend analysis methods used to assess hydroclimatic variables in a changing climate. Changes and trends in hydroclimatic variables are assessed using state-of-the-art methods, such as non-linear trend estimation (including spline smoothing and local regression) and handling persistence (or serial auto-correlation in data) for assessing trends in different hydroclimatic variables (e.g. pre-whitening methods). This book offers a variety of real-life case studies and problem-solving techniques for a field that is rapidly evolving. Users will find methods to evaluate points where time series characteristics change and non-homogeneity in time series. In addition, it covers the subject of climate variability and change in an immense level of detail, including changes on precipitation, streamflow and sea levels. - Examines statistical methods for trend analysis, providing an excellent reference book for scholars, scientists, students and professionals - Offers an exhaustive treatment of several hydroclimatic variables in one book, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of changes in hydroclimatic variables over time and space - Presents case studies dealing with changes in hydroclimatic variables in different geographical regions of the world - Focuses on climate variability and change, including an extensive assessment of trends and their associated links to climate variability and change