Download or read book A Comparison of Oxygen Uptake During Exercise in Males and Females written by Zulette H. Melnick and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparison of Running Rate and Oxygen Uptake in Young Males written by Leslie Anne Krogh and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sex Differences in the Oxygen Uptake Kinetic Response to Moderate Intensity Exercise in Obese Adolescents written by Mary Bowen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetic response to exercise provides insight into aerobic performance and the efficiency of the body to maintain oxygen demand during the initiation of exercise. Previous research in normal weight children reports insignificant differences in gender VO2 on-kinetic responses to moderate exercise. No study has evaluated the impact obesity may have on gender VO2 on-kinetics. PURPOSE: To determine if sex differences exist in the VO2 kinetic response to moderate exercise in obese adolescents. METHODS: Male (n=16) and female (n=39) adolescents completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill. Data from initial 4-min treadmill walking was used to determine a time constant. RESULTS: The time constant was significantly different (P=0.009) between obese male and female adolescents (15.42 [plus or minus] 7.31 s vs. 22.03 [plus or minus] 8.56 s, respectively). CONCLUSION: Sex differences exist in VO2 on-kinetics during moderate exercise in obese adolescents indicating an enhanced potential for males to deliver and/or utilize oxygen.

Download or read book Metabolic Responses to Supramaximal Exercise and Training written by Clare L. Weber and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the gender-specific responses to supramaximal cycling and to examine the changes in anaerobic and aerobic metabolism that occur in response to high-intensity interval training (HIT). All subjects in the present experiments were untrained, healthy young adults aged between 18 and 35 yr. Cycle ergometry was used for all experimental test procedures and training programs. The accumulated oxygen (AO2) deficit was used to quantify the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via anaerobic metabolism during supramaximal cycling. In addition, pulmonary oxygen uptake measured at the onset of exercise was described using mathematical modeling to determine the rate response of the aerobic energy system during exercise. The purpose of experiment one was to examine the test-retest reliability of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) measured at 110% and 120% of peak oxygen uptake for cycling in seven untrained male and seven untrained female subjects. After one familiarization trial, all subjects performed two MAOD tests at a power output corresponding to 110% and two tests at 120% of peak oxygen uptake in random order. MAOD was calculated for each subject as the difference between the estimated AO2 demand and the AO2 uptake measured during the exercise bout. The meanplus or minusstandard error time to exhaustion (TE) for the group was not significantly different between trial one (226plus or minus13 s) and trial two (223plus or minus14 s) of the 110% test. Likewise, the difference in the TE between trial one (158plus or minus11 s) and trial two (159plus or minus10 s) was not significant for the 120% test. The intra-class correlation coefficients for the TE were 0.95 for the 110% test and 0.98 for the 120% test. The mean MAOD value obtained in trial one (2.62plus or minus0.17 L) was not significantly different from the mean value obtained in trial two (2.54plus or minus0.19 L) for the 110% test. Additionally, the mean values for the two trials did not differ significantly for MAOD (2.64plus or minus0.21 L for trial one and 2.63plus or minus0.19 L for trial two) in the 120% test. The intra-class correlation coefficients for MAOD were 0.95 for the 110% test and 0.97 for the 120% test. All intra-class correlation coefficients were significant at p less than 0.001. When conducted under standardized conditions, the determination of MAOD for cycling was highly repeatable at both 110% and 120% of peak oxygen uptake in untrained male and female subjects. The results observed in experiment one suggest that the MAOD may be used to compare the anaerobic capacity (AC) of men and women and to examine changes in the contribution of the anaerobic energy systems before and after training. Experiment two examined the gender-specific differences in MAOD before and after 4 and 8 wk of HIT. Untrained men (n=7) and women (n=7) cycled at 120% of pre-training peak oxygen uptake to exhaustion (MAOD test) pre-, mid-, and post-training. A post-training timed test was also completed at the MAOD test power output, but this test was stopped at the TE achieved during the pre-training MAOD test. The 14.3plus or minus5.2% increase in MAOD observed in males after 4 wk of training was not different from the 14.0plus or minus3.0% increase seen in females (p greater than 0.05). MAOD increased by a further 6.6plus or minus1.9% in males and this change was not different from the additional 5.1plus or minus2.3% increase observed in females after the final 4 wk of training. Peak oxygen uptake measured during incremental cycling increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in male but not in female subjects after 8 wk of training. Moreover, the AO2 uptake was higher in men during the post-training timed test compared to the pre-training MAOD test (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the AO2 uptake was unchanged from pre- to post-training in female subjects. The increase in MAOD with training was not different between men and women suggesting an enhanced ability to produce ATP anaerobically in both groups. However, the increase in peak oxygen uptake and AO2 uptake obtained in male subjects following training indicates improved oxidative metabolism in men but not in women. It was concluded that there are basic gender differences that may predispose males and females to specific metabolic adaptations following an 8-wk period of HIT. Increases in AO2 uptake during supramaximal cycling demonstrated in men after training led to the hypothesis that peak oxygen uptake kinetics are speeded in male subjects with short-term HIT. It was suggested that training does not improve peak oxygen uptake kinetics in women as no change in AO2 uptake was found after 8 wk of HIT in female subjects. The purpose of experiment three was to examine peak oxygen uptake kinetics before and after 8 wk of HIT in six men and six women during cycling at 50% (50% test) and 110% (110% test) of pre-training peak oxygen uptake. A single-term exponential equation was used to model the peak oxygen uptake response (after phase I) during the 50% and 110% tests pre- and post-training. In addition, phase II and III of the peak oxygen uptake response during the 110% tests were examined using a two-term equation. The end of the phase I peak oxygen uptake response was identified visually and omitted from the modeling process. The duration of phase I determined during all experimental tests was not different between men and women and did not change with training in either group. Before training, men obtained a phase II peak oxygen uptake time constant (t2) of 29.0plus or minus3.3 s during the 50% test which was not different to the t2 of 28.8plus or minus2.2 s attained by women. In addition, the t2 determined during the 50% test was unchanged after 8 wk of HIT in both groups. The peak oxygen uptake kinetics examined during the 110% tests before training were well described by a single-term model in all male and female subjects. The t2 determined before training for the 110% test was significantly faster in men than in women. Furthermore, peak oxygen uptake was unchanged in female subjects and the t2 remained unaltered with 8 wk HIT (pre 45.5plus or minus2.2; post 44.8plus or minus2.3 s). In contrast, male subjects achieved a significantly higher peak oxygen uptake after training and the t2 determined for men during the 110% test was faster after training (36.4plus or minus1.6 s) than before training (40.1plus or minus 1.9 s). Improved model fits were obtained with the two-term equation compared to the single-term equation in two of the six male subjects during the 110% test post-training. It was found that the onset of the peak oxygen uptake slow component occurred at a mean time of 63.5plus or minus2.5 s and the t2 was reduced to 18.4plus or minus1.7 s. Using a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks z-test, the t2 described by the single-term equation in the remaining four subjects was determined to be significantly faster after training than before training, thus confirming the results obtained from the original group (n=6) of male subjects. End exercise heart rate (HREE) values obtained during the 50% and 110% tests were not different between men and women. During the 50% test, HREE values were unchanged, whereas HREE was significantly decreased during the 110% test after training in both groups. These data show that HIT might improve oxidative metabolism in men but not in women as reflected by a greater peak oxygen uptake and faster peak oxygen uptake kinetics during supramaximal work rates. We further suggest that the faster peak oxygen uptake kinetics demonstrated in men after training are probably not due to an improvement in cardiac function. Finally, the augmentation of oxidative metabolism during exercise after HIT in men might be dependent on the intensity of the exercise bout at which the peak oxygen uptake response is examined. The findings presented in this thesis suggest that MAOD is a reliable measure in both male and female subjects and can be used to monitor changes in anaerobic ATP production during supramaximal cycling. Moreover, these data suggest that 4 and 8 wk of HIT produce similar changes in anaerobic ATP generation in men and women. Finally, 8 wk of HIT results in the increase of peak oxygen uptake and AO2 uptake as well as the speeding of peak oxygen uptake kinetics during supramaximal cycling in male subjects. There was no evidence to suggest that oxidative metabolism was improved in women after short-term HIT. -- In conclusion, improvement in supramaximal exercise performances should be examined specifically for changes in the anaerobic and aerobic contributions to energy production. In addition, it is suggested that gender should be of primary consideration when designing exercise-training programs where improvement in both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism is required.

Download or read book Gender Differences in Aerobic and Work Capacity During Plantar Flexion Exercise written by Lindsay Stagner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is lower in females compared to males during traditional whole body, systemic exercise. These differences in VO2max between men and women are still present even after correcting for differences in fat and muscle mass and are due, in part, to central limitations in oxygen delivery in females. Many of these limitations can be avoided by evaluating exercise in an isolated muscle groups. At rest and maximum in the forearm, both men and women have the same relative oxygen consumption and blood flow. There are some differences in the calf at rest; both males and females have the same relative oxygen consumption, however females receive a higher relative blood flow. To investigate if inherent skeletal muscle differences exist between men and women, we measured VO2 and power output during graded treadmill and calf plantar flexion exercise to maximum. It was hypothesized that the relative aerobic and work capacity of the calf would be lower in women compared to men. During treadmill exercise, men had greater absolute VO2 and power output at maximum and when expressed relative to fat free mass (FFM), there was no difference in power output between genders, but differences in VO2max persisted with men still being higher. During plantar flexion exercise, men again demonstrated greater absolute VO2 and power output at maximum and when expressed relative to calf FFM there was no difference in either VO2 or power output between genders. It is concluded that there are no inherent muscle differences in aerobic or work capacity between men and women suggesting that differences in absolute aerobic and work capacity are not due to gender, but rather differences in muscle mass.

Download or read book A Comparison of Inclined and Horizontal Treadmill Tests for Determination of Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Male and Female Distance Runners written by Rafael Noriega Flores and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparison of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Values Determined by the Astrand Rhyming Indirect Test written by Michael Francis Greene and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparison of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Obtained on the Bicycle Ergometer and Treadmill in College Age Females written by Kathleen Dorothy Rusk and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Exercise Testing written by Kristian Lange Andersen and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Prediction of Oxygen Uptake During Exercise Testing in Healthy Adult Females written by Anne Louise Caston and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Training on the Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Endurance Capacity of Male and Female Subjects written by Philippa K. Bland and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many consider that maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) provides a valid measure of fitness in general and endurance capacity in particular. However, in recent years evidence has accumulated suggesting that VO2 max values provide only limited information regarding endurance capacity. This study set out to investigate the influence of training on the maximum oxygen uptake and endurance capacity of male and female subjects. The investigation consisted of three studies. The first described the relationship between VO2 max correlation between VO2 max and Z individuals within the group with differently. The second study examined the influence of short term training on VO2 max and endurance capacity. The increase in VO2 max was small (7%) when contrasted with the large improvement in endurance capacity (478%). The above two studies both indicated that VO2 max alone does not determine endurance capacity. The third study therefore set out to examine which factors influence changes in VO2 max and endurance capacity after a period of endurance training. By adopting a single-leg exercise model (Davies and Sargeant, 1975), this study not only re-examined the relationship between VO2 max and endurance capacity but also attempted to separate local and central adaptations to training. This model was adopted because of the suggestion that increases in endurance capacity are the result of changes in the skeletal muscle (local) (Gollnick et al., 1973). Again, the increases in VO2 max were small when compared with the improvements in endurance capacity. Improvements in the trained leg (TL) were attributed to central and local adaptations to training and in the untrained leg (UTL) to central cardiovascular changes. The large increase in the endurance capacity of the TL (523%) was 404% greater than that seen in the UTL, thus supporting the view that increases in endurance capacity are largely the result of changes in the skeletal muscle rather than improvements in the central cardiovascular system. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that VO2 max is a poor predictor of endurance capacity. It provides no information regarding an individuals ability to endure exercise, i.e. the ability to sustain a given submaximal work load, both before and after training. It is suggested that the fitness of an individual may be reflected not by their V02 max value but rather by the largest fraction of that value which he or she can utilize during prolonged periods of exercise.

Download or read book A Comparison of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Response to Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Men of High and Average VO2 Max written by Jon Joseph Van Wyk and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparison of the Slow Component of Oxygen Uptake in Women During Arm Ergometry Exercise in a One gravity and a Simulated Microgravity Environment written by Joanne L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gender Differences in Metabolism written by Mark Tarnopolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-11-23 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender Differences in Metabolism: Practical and Nutritional Implications is the first book to successfully integrate nutritional science, exercise physiology/medicine, and metabolism. This volume explores recent scientific evidence that male and female athletes exhibit different metabolic responses and, therefore, differ in their nutritional needs and advice. Anyone interested in good health, exercise, and nutrition will find this book a valuable resource.

Download or read book Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport Exercise and Medicine written by Andrew M. Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its crucial importance, scientists interested in the limitations of human physical performance have only just started to give the field of oxygen uptake kinetics the attention it deserves. Understanding the principal determinant of the oxygen uptake kinetics is fundamental to improving human performance or the quality of life. This book provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge of this emerging field of study, and features: * an introduction to oxygen uptake kinetics and historical development of the discipline * measurement and analysis of oxygen uptake kinetics * control of and limitations to oxygen uptake kinetics * applications of oxygen uptake kinetics in a range of human populations. Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Health and Medicine is richly illustrated and structured to enable easy access of information and represents an invaluable resource for students and researchers in exercise physiology, as well as for respiratory physiologists and pulmonary clinicians.

Download or read book A Comparison of Exercise Heart Rates and Oxygen Consumption in Individuals with Prader Willi Syndrome to the American College of Sports Medicine Oxygen Uptake Prediction Formulas and Karvonen Heart Rate Formula written by Timothy Lee Hatten and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Detailed Comparison of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics at a Range of Exercise Intensities written by Cain Clark and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: